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EC number: 204-587-6 | CAS number: 122-97-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015-08-04 to 2015-08-05
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- GLP and OECD Guideline conform study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2002
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- All concentration levels and the control were analytically verified via HPLC-DAD at the start (0 and 24 hours) and at the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours). The method was validated prior to this study according to SANCO 3029/99 rev.4 (2000).
- Sampling method: At the start of the exposure intervals (0 and 24 hours), sampling was carried out after preparation of the test item concentrations.
At the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours), samples were taken from additional replicates, which were prepared with test media, but without daphnids. These additional replicates were incubated under test conditions until sampling. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A stock solution (100 mg/L of the test item were weighed out) was freshly prepared with ISO test water before the start of each exposure interval (at 0 and 24 hours).
- Controls:Dilution water (ISO test water as specified below) without test item tested under the same conditions as the test groups.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): no - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea (Daphnia magna)
- Strain: Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5)
- Source: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu), 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Age at study initiation: 2 to 24 hours
- Feeding during test: The culture daphnids are fed at least 5 times per week ad libitum with a mix of unicellular green algae, e.g. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus, with an algae cell density of > 106 cells/mL. The algae are cultured at the test facility.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: At least 2 hours in dilution water.
- Acclimation conditions: Same as the test - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- None
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- 262 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 18 - 22 °C, constant within ± 1 °C
- pH:
- The pH-values should be in the range of 6 - 9. Measured values: 7.93 - 8.00 (0 hours) and 7.72 - 7.80 (48 hous)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 0 hours: 8.97 - 9.13 mg/L
48 hours: 8.75 - 9.21 mg/L - Salinity:
- not applicable
- Conductivity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration: 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/L
Measured concentrations: 2.97, 6.17, 12.7, 25.1, 50.8 and 97.4 mg/L. The measured concentrations of the test item at the start of the exposure intervals (0 and 24 hours) were in the range of 95 to 103 % of the nominal values. At the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours), the measured concentrations of the test item were in the range of 94 to 101 % of the nominal values. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass beakers (4 (ID) x 7 (H) cm), 50 mL capacity, loosely covered with watch glasses
- Test volume: 20 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution: after 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hours light/dark cycle
- Light intensity: Diffuse light, light intensity of max. 20 µE/(m^2 s^1); (1340 lux)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
Immobilisation was determined in all groups after 24 and 48 hours.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 1.00, 10.0 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study:
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 60.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL 55.1 - 67.6
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: Not observed
- Observations on body length and weight: Not observed
- Mortality of control: none
- Abnormal responses: Not observed.
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No
- Mortality: Based on the nominal concentrations of the test item, the 48 hour-EC50 for Daphnia magna was 60.6 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 55.1 - 67.6 mg/L). The NOEC after 48 hours was determined to be 12.5 mg/L and the LOEC after 48 hours was determined to be 25.0 mg/L. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50/LC50: The EC50-value of the reference item potassium dichromate after 24 hours is within the prescribed concentration range of 0.6 - 2.4 mg/L of quality criteria according to AQS P 9/2 (02/2000) for daphnids clone 5 cultured in Elendt M4 medium. The EC50-value of the reference item is also within the recommended range of 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L according to OECD-Guideline 202. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC10-values (after 24 and 48 hours) and the EC50-value (after 48 hours) were calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The respective 95 % confidence limits were calculated from the standard error and the t-distribution. All calculations were carried out with the best-fit values with the software GraphPad Prism5. The concentration-effect relationships are shown graphically. The EC50-value for the reference item and its 95 % confidence limits were calculated accordingly. Due to the lack of an effect value greater than 50 % after 24 hours, an EC50-value after 24 hours could not be calculated.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a 48 h static toxicity test with Daphnia magna the EC50 value based on mobility of the test substance was found to be 60.6 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS), the effects of the test item were determined according to OECD Guideline 202 (2004). The study was conducted under semi-static conditions over a period of 48 hours with 6 concentrations of the test item (3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/L (nominal)), prepared with dilution water (ISO test water, acc. to OECD 202, Annex 3) in a geometric series with a separation factor of 2.
The tested solutions were visually clear throughout the exposure period. Twenty daphnids were exposed to each concentration level and the control. The concentrations of the test item were analytically verified via HPLC-DAD at the start of the exposure intervals (0 and 24 hours) and at the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours) in all concentration levels and the control. The measured concentrations of the test item at the start of the exposure intervals (0 and 24 hours) were in the range of 95 to 103 % of the nominal values. At the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours), the measured concentrations of the test item were in the range of 94 to 101 % of the nominal values. The measured test item concentrations were all within ± 20 % of the nominal concentrations. This indicates that the test item concentrations were successfully maintained for the duration of the test. Therefore, the effect levels given are based on the nominal concentrations of the test item. The EC10(48 h) value based on mobility was determined to be 32.8 mg/L and the EC50 (48h) value was determined to be 60.6 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1: Immobilisation Rates after 24 and 48 h of Exposure in the Definitive Test (n = 20, divided into 4 replicates with 5 daphnids each)
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] |
Immobilisation [%] |
|||||||||
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||||||||
Replicates |
Replicates |
|||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
MV |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
MV |
|
100 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
60 |
45 |
80 |
80 |
100 |
100 |
90 |
50 |
0 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
15 |
20 |
40 |
40 |
20 |
30 |
25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
20 |
0 |
20 |
15 |
12.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6.25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3.13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
MV = mean value
Table 2: Measured Concentrations and Percent of Nominal Concentration of the Test Item during the Definitive Test
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] |
Start of the exposure interval 0 hours |
End of the exposure interval 24 hours |
Start of the exposure interval 24 hours |
End of the exposure interval 48 hours |
||||
Measured concentration [mg/L] |
% |
Measured concentration [mg/L] |
% |
Measured concentration [mg/L] |
% |
Measured concentration [mg/L] |
% |
|
100 |
97.4 |
97 |
98.6 |
99 |
99.7 |
100 |
99.3 |
99 |
50 |
50.8 |
102 |
50.6 |
101 |
99.7 |
103 |
50.1 |
100 |
25 |
25.1 |
100 |
25.1 |
100 |
51.7 |
101 |
24.3 |
97 |
12.5 |
12.7 |
102 |
12.6 |
101 |
25.3 |
102 |
12.4 |
99 |
6.25 |
6.17 |
99 |
6.03 |
96 |
6.09 |
97 |
6.22 |
100 |
3.13 |
2.97 |
95 |
2.95 |
94 |
3.11 |
99 |
3.00 |
96 |
Control |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
LOQ = limit of quantification (1.00 mg/L of the test item)
Description of key information
In a 48 h static toxicity test with Daphnia magna the EC50 value based on mobility of the test substance was found to be 60.6 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 60.6 mg/L
Additional information
In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS), the effects of the test item were determined according to OECD 202 (2004). The study was conducted using the following test item concentrations: 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/L (nominal). Potassium dichromate served as positive control. After 24 and 48 hours, the daphnids were observed for signs of immobility. As a result, the EC50 value of the test substance was found to be 60.6 mg/L based on nominal concentrations.
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