3-nitrobenzoic acid

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Repeated dose toxicity: Oral

The no-observed- adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for male rats was considered to be 20 mg/kg/day and NOAEL for female rats was considered to be 100 mg/kg/day when Crl:CD (SD) male and female rat were treated with test substance.

Repeated dose toxicity: Inhalation

According to Annex IX of the REACH regulation, testing by the inhalation route is appropriate only if exposure of humans via inhalation is likely. Taking into account the low vapour pressure of the substance 3-Nitrobenzoic acid (121-92-6) which is reported as 0.0000371 mmHg at 25 C. Thus, exposure to inhalable dust, mist and vapour of the chemical 3-Nitrobenzoic acid (121-92-6) is highly unlikely. Therefore this study is considered for waiver.

Repeated dermal study;

The acute toxicity value for 3-Nitrobenzoic acid (121-92-6) (as provided in section 7.2.3) is >2000 mg/kg body weight. Also, given the use of the chemical; repeated exposure by the dermal route is unlikely since the use of gloves is common practice in industries. Thus, it is expected that 3-Nitrobenzoic acid shall not exhibit 28 day repeated dose toxicity by the dermal route. In addition, there is no data available that suggests that 3-Nitrobenzoic acid shall exhibit repeated dose toxicity by the dermal route. Hence this end point was considered for waiver.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Toxic effect type:

concentration-driven

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

chronic toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

secondary literature

Justification for type of information:

Data is from J-check database

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Combined repeated dose repro-devp. Screen of m-Nitrobenzoic acid in rat orally

GLP compliance:

not specified

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Crl: CD(SD)

Details on species / strain selection:

No data

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: No data available
- Age at study initiation: 9 weeks old (initiation of dosing)
- Weight at study initiation: No data available
- Fasting period before study: No data available
- Housing: No data available
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): No data available
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): No data available
- Acclimation period: No data available

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): No data available
- Humidity (%):No data available
- Air changes (per hr): No data available
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): No data available

IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: No data available

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Details on route of administration:

No data

Vehicle:

other: 0.1 w/v% Tween 80 +0.5 w/v% Sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution

Details on oral exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: The test chemical was dissolved in 0.1 w/v% Tween 80 +0.5 w/v% Sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution to give dose levels of 0, 20, 100 or 500 mg/Kg/day

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): No data available
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): No data available
- Storage temperature of food: No data available

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): 0.1w/v% Tween 80 +0.5w/v% Sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution
- Concentration in vehicle: 0, 20, 100, 500 mg/kg/day
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): No data available
- Lot/batch no. (if required): No data available
- Purity: No data available

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

No data available

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Males: 42 days
Females: 55 days (from 14 days before mating to day 4 of lactation)

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 20, 100, 500 mg/kg/day
Basis:
no data

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Total: 116
0 mg/kg/day: 12 male, 12 female
20 mg/kg/day: 12 male, 12 female
100 mg/kg/day: 12 male, 12 female
500 mg/kg/day: 12 male, 12 female

Recovery:
0 mg/kg/day: 5 male, 5 female
500 mg/kg/day: 5 male, 5 female

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: No data available
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): No data available
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: No data available
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: 14 days
- Section schedule rationale (if not random): No data available

Positive control:

No data

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: No data available
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included. Mortality were observed

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes , but no detailed information available
- Time schedule: No data available

BODY WEIGHT: Yes , but no detailed information
- Time schedule for examinations: Observed during dosing period

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight :No data

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: No data
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No data
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: No data
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value were examined.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: No data
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: No data
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. A/G ratio, Pi, K, BUN, TP, Cl and ALT were examined.

URINALYSIS: No data
- Time schedule for collection of urine: No data
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: No data
- Animals fasted: No data
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined No data

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No data
- Time schedule for examinations: No data
- Dose groups that were examined: No data
- Battery of functions tested: sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity / other: No data

OTHER:
Organ weight: Brain R, Liver R, Kidney R, Testes A/R, Epididymides A/R, Thymus A and Spleen were in males and liver R, Spleen R, Spleen A, Thymus A, Kidney A from females was weighed

Sacrifice and pathology:

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Organ examined:
Forestomach, testes, epididymides, seminiferous tubular epithelium, epididymides duct, femur bone were examined in male rats and forestomach, trabecular bone in femur bone, female genital tract were examined in female rats

Other examinations:

No data

Statistics:

No data

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

When treated with 500 mg/kg/day, Salivation was observed in male and female rats and decrease in locomotor activity, irregular respiration, prone position and drastic worsening was observed in female rat.

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence):

When treated with 500 mg/kg/day, 3 female rat were died.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

When treated with 500 mg/kg/day, restrained body weight gain was noted in male rats.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

A decrease in food consumption was noted on day 8 in 500 mg/Kg bw/day male and female rats

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

AT 500 mg/Kg bw/day, a decrease in red blood cell, hemoglobic and hematocrit values was noted in male and female rats

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

An increase in the A/G ration, Pi, K was noted in males and ALT increase was noted in females at 500 mg/Kh bw/day dose. However, a decrease in BUN, TP and CL was noted in male rats at 500 mg/Kg bw/day

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No effects were noted for urianalysis in male and female rats at any of the dose levels.

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

When treated with 500 mg/kg/day, in male rats, relative weight of Brain, Liver and Kidney increased, absolute and relative weight of Testes, Epididymides and absolute weight of Thymus decreased. During recovery, absolute and relative weigh of Testes and Epididymides were decreased in male rats.

In female rats, when treated with 500 mg/kg/day, relative Liver and Spleen weight increased and absolute Thymus weight decreased. During recovery, absolute spleen and kidney weight increased.

Gross pathological findings:

not specified

Neuropathological findings:

not specified

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

In male rats, Squamous hyperplasia, Erosion and Focal inflammatory cell infiltration in the forestomach, Small and soft testes, Small epididymides, Degeneration in seminiferous tubular epithelium in the testes, Decrease in sperm and Cell debris in the epididymides duct and increase in trabecular bone in the femur bone were observed in 500 mg/kg/day treated and in recovery period.

When treated with 100 mg/kg/day, Squamous hyperplasia in the forestomach were observed in male rats.

In female, Squamous hyperplasia, Erosion in the forestomach and an Increase in trabecular bone in the femur bone in 500 mg/kg/day treated and an Increase in trabecular bone in the femur bone in recovery period at mg/Kg/day was noted.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

20 other: mg/kg/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male

Basis for effect level:

other: No effect on survival, clinical signs, body weight and weight gain, food consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights and histopathology

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

100 other: mg/kg/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Basis for effect level:

other: No adverse effect on survival, clinical signs, body weight and weight gain, food consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights and histopathology

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Conclusions:

The no-observed- adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for male rats was considered to be 20 mg/kg/day and NOAEL for female rats was considered to be 100 mg/kg/day when Crl:CD (SD) male and female rat were treated with test substance.

Executive summary:

In a combined repeated dose repro-devp. Screen, Crl:CD (SD) male and female rats were treated with test chemical in the concentration of 0, 20, 100, 500 mg/kg/day orally for 42 days in male rats and 55 days (from 14 days before mating to day 4 of lactation). The animal were fed the diet containing the test chemical daily and were observed for clinical signs, mortality, body weight and food consumtion changes, hematological and urine analysis, organ weight changes and histopathology. When treated with 500 mg/kg/day, Salivation was observed in male and female rats and decrease in locomotor activity, irregular respiration, prone position and drastic worsening was observed in female rat. 3 female rat died at 500 mg/Kg/day. When treated with 500 mg/kg/day, restrained body weight gain was noted in male rats. A decrease in food consumption was noted on day 8 in 500 mg/Kg/day male and female rats. At 500 mg/Kg/day, a decrease in red blood cell, hemoglobic and hematocrit values was noted in male and female rats. An increase in the A/G ration, Pi, K was noted in males and ALT increase was noted in females at 500 mg/Kg/day dose. However, a decrease in BUN, TP and CL was noted in male rats at 500 mg/Kg/day. No effects were noted for urianalysis in male and female rats at any of the dose levels. When treated with 500 mg/kg/day, in male rats, relative weight of Brain, Liver and Kidney increased, absolute and relative weight of Testes, Epididymides and absolute weight of Thymus decreased. During recovery, absolute and relative weigh of Testes and Epididymides were decreased in male rats. In female rats, when treated with 500 mg/kg/day, relative Liver and Spleen weight increased and absolute Thymus weight decreased. During recovery, absolute spleen and kidney weight increased. In male rats, Squamous hyperplasia, Erosion and  Focal inflammatory cell infiltration in the forestomach, Small and soft testes, Small epididymides, Degeneration in seminiferous tubular epithelium in the testes, Decrease in sperm and Cell debris in the epididymides duct and increase in trabecular bone in the femur bone were observed in 500 mg/kg/day treated and in recovery period. When treated with 100 mg/kg/day, Squamous hyperplasia in the forestomach were observed in male rats. In female, Squamous hyperplasia, Erosion in the forestomach and an Increase in trabecular bone in the femur bone in 500 mg/kg/day treated and an Increase in trabecular bone in the femur bone in recovery period at 500 mg/Kg/day was noted. Based on the observations made, the no-observed- adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for male rats was considered to be 20 mg/kg/day and NOAEL for female rats was considered to be 100 mg/kg/day when Crl:CD (SD) male and female rat were treated with test chemical.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

100 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

chronic

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

Data is from K2 source

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity: inhalation, other

Data waiving:

exposure considerations

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Various data available for the test chemical was reviewed to determine the toxic nature of m-nitrobenzoic acid (121-92-6) upon repeated exposure by oral route. The studies are as summarized below:

Repeated dose toxicity: Oral

In a combined repeated dose repro-devp. Screen, Crl:CD (SD) male and female rats were treated with test chemical in the concentration of 0, 20, 100, 500 mg/kg/day orally for 42 days in male rats and 55 days (from 14 days before mating to day 4 of lactation). The animal were fed the diet containing the test chemical daily and were observed for clinical signs, mortality, body weight and food consumtion changes, hematological and urine analysis, organ weight changes and histopathology. When treated with 500 mg/kg/day, Salivation was observed in male and female rats and decrease in locomotor activity, irregular respiration, prone position and drastic worsening was observed in female rat. 3 female rat died at 500 mg/Kg/day. When treated with 500 mg/kg/day, restrained body weight gain was noted in male rats. A decrease in food consumption was noted on day 8 in 500 mg/Kg/day male and female rats. At 500 mg/Kg/day, a decrease in red blood cell, hemoglobic and hematocrit values was noted in male and female rats. An increase in the A/G ration, Pi, K was noted in males and ALT increase was noted in females at 500 mg/Kg/day dose. However, a decrease in BUN, TP and CL was noted in male rats at 500 mg/Kg/day. No effects were noted for urianalysis in male and female rats at any of the dose levels. When treated with 500 mg/kg/day, in male rats, relative weight of Brain, Liver and Kidney increased, absolute and relative weight of Testes, Epididymides and absolute weight of Thymus decreased. During recovery, absolute and relative weigh of Testes and Epididymides were decreased in male rats. In female rats, when treated with 500 mg/kg/day, relative Liver and Spleen weight increased and absolute Thymus weight decreased. During recovery, absolute spleen and kidney weight increased. In male rats, Squamous hyperplasia, Erosion and  Focal inflammatory cell infiltration in the forestomach, Small and soft testes, Small epididymides, Degeneration in seminiferous tubular epithelium in the testes, Decrease in sperm and Cell debris in the epididymides duct and increase in trabecular bone in the femur bone were observed in 500 mg/kg/day treated and in recovery period. When treated with 100 mg/kg/day, Squamous hyperplasia in the forestomach were observed in male rats. In female, Squamous hyperplasia, Erosion in the forestomach and an Increase in trabecular bone in the femur bone in 500 mg/kg/day treated and an Increase in trabecular bone in the femur bone in recovery period at 500 mg/Kg/day was noted. Based on the observations made, the no-observed- adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for male rats was considered to be 20 mg/kg/day and NOAEL for female rats was considered to be 100 mg/kg/day when Crl:CD (SD) male and female rat were treated with test chemical.

 

In a Chronic repeated dose toxicity study, B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated test chemical in the concentrations of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 % ( 0, 208, 417, 833, 1667 and 3333 mg/kg/day) orally. The animals were observed for mortality, changes in body weight and histopathology. No effect was observed on survival and the final body weight of mice at ≥ 833 mg/Kg/day were lower (P<0.05) than that of controls. In addition, no histopathological change was observed in male and female mice when treated up to a dose level of 3333 mg/Kg/day. Based on the observations made, the no-observed- effect-level (NOEL) was considered to be 0.25 % (417 mg/kg/day) when B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with test chemical.

 

In the same study, toxic details for rats were also mentioned. In a Chronic repeated dose toxicity study, F344 male and female rats treated with test chemical in the concentrations of 0, 0.063, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% (0, 31.2, 62.5, 125, 250 or 500 mg/Kg/day) orally for 13 weeks. The animals were observed for mortality, changes in body weight, hematology and clinical chemistry parameters and histopathology. No mortality was noted at any of the studied dose level. Final body weight of rats at 500 mg/Kg/day were lower (P<0.05) than that of controls. Male rats at all dose levels had significantly more Heinz bodies than controls. Methemoglobin concentration in female at 500 mg/Kg/day dose level was significantly increased. Females at 250 and 500 mg/Kg/day dose levels had lower hemocrit values, hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count. Methemoglobin concentration was increased (p<0.05) in females at ≥ 125 mg/Kg/day dose levels. There was a significant decrease in total and free plasma levels of T-4 in males at 250 and 500 mg/Kg/day dose levels. Testicular atrophy was noted at 500 mg/Kg/day in male rats. Based on the observations made, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for male rats is considered to be 125 mg/Kg/day and for female rats the NOAEL is considered to be 62.5 mg/Kg/day when treated with test chemical for 13 weeks.

 

Repeated dose toxicity: Inhalation

According to Annex IX of the REACH regulation, testing by the inhalation route is appropriate only if exposure of humans via inhalation is likely. Taking into account the low vapour pressure of the substance 3-Nitrobenzoic acid (121-92-6) which is reported as 0.0000371 mmHg at 25 C. Thus, exposure to inhalable dust, mist and vapour of the chemical 3-Nitrobenzoic acid (121-92-6) is highly unlikely. Therefore this study is considered for waiver.

Repeated dermal study;

The acute toxicity value for 3-Nitrobenzoic acid (121-92-6) (as provided in section 7.2.3) is >2000 mg/kg body weight. Also, given the use of the chemical; repeated exposure by the dermal route is unlikely since the use of gloves is common practice in industries. Thus, it is expected that 3-Nitrobenzoic acid shall not exhibit 28 day repeated dose toxicity by the dermal route. In addition, there is no data available that suggests that 3-Nitrobenzoic acid shall exhibit repeated dose toxicity by the dermal route. Hence this end point was considered for waiver.

 

Based on the data available for the test chemical, 3-Nitrobenzoic acid (121-92-6) not likely to exhibit toxicity upon repeated exposure by oral, inhalation and dermal route of exposure.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the above annotation and CLP criteria for the test chemical, 3-Nitrobenzoic acid (121-92-6) not likely to exhibit toxicity upon repeated exposure by oral, inhalation and dermal route of exposure.