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EC number: 230-525-2 | CAS number: 7173-51-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 19 Mar, 2008 - 30 Aug, 2008
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- This study result has been assigned a validity of 2, due to the very high concentrations of the test substance used (0.5 g test substance for 1 g soil) causing extrapolations to lower concentrations to be less accurate. (Adsorption is likely to be higher at lower concentrations than suggested by the outcome of this study).
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 106 (Adsorption - Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- batch equilibrium method
- Media:
- soil
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Key result
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- ca. 280 547 L/kg
- % Org. carbon:
- >= 3.29
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil 1
- Key result
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- ca. 120 000 L/kg
- % Org. carbon:
- ca. 2.39
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil 2
- Key result
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- ca. 43 855 L/kg
- % Org. carbon:
- ca. 3.32
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil 3
- Key result
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- ca. 160 882 L/kg
- % Org. carbon:
- ca. 1.36
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil 4
- Key result
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- ca. 40 339 L/kg
- % Org. carbon:
- ca. 4.43
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil 5
- Key result
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- ca. 9 230 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil 1
- Key result
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- ca. 2 868 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil 2
- Key result
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- ca. 1 456 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil 3
- Key result
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- ca. 2 188 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil 4
- Key result
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- ca. 1 787 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil 5
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the average Koc of the test substance was determined to be 129125 L/kg, indicating high adsorption potential and low mobility.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the adsorption / desorption of the read across substance, DDAC (40.37% active) using the batch equilibrium, according to OECD Guideline 106, in compliance with GLP.
The amount adsorbed on soils was calculated from depletion of the test substance in the overlaying solution (indirect method). The soils used were EURO-soil standard numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The soil/solution ratio was 1:50 (1.0 g soil and 50 mL solution). Based on the results of preliminary tests, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 mg/L were selected as nominal concentrations. The concentration of test substance in solution was determined via spectrophotometry. The concentration adsorbed to the soil was then determined by calculation. Under the study conditions, the test substance can be considered as immobile in five soil types. The adsorption mobility (Kaoc) and desorption mobility (Kdoc) coefficients were in the range 40339 to 280547 L/kg and 53883 to 232426 L/kg respectively. Based on the Kd values and organic carbon percentage, the respective Koc values were determined as follows:
Soil type
% Organic carbon
CEC
(mval/100g)
Adsorption
Desorption
Ka
1/na
KaOC
Kd
1/nd
KdOC
Ka/Kd
Euro soil 1: clay
3.29
32.4
9230
0.4447
280547
3718
0.8048
113009
2.48
Euro soil 2: silt loam
28.9
28.9
2868
0.5715
120000
4237
0.7288
177280
0.68
Euro soil 3: loam
16.6
16.6
1456
0.4739
43855
2117
0.6390
63765
0.69
Euro soil 4: silt
17.3
17.3
2188
0.6248
160882
3161
0.6386
232426
0.69
5: loamy sand
24.1
24.1
1787
0.4582
40339
2387
0.5815
53883
0.75
Kaoc = Adsorption coefficient; Kaoc = Adsorption coefficient based on organic carbon content; Kd=Desorption coefficient; Kdoc = Desorption coefficient based on organic carbon content; Ka/Kd = Adsorption / Desorption distribution coefficient
The 1/n values indicate that a non-linear relationship exists between the concentrations in soil and the concentrations the water. DDAC adsorbs strongly onto soil and does not desorb very easily for all soil types (2-3%). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the substance is immobile in soil (Geffke, 2002). It is well known that, because of their positive charge, cationic surfactants adsorb strongly to the negatively charged surfaces of sludge, soil and sediments. The average Koc is 129125 L/kg.
Reference
Preliminary studies confirmed that there was no adsorption
to the apparatus or filter material and stability of the
test item in the pH range of selected soils. A preliminary
mass balance showed recoveries of ca. 90 %. Therefore, both
aqueous and soil phase were analysed in the definitive study.
Based on the results of preliminary tests 100, 500, 1000,
5000 and 10000 mg/L were selected as nominal test substance
concentrations for adsorption/desorption isotherms for all
tested soils. The concentrations of the test substance were
determined in CaCl2 solution via spectrophotometry after
formation of an ion pair with an azo dye and subsequent
extraction. The concentration adsorbed to soil was then
determined by calculation.
Under the test conditions didecyldimethylammonium chloride
(DDAC) demonstrated a high tendency to adsorb to the five
test soils. There was no correlation between the degree of
adsorption and the organic carbon content of the soil. This
suggest that other mechanisms were involved in the
adsorption of DDAC (e.g. interactions with the inorganic matter of the
soil).
Desorption was also very low (3 - 23 %). For ail
soils and test concentrations, the mass balance was < 90 %.
This could be caused by non-extractable residues which means
irreversible adsorption.
Therefore, on the basis of these results, DDAC can be considered
immobile in soil.
Freundlich (Kads(F) isotherm for adsorption:
Euro log 1/n r^2
soil Kads(F)
____________________________
1 3.9652 0.4447 0.9947
2 3.4576 0.5715 0.9855
3 3.1632 0.4739 0.9528
4 3.3400 0.6248 0.9738
5 3.2521 0.4582 0.9651
Freundlich (Kdes(F) isotherm for desorption:
Euro log 1/n r^2
soil Kdes(F)
_____________________________
1 3.5703 0.8048 0.9920
2 3.6271 0.7288 0.9947
3 3.3257 0.6390 0.9753
4 3.4998 0.6386 0.9851
5 3.3779 0.5815 0.9848
Desorption coefficient Kdes and Freundlich desorption
coefficient Fdes(F):
Soil 1 soil 2 soil 3 soil 4 soil 5
________________________________________________
%desorption 3 11 23 18 15
Kdes 1900 414 175 232 295
Fdes(F) 3718 4237 2117 3161 2387
Description of key information
Based on the study results, the test substance is expected to have little or no potential for mobility in soil.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Koc at 20 °C:
- 562 314
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the adsorption / desorption of the test substance, DDAC (40.37% active) using the batch equilibrium, according to OECD Guideline 106, in compliance with GLP.
The amount adsorbed on soils was calculated from depletion of the test substance in the overlaying solution (indirect method). The soils used were EURO-soil standard numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The soil/solution ratio was 1:50 (1.0 g soil and 50 mL solution). Based on the results of preliminary tests, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 mg/L were selected as nominal concentrations. The concentration of test substance in solution was determined via spectrophotometry. The concentration adsorbed to the soil was then determined by calculation. Under the study conditions, the test substance can be considered as immobile in five soil types. The adsorption mobility (Kaoc) and desorption mobility (Kdoc) coefficients were in the range 40339 to 280547 L/kg and 53883 to 232426 L/kg respectively. Based on the Kd values and organic carbon percentage, the respective Koc values were determined as follows:
Soil type |
% Organic carbon |
CEC (mval/100g) |
Adsorption |
Desorption |
|
||||
Ka |
1/na |
KaOC |
Kd |
1/nd |
KdOC |
Ka/Kd |
|||
Euro soil 1: clay |
3.29 |
32.4 |
9230 |
0.4447 |
280547 |
3718 |
0.8048 |
113009 |
2.48 |
Euro soil 2: silt loam |
28.9 |
28.9 |
2868
|
0.5715
|
120000
|
4237
|
0.7288
|
177280
|
0.68
|
Euro soil 3: loam |
16.6 |
16.6 |
1456
|
0.4739
|
43855
|
2117
|
0.6390
|
63765
|
0.69
|
Euro soil 4: silt |
17.3 |
17.3 |
2188
|
0.6248
|
160882
|
3161
|
0.6386
|
232426
|
0.69
|
5: loamy sand |
24.1 |
24.1 |
1787 |
0.4582 |
40339 |
2387 |
0.5815 |
53883 |
0.75 |
Kaoc = Adsorption coefficient; Kaoc = Adsorption coefficient based on organic carbon content; Kd=Desorption coefficient; Kdoc = Desorption coefficient based on organic carbon content; Ka/Kd = Adsorption / Desorption distribution coefficient
The 1/n values indicate that a non-linear relationship exists between the concentrations in soil and the concentrations the water. DDAC adsorbs strongly onto soil and does not desorb very easily for all soil types (2-3%). It is well known that, because of their positive charge, cationic surfactants adsorb strongly to the negatively charged surfaces of sludge, soil and sediments. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the substance is immobile in soil (Geffke, 2002). The average Koc was determined to be 129125 L/kg.
Further, the DDAC biocides assessment report for Product Type 8 conducted under Directive 98/8/EC (evaluating Competent Authority: Italy, June 2015, attached in Section 13 of the IUCLID dataset), presented an additional study on DDAC, apart from the above EQC study (Geffke, 2002). In this study, DDAC was found to be immobile in in four soil/sediment types with the adsorption (Ka) and mobility (Kaoc) coefficients of Ka=1.095 and Kaoc=437805 for sand, Ka=8179 and Kaoc=908757 for sandy loam, Ka=32.791 and Kaoc=1599564 for silty clay loam, and Ka=30851 and Kaoc=1469081 for silt loam. The desorption (Kd) and mobility (Kdoc) coefficients are following reported: Kd=591 and Kdoc=236473 for sand, Kd=2074 and Kdoc=230498 for sandy loam, Kd=8309 and Kdoc=405328 for silty clay loam, and Kd=7714 and Kdoc=367334 for silt loam. The average Koc is 1103801 L/kg.
The RMS further stated that:“Based on the conclusion of the Ad-hoc follow up on ATMAC/TMAC (PT 8) (opinion of the ENV WG on the Koc to be used for the risk assessment) the koc value to be used for risk assessment is the mean Koc from the both studies available. The Koc value is 562314 L/Kg.”
In general, for quaternary ammonium compounds there is no relationship between the values of Kd and the OC-content of the soils. This confirms that organic carbon content alone is not a suitable normalization basis for charged organic substances (Droge & Goss 2013). When comparing the sorption data per soil, no consistent variation of the Kd–values with the different soils can be discerned. Nevertheless, in line with the biocides assessment report, the higher mean Koc value of 562314 L/kg, which was derived based on both the available studies on DDAC for all soil types, has been considered further for hazard/risk assessment as a worst case.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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