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EC number: 205-440-9 | CAS number: 140-90-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Guideline study. SEX readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of SEX.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Chlorella pyrenoidosa
- Details on test organisms:
- SPECIES #
(NAME): 426 Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green Algae)
AGE: NR NR
LIFE STAGE: not reported, unknown
COMMENT: 10E+8 CELLS/100 ML - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 90 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 8.7 ± 0.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- NR
- Salinity:
- NR
- Details on test conditions:
- The test was carried out in sealed flasks to prevent evaporation of CS2.
The medium contained major salts, urea, Ca-glycerophosphate, dextrose and trace elements. The complete composition of the test medium is given in Van Leeuwen and Maas, Environ. Pollution A37: 105-115 (1985).
The starting density of the cells was 1E5 cells/mL. The volume of test medium was 100 mL per flask. The medium was shaken under fluorescent light (7.5 W/m2). - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 39.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 39.8 mg/l. (21 x 144.19) /76.13 =39.8 mg/l
- Details on results:
- SEX readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of SEX.
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 39.8 mg/l. (21 x 144.19) /76.13 =39.8 mg/l - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- no data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 96-h EC50 of CS2 for the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa in sealed flasks was 21 mg/L, based on the inhibition of growth rate.
SEX readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of SEX.
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 39.8 mg/l. (21 x 144.19) /76.13 =39.8 mg/l - Executive summary:
SEX readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of SEX.
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 39.8 mg/l. (21 x 144.19) /76.13 =39.8 mg/l
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction:US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: QSAR model
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- ECOSAR Program(v1.00)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: QSAR model
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Test type:
- other: QSAR model
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- pH:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Salinity:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Details on test conditions:
- SMILES : S=C([S-])OCC.[Na+]
CHEM : Carbonodithioic acid, o-ethyl ester, sodium salt
MOL FOR: C3 H5 O1 S2 Na1
MOL WT : 144.18
Log Kow: 0.87 (used)
Wat Sol: 1.79E+004 mg/L (WskowWin estimate) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 129.387 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 40.934 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOEC cited as a ChV value
- Details on results:
- Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 = 129.387 mg/L (ppm)
Green Algae, 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value = 40.934 mg/L(ppm) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Conclusions:
- Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 = 129.387 mg/L (ppm)
Green Algae, 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value = 40.934 mg/L(ppm) - Executive summary:
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 40.934 mg/L (ppm) Green Algae.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 value would to be 129.387 mg/L (ppm) for Green Algae.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1996
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Ethanol/ Ethyl Alcohol is both reagents used in the manufacture of sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate . Therefore, Ethanol/ Ethyl Alcohol need to be considered in the assessment of sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see text below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method followed the basic principles of an OECD 201 guideline but there was no detail on the medium used (just a cross reference to an unavailable test method) and no data on initial cell density used.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: not described - Test organisms (species):
- Chlorella vulgaris
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: Chlorella vulgaris
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Isolated from Lake Geneva in 1980
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): no data
- Method of cultivation: Axenic using Algal assay Procedure (1971) medium with 15 mg/l NaHCO3 and 12 mg/l K2HPO4 in 500 ml flasks containing 250 ml algal suspension. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 5 d
- Test temperature:
- 21 +/- 1 deg C
- pH:
- Water chemistry (pH) on test: Not described.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Test design: Ethanol was tested three times at each concentration (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1% v/v).
Method of calculating mean measured concentrations: Only nominal concentrations were used. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 20 x 125 mm test tubes containing 20 ml of suspension, medium and ethanol.
- Type: closed
- Initial cells density: Initial chlorophyll content standardised at 5ug/l
- Control end cells density: Final chlorophyll content approx 290ug/l
- Cell density at each flask/each measuring point: Not given but chlorophyll measurements available in graphical form
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 Tubes per test concentration were used including for control.
- Aeration: no
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used: Algal assay Procedure (1971) medium with 15 mg/l NaHCO3 and 12 mg/l K2HPO4.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light intensity and quality: continuous illumination at 100 microE/m^2-sec except when reduced to 1.5 microE/m^2-sec 20 min before and during measurement of chlorophyll content by fluorescence.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Measurements made daily
- Determination of cell concentrations: fluorimeter: Turner model 111 equipped with a blue light source, blue excitation and red emission filters.
- Chlorophyll measurement: Yes with calibration curves prepared to correlate fluorescence and chlorophyll measurements in ug/l. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 86 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on graphical extrapolation of results.
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 675 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on graphical interpolation of results.
- Duration:
- 3 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 11.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on graphical extrapolation of results.
- Duration:
- 3 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 275 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on graphical extrapolation of results.
- Duration:
- 3 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 14 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on graphical extrapolation of results.
- Duration:
- 3 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 36 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Sodium ethyl xanthate
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: On a molecular weight scaled basis, theEC10 would be 36 mg/l. (11.5 x 144.19) /46.07=36mg/l
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes, up to day 3, then started to flatten out.
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
- Cells removed before measurement: cells were not removed.
Biological observations:
- +Growth curves: Chlorophyll content plotted over time for each concentration, including control.
- Percent biomass/growth rate inhibition per concentration
- Tabulated observations at 394, 789, 1580, 3950 and 7890 mg/l, the growth inhibition was 37%, 54%, 69%, 86% and 95% respectively on day 4 (no data on confidence intervals.)
- Information obtained from graphical presentation at day 3 (when controls still in exponential growth) , inhibition - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- controls in exponential growth at day 3, control growth >16x.
- Conclusions:
- A 3d EC10 of 11.5 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance (Ethyl Alcohol ) on growth rate effect of the Chlorella vulgaris .
Ethyl Alcohol is both reagents used in the manufacture, as well as decomposition products of xanthates
On a molecular weight scaled basis, theEC10 would be 36 mg/l. (11.5 x 144.19) /46.07=36mg/l - Executive summary:
In a study which followed the basic principles of a guideline study, the green algae Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to ethanol at sufficient concentrations to enable an EC50 to be established. Exposure was carried out over 5 days with daily measurements of growth characterised by chlorophyll measurement. The dose response curve obtained was very shallow. The four day data presented showed some evidence that the control had passed the exponential growth phase. Basing the results on the 3 day measurements when exponential growth was still clearly evident, ethanol showed slight toxicity to this species. The results are shown below.
Synopsis
EC10 (72hr) = 11.5mg/l
EC50 (72hr) = 275mg/l
On a molecular weight scaled basis, theEC10 would be 36 mg/l. (11.5 x 144.19) /46.07=36mg/l
Referenceopen allclose all
Overview of QSARs estimations on aquatic toxicity of
SEX
to Green algae
Method
|
Results |
Remarks |
Reference |
QSAR estimate |
Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 = 129.387 mg/L (ppm) Green Algae, 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value = 40.934 mg/L(ppm)
|
Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data |
ECOSAR Program (v1.00) |
Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 = 129.387 mg/L (ppm)
Green Algae, 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value = 40.934 mg/L(ppm)
Growth was significantly inhibited (p=0.05) at all concentrations of ethanol and showed a VERY shallow dose response curve. A linear curve could be fitted to a plot of the data with a log transformation of the concentration (R>0.99) allowing very reliable interpolation and reasonably reliable extrapolation. Fitted curve for the 4 day data was:
% inhibition = 19.42 x LN (concentration) + 57.6
A similar curve could be fitted to the 3 day data with the following parameters
% inhibition = 12.64 x LN (concentration) + 66.4 (R>0.99)
The EC50 and EC10 values quoted above are calculated with these functions.
Description of key information
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 40.934 mg/L (ppm) Green Algae.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 value would to be 129.387 mg/L (ppm) for Green Algae.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 129.934 mg/L
- EC50 for marine water algae:
- 13 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 40.934 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae:
- 4.09 mg/L
Additional information
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 40.934 mg/L (ppm) Green Algae.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 value would to be 129.387 mg/L (ppm) forGreen Algae.
The available data for saltwater algae and cyanobacteria are limited and to obtaine the value for PNECs for saltwaters is taken account a assesment factor 10 to extrapolate to LC50 following the “Guidance on Information Requirement and Chemical Safety Assessment R.10: Characterisation of dose [concentration]- response for environment”and “Table R.10-5 Assessment factors proposed for deriving PNEC water for saltwater for different data sets”, to account for the possibility that greater taxonomic diversity in the marine environment makes it likely that some marine taxa may be more sensitive than the most sensitive freshwater taxa
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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