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EC number: 279-349-8 | CAS number: 79916-07-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- data from peer reviewed journals
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Acute exposure to Rhodamine B
- Author:
- Daniel J. Dire & Joseph A. Wilkinson
- Year:
- 1 987
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology, 25:7, 603-607; 1987
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Eye irritation potential of rhodamine B was assessed by exposing the individuals through acute inhalation route.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-3,6-bis(diethylamino)xanthylium chloride
- EC Number:
- 201-383-9
- EC Name:
- 9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-3,6-bis(diethylamino)xanthylium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 81-88-9
- Molecular formula:
- C28H31N2O3.Cl
- IUPAC Name:
- 9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-3,6-bis(diethylamino)xanthenium chloride
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Rhodamine B
- Molecular formula : C28H31N2O3.Cl
- Molecular weight : 479.017 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Rhodamine B
- Molecular formula : C28H31N2O3.Cl
- Molecular weight : 479.017 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- human
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Age at study initiation: 16 males of mean age 39 years (25-50) and one female 40 year old.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 4530000 mg
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 26 min
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 24hrs
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- no data available
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 17 individuals
- Details on study design:
- Not applicable
Results and discussion
In vitro
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- no data available
In vivo
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Burning of the eyes (82%), excessive tearing (47%), nasal burning (41%), nasal itching (35%), chest pain/tightness (35%), rhinorhea (29%), cough (29%), dyspnea (29%), burning of the throat (24%). burning/ pruritic skin (24%), chest burning (12%), headache (6%), and nausea (6%).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- 14 patients indicated 82 % eye irritation at the dose of approx (4.53kg) 4530000mg of dose indicating Rhodamine B to be irritating to eyes.
Acute exposure to Rhodamine B caused irritation to the eyes of humans. - Executive summary:
The study reports the evaluation of 17 patients who were exposed to aerosolized Rhodamine B.
Approximately 10 lbs =(4.53kg) 4530000mg of Rhodamine B powder was spilled onto the floor of a vehicle maintenance shop. A cleanup crew began to sweep up the powder from the floor . This resulted in an aerosol of Rhodamine B dust that dispersed throughout the building contaminating the hair , skin, eyes, and clothing of most of the shop employees.
Sixteen o f the patients (94%) complained of symptoms such as redness, burning sensation..etc. One patient (6%) denied any symptoms despite being exposed to the dust for 15 minutes without a surgical mask. The most frequently reported symptom was burning o f the eyes which occurred in 82% of the patients . Four of the patients (24%) were placed on humidified oxygen because of respiratory symptoms. Five of the patients (29%) underwent irrigation of their eyes secondary to eye burning.
After being discharged from the hospital, follow up was maintained. Ten of the patients (59%) reported that their symptoms had resolved within 4 hours of their exposure to the dust. One patient (6%) reported that his symptoms lasted 12 hours and 2 patients (12%) reported their symptoms lasted 24 hours. Three of the patients (18%) could not remember the duration of their symptoms.
Burning of eyes was observed in 82% of the patients. Based on these effects Rhodamine B may be considered as irritating to eyes.
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