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EC number: 224-580-1 | CAS number: 4418-26-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25 - 27 Oct 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Staatliches Gewerbeaufsichtsamt Hildesheim, Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Control, and 100 mg/L (limit concentration)
- Sampling method: At the start of the exposure (0 h), sampling was carried out after preparation of the limit concentration. At the end of the exposure (48 h), samples were taken from additional replicates, which were prepared with test media, but without daphnia. These additional replicates were incubated under test conditions until sampling.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2 °C until the start of the analysis, if necessary. Prepared samples were stored in the autosampler at room temperature until analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The limit concentration (100 mg/L test item weighed out) was freshly prepared with dilution water prior to the start of the exposure (at 0 h)
- Controls: Culture medium without test item incubated under the same conditions as the test group.
- Evidence of undissolved material: The limit concentration was visually clear during the exposure period - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain/clone: Clone 5
- Source: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu), Berlin, Germany
- Age of daphnia at test start: Less than 24 h old.
- Culture conditions: In 2 – 3 L glass vessels with approximately 1.8 L Elendt M4 culture medium, at 20 ± 2 °C, in an incubator, 16 h illumination, light intensity max. 1500 lux.
- Food type: A mix of unicellular green algae, e.g. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus (origin of the food algae: Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG), Göttingen, Germany, cultured at the test facility).
- Amount: 1E+06 cells/mL
- Frequency: The culture daphnia were fed at least 5 times per week ad libitum.
- Feeding during test: no
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES:
Juvenile daphnia were removed from the culture vessels at the latest 24 h before the start of the exposure and discarded. The juveniles born within the following period of max. 24 h preceding the exposure were used for the test. No first brood progeny was used for the test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 168 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 19 - 20 °C
- pH:
- 0 h: 7.82 (control), 7.12 (limit concentration)
48 h: 7.53 - 7.58 (control), 7.51 - 7.53 (limit concentration) - Dissolved oxygen:
- 0 h: 8.98 mg/L (control), 8.88 mg/L (limit concentration)
48 h: 7.35 - 7.83 mg/L (control), 6.94 - 7.83 mg/L (limit concentration) - Conductivity:
- 464 µS/cm (at 0 h)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- control, 100 mg/L (nominal)
< LOQ, 93.5 mg/L (mean of 0 h and 48 h values measured) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: beakers
- Type : Loosely covered with watch glasses.
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Material: glass; Size: 4 (ID) x 7 (H) cm, 50 mL; Fill volume: 20 mL
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dilution water was same as culture medium.
- Culture medium different from test medium: Same as test medium.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Prior to the start of the exposure (0 h), the water quality parameters (i.e. pH-value, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, conductivity and total hardness) of the dilution water wree measured. At the start of the exposure (0 h), the water quality parameters of the fresh media (i.e. pH-value, dissolved oxygen concentration) were measured in one additional replicate (without daphnia) of the limit concentration and the control. At the end of the exposure (48 h), the water quality parameters of the old media were measured in all replicates (containing daphnia) of the limit concentration and the control.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light/ 8 h dark cycle
- Light intensity: Diffuse light, max. 1500 lux.
- Other: 20 g (= 20 mL) test solution per replicate was weighed out into each test vessel. The daphnia were inserted with a small amount of dilution water by a pipette.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
Immobilisation: after 24 and 48 h
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: Control, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L nominal concentration
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes, no effects on the mobility of the daphnia were observed. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Other biological observations: No.
- Mortality of control: 0% - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes, within the valid range 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L, according to OECD 202 (2004).
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 (24 h) = 1.26 mg/L (potassium dichromate), 95% confidence limits = 1.04 - 1.45 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- An EC50-value was calculated for the reference item by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The respective 95% confidence limits wer calculated from the standard error and the t-distributin,. All calculations were carried out from the best-fit values with the software GraphPad Prism5.
Reference
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
The measured concentration in the limit concentration was 94% of the nominal concentation at the start of the exposure (0 h) and 93% of the nominal concentration at the end of the exposure (48 h).
The measured test item concentrations were within ± 20% of the nominal concentration. This indicates that the test item concentration was successfully maintained for the duration of the test.
Therefore, the effect concentrations were based on the nominal concentration of the test item.
BIOLGICAL RESULTS
5% immobility (1 of 20 daphnia) was observed in the nominal limit concentration 100 mg/L of the test item after 48 h. Since the test guidelines accept 10% immobility in the control group and since no other adverse effects were observed in the definitive test and in the range-finding test at the highest tested concentration level, the 5% are considered to be not test item-related.
Description of key information
EC50 (48 h) > 100 mg/L (nominal, limit concentration, D. magna, OECD 202)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
There is one GLP study available investigating the acute toxicity of the substance to aquatic invertebrates according to the OECD guideline 202.
In a static test, Daphnia magna was exposed to a nominal limit concentration of 100 mg/L test item, which was previously established in a preliminary range-finding test, for 48 h. Negative controls were run in parallel. The concentration of the test item was analytically verified by HPLC-DAD at the start and at the end of the exposure (0 and 48 h).
The limit concentration was visually clear throughout the exposure period. The measured concentration of the test item in the limit concentration was 94% of the nominal concentration at the start of the exposure (0 h) and 93% of the nominal concentration at the end of the exposure (48 h). This indicates that the test item concentration was successfully maintained for the duration of the test. Since the measured test item concentrations were within ± 20% of the nominal concentration, the effect concentration is based on the nominal concentration.
After 48 h, 5% immobilization (1 of 20 daphnia) was observed in the limit concentration. However, since the testing guideline accepts 10% immobility in the control group and no other adverse effects were otherwise observed, this finding was not considered test item-related.
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