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EC number: 500-005-2 | CAS number: 9003-35-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: peer reviewed journal
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed journal
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Details on test solutions
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: standard sock solution were prepared in distilled water according to the standard method. Appropriate dilutions of industrial wastewater were then prepared using water from the source of the receiving stream. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia pulex
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: water flea
- Age at study initiation: neonates <24 h old
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: dry yeast solution and algae Scenedesmus quadricauda
- Frequency: three times a week - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.8
- Details on test conditions:
- - Test vessel: 3-L aquariums and beakers
-fill volume: 3L
- Photoperiod: 12 h per day
- Light intensity: 40 W fluorescent lamps 4500 K and a 40WSylvania lamp. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- phenol and formaldehyde
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 2.9 other: v/v%
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 17.2 other: v/v%
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Range: 12.2-24.2
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC90
- Effect conc.:
- 100 other: v/v%
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- Study was conducted to determine median effective concentration of test chemical. Based on the mobility of Daphnia pulex by the test chemical exposure for 48 hrs, the EC10, EC50 and EC90 was determine to be 2.9, 17.2 (Range: 12.2–24.2) and 100 % v/v, respectively.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10, EC50 with 95% confidence limits (f value), EC90 for daphnids were calculated using probit analysis.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Study was conducted to determine median effective concentration of test chemical. Based on the mobility of Daphnia pulex by the test chemical exposure for 48 hrs, the EC10, EC50 and EC90 was determine to be 2.9, 17.2 (Range: 12.2–24.2) and 100 % v/v, respectively.
- Executive summary:
Short term toxicity of test chemical present in industrial wastewater was determine on the mobility of aquatic invertebrates. The toxicity test of test chemical with Daphnia pulex was performed according to the OECD Standard. Toxicity to Daphnia was evaluated by determining the percentage of immobile daphnids following a 48-hr exposure period in test solution. Study also involves the finding out whether the effect of pure phenol and formaldehyde to aquatic organisms was similar to that produced by the mixture of both in the wastewater. Chemical was analytically monitored. Standard sock solution were prepared in distilled water according to the standard method. Appropriate dilutions of industrial wastewater were then prepared using water from the source of the receiving stream. <24 h old neonates were used to test toxicity of test chemical. Daphnids were cultured in 3-L aquariums and beakers were illuminated for 12 hr per day with a pair of 40 W fluorescent lamps 4500 K and a 40WSylvania lamp. During this period, they were fed with dry yeast solution and algae Scenedesmus quadricauda three times a week. The pH and dissolved oxygen were measured daily. Based on the mobility of Daphnia pulex by the test chemical exposure for 48 hrs, the EC10, EC50 and EC90 was determine to be 2.9, 17.2 (Range: 12.2–24.2) and 100 % v/v, respectively.
On the basis of above effect concentration (EC50) test material was considered to be not classified for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate.
Reference
Table: Toxicity of phenol and formaldehyde to Daphnia pulex
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Phenol (mg/L) | Formaldehyde (mg/L) |
48h EC10 | 4.1 | 1.9 |
48h EC50 (conf. limit) | 25.0 (19.4–32.2) | 5.8 (4.3–7.8) |
48h EC90 | 150.0 | 16.5 |
Description of key information
Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate:
Study was conducted to determine median effective concentration of test chemical. Based on the mobility of Daphnia pulex by the test chemical exposure for 48 hrs, the EC10, EC50 and EC90 was determine to be 2.9, 17.2 (Range: 12.2–24.2) and 100 % v/v, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate:
Based on the various experimental data for the target chemical study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of target chemical test material on the mobility of aquatic invertebrates. The studies are as mentioned below:
Short term toxicity of test chemical present in industrial wastewater was determine on the mobility of aquatic invertebrates. The toxicity test of test chemical with Daphnia pulex was performed according to the OECD Standard. Toxicity to Daphnia was evaluated by determining the percentage of immobile daphnids following a 48-hr exposure period in test solution. Study also involves the finding out whether the effect of pure phenol and formaldehyde to aquatic organisms was similar to that produced by the mixture of both in the wastewater. Chemical was analytically monitored. Standard sock solution were prepared in distilled water according to the standard method. Appropriate dilutions of industrial wastewater were then prepared using water from the source of the receiving stream. <24 h old neonates were used to test toxicity of test chemical. Daphnids were cultured in 3-L aquariums and beakers were illuminated for 12 hr per day with a pair of 40 W fluorescent lamps 4500 K and a 40WSylvania lamp. During this period, they were fed with dry yeast solution and algae Scenedesmus quadricauda three times a week. The pH and dissolved oxygen were measured daily. Based on the mobility of Daphnia pulex by the test chemical exposure for 48 hrs, the EC10, EC50 and EC90 was determine to be 2.9, 17.2 (Range: 12.2–24.2) and 100 % v/v, respectively. On the basis of above effect concentration (EC50) test material was considered to be not classified for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate.
The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of test chemical present in industrial wastewater on the aquatic invertebrates Daphnia pulex by providing the exposure period of 48 hrs. The untreated wastewater samples from a chemical industry producing test chemical were taken at the site of wastewater discharge into the river. The 24 h flow proportional wastewater samples were collected and transported to the laboratory in coolers with icepacks. The samples were stored in the dark at 4°C for analyses performed within three days, or frozen at –18°C until use. All wastewater samples were used for testing without any pre-treatment. Daphnids were cultured at 21 ± 1°C in 3-L aquariums containing 2.5 L of modified M4 medium and illuminated with fluorescent lamps for 12 h per day at a light intensity of approximately 1800 lux. The test animals were exposed with different concentrations of test chemicals. After the exposure of test chemical mobility of test organism were measured by Probit analysis. Based on the mobility of Daphnia pulex by the test chemical exposure for 48 hrs. The median effect concentration (EC50) of test material on Daphnia pulex was observed to be 17.3 v/v% (range: 13.2–22.7v/v%). Based on EC50 value and as chemical readily biodegradable in water thus we concluded that chemical was consider as nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
Hence, on the basis of median effect concentration of test material on daphnia we can consider that the test chemical has no toxic effect on aquatic invertebrates.
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