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EC number: 231-820-9 | CAS number: 7757-82-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
- Assimilative sulfate reduction: sulfate (SO42-) is reduced to organic sulfhydryl groups (R-SH) by plants, fungi and various prokaryotes.
- Desulfuration: organic molecules containing sulfur can be desulfurated, producing hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S).
- Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide produces elemental sulfur (So). This reaction is done by the photosynthetic green and purple sulfur bacteria and some chemolithotrophs.
- Further oxidation of elemental sulfur by sulfur oxidizers produces sulfate.
- Dissimilative sulfur reduction: elemental sulfur can be reduced to hydrogen sulfide.
- Dissimilative sulfate reduction: sulfate reducers generate hydrogen sulfide from sulfate.
Microbes play pivotal roles in the Sulfur cycle. In the case of sulfate:
Sulfate provides microorganisms with the possibility of carrying out sulfate reduction to derive their energy. Sulfate is used as an electron acceptor to form sulfide (H2S) this is a process known as dissimilatory reduction and this occurs anaerobically. Alternatively reduction of sulphate for use in amino acid syntheses for example can also occur and is known as assimilatory reduction forming organic sulfur. Other microorganisms reduce the elemental sulphur further still. Sulphite is also a critical intermediate that can be reduced to sulfide as well as oxidized back to sulphate completing the cycle.
Some Species commonly associated with these steps are:
Aerobic sulfur oxidation - occurs in Thiobacillus Beggiatoa and Thiothrix sp
Anaerobic sulfur oxidation - occurs in Chlorobium and Chromatum and Desulfovibria sp
Sulfur reduction - occurs in Alteromonas,Clostridium sp
Summary written using data obtained from (The sulphur Cycle Microbiology Prescott Harley and Klein 1996)
A schematic representation of the sulfur cycle can be found on (http://www.lenntech.com/sulfur-cycle.htm).
From Source: SODIUM SULPHATE CAS N°: 7757-82-6 OECD SIDS April 2005
Sodium sulfate may be used as an electron acceptor in anaerobic sulfate reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria. Sulfate is converted to (hydrogen)sulfide (Greben,et al.,2000 and Henryet al.,2000).
In the presence of organic substances sodium sulfate is reduced as described in the following reactions:
Sugar: C12H22O11+ 5 H2O + 4 SO42 - >>> 4CO2+ 8 H2+ 4 HS-+ 8 HCO3-+ 4 H+
8 H2+ 2 SO42-+ 2 H+>>>>2 HS-+ 8 H2O
C12H22O11+ 8 H2SO4 >>>8S + 12 H2CO3+ 7 H2O
Ethanol: 2 C2H5OH + 3 SO42- >>>3HS-+ 3 HCO3-+ 3 H2O + CO2
C2H5OH + H2SO4 >>> 2S + 2 H2CO3+ 3 H2O
The sulfur cycle (College of Biological sciences, 2003):
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