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EC number: 215-200-5 | CAS number: 1312-81-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- other: case report
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Significance and origin of the reported findings remain unclear.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Rare Earth Pneumoconiosis
- Author:
- Husain HM, Dick JA, Kaplan YS
- Year:
- 1 980
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Soc. Occup. Med., 30, 15-19
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- clinical case study
- Endpoint addressed:
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Report of the results of a routine chest Radiograph of an emplyee who was involved in the handling of rare earth concentrate.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Rare earth concentrate (with several other components)
- IUPAC Name:
- Rare earth concentrate (with several other components)
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Rare earth concentrate
- Composition:
- rare earth oxides: 60%
- Calcium oxide: 9%
- fluorine: 6%
- barium sulphate: 1.1%
- silicon dioxide: 1.0%
- other oxides (Mn, Sr etc): 0.9%
- Iron oxide: 0.6%
- magnesium oxide: 0.3%
- water: 0.1%
- traces of thoriumoxide.
The rare earth oxide fraction was reported to have the following composition:
- Cerium: 50%
- Lanthanum 31.1%
- Neodymium: 12.9%
- Praseodymium: 5.0%
-Samarium: 0.62%
- Gadolinium: 0.2%
- Europium: 0.11 %
- Yitrium: 0.05%
other: 0.02%
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 2
- Sex: male
- Age: 34, other persons age not given
- Race: not stated
- Demographic information: one other occupation 18 months in building, 10 years in the rare earth production process
- Known diseases: none
- Other: did not follow hygiene advice - Ethical approval:
- not applicable
- Route of exposure:
- inhalation
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional, occupational
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- Employment for over 10 years in a dry process involving handling of rare earth concentrate. The work atmosphere is described as containing dust particles deposited onto machines and circulating in the air. Exposure not quatified.
- Examinations:
- Repiratory function tests:
Vital capacity
FEV1
Inspiratory reserve volume
Tidal volume
Expiratoty reserve volume
Residual volume
Total lung capacity
Chest X-ray
clincal chemical blood analysis: calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, urea, electrolytes, serum proteins. - Medical treatment:
- none
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- All lung function parameters were normal and no other clinical signs were observed.
No changes in the clincal chemistry blood parameters were observed. - Results of examinations:
- All lung function parameters of both subjects were normal.
Chest radiography of one worker was normal, while one showed the following findings:
Discrete nodular shadowing in particular in the middle zones of each lung. The nodules were opaque and the authors conclude that the apparance was consitent with occupational dust exposure classified as category 22Q according to ILO 1971. Another chest radiograph taken 11 months later showed essentially the same findings without any indication of change. No firm conclusions could be drawn on the significance of the radiological findings and their origin.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- One case of a chest x-ray aparently showing dust deposits in the lung without an impairment of lung fuction, clincal chemistry parameters and other clincal signs was described in a worker occupationally handling rare earth concentrates for more than 10 years. Another worker with comparable work history had a normal chest x-ray result. Exposure was to a mixture of metal and other inorganic components, but the level of exposure was not determined. No causal relationship to lanthanium oxide expsoure can be established from this study.
- Executive summary:
One case of a chest x-ray aparently showing dust deposits in the lung without an impairment of lung fuction, clincal chemistry parameters and other clincal signs was described in a worker occupationally handling rare earth concentrates for more than 10 years. Another worker with comparable work history had a normal chest x-ray result. Exposure was to a mixture of metal and other inorganic components, but the level of exposure was not determined. No causal relationship to lanthanium oxide expsoure can be established from this study.
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