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EC number: 231-784-4 | CAS number: 7727-43-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Carcinogenicity
Administrative data
Description of key information
According to the NTP study performed 1994, the concentration of 2500 ppm represents a NOAEL for carcinogenicity (corresponding to Ba doses of 60 and 75 mg/kg bw/d to male and female rats, respectively, and 160 and 200 mg/kg bw/d to male and female mice, respectively). Based on this value the NOAEL for BaSO4 is calculated at 102 mg/kg bw/day.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Justification for classification or non-classification
There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity (showing no chemical related increase of malignant or benign neoplasms) of barium chloride in both sexes of rats and mice that received 500, 1250, and 2500 ppm. Thus, the concentration of 2500 ppm represents a NOAEL (corresponding to barium doses of 60 and 75 mg/kg bw/d to male and female rats, respectively, and 160 and 200 mg/kg bw/d to male and female mice, respectively). No classification of the substance as CMR substance is required.
Additional information
Read across barium chloride to barium sulfate:
The toxicity of barium sulfate and barium chloride may reasonably be considered to be determined by availability of Ba2+cations. As a first surrogate for bioavailability, the water solubility of a test substance may be used. Barium chloride is highly water soluble with ca. 375 g/L at pH ca. 6.5 (pH of artificial sweat solution), whereas barium sulfate is poorly soluble (3.1 mg/L at pH 9). Hence, any read across from barium chloride to barium sulfate is inherently very conservative.
Carcinogenicity, oral:
In a 2-year carcinogenicity study (NTP, 1994) groups of 60 male and 60 female F334/N rats received barium chloride dihydrate in drinking water at concentrations of 0, 500, 1250, and 2500 ppm (corresponding to the average daily dose of 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg Ba/kg bw to males and 0, 15, 45, and 75 mg Ba/kg bw to females). In the same study groups of 60 male and 60 female B6C3F1 mice received BaCl2·2H2O in drinking water at concentrations of 0, 500, 1250, and 2500 ppm (corresponding to the average daily dose of 0, 30, 75, and 160 mg Ba/kg bw to males and 0, 40, 90, and 200 mg Ba/kg bw to females).
In rats, there was no treatment-related effect on survival. At the end of 2 years, there were no increased incidences of neoplasms or nonneoplastic lesions in rats that could be related to the test substance. However, there was dose-related decreased incidence of adrenal medulla pheochromocytoma and mononuclear cell leukemia in male rats. In mice, survival and final mean body weights of male and female mice receiving 2500 ppm were significantly lower than those of controls. No increased incidence of neoplasms was observed in exposed mice. The incidence of nephropathy and lymphoid depletion were significantly increased in male and female groups receiving 2500 ppm. In addition, the relative and absolute spleen weights were lower in these groups than in controls.
In conclusion, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity (showing no chemical related increase of malignant or benign neoplasms) of barium chloride in both sexes of rats and mice that received 500, 1250, and 2500 ppm. Thus, the concentration of 2500 ppm represents a NOAEL (corresponding to barium doses of 60 and 75 mg/kg bw/d to male and female rats, respectively, and 160 and 200 mg/kg bw/d to male and female mice, respectively).
Carcinogenicity, dermal:
It can be stated that the systemic availability of barium sulfate following dermal exposure is approx 1% (following HERAG fact sheet - assessment of occupational dermal exposure and dermal absorption for metals and inorganic metal compounds; EBRC Consulting GmbH / Hannover /Germany; August 2007). No adverse health effects were observed in 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity studies at the limit dose, indicating an absence of systemic toxicity. Furthermore, barium sulfate is void of genetic toxicity. Therefore, the conduct of a carcinogenicity study via the dermal route is considered dispensable.
Carcinogenicity, inhalation:
Exposure of barium sulfate via inhalation leads only to Baritosis in humans which were exposed to significant concentrations. Baritosis does not produce any symptoms, abnormal physical signs, incapacity for work, interference with lung function, nor liability to develop pulmonary of bronchial infection or other thoracic disease. Therefore, and in accordance with regulation (EC) 1907/2006 Annex X column 2 no testing proposal for a carcinogenicity study is included into the registration dossier of barium sulfate. The substance is neither classified as mutagen category 1 -3 nor there is evidence from the repeated dose studies that the substance is able to induce hyperplasia and / or preneoplastic lesions.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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