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EC number: 203-585-2 | CAS number: 108-46-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Resorcinol is slightly too severely irritating to the skin and severely irritating to eyes when administered in a dissolved and semi-solid state. No information was available on respiratory irritation, but based on irritation effects observed on the skin and eyes of experimental animals it is likely that respiratory irritation will also be observed.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline Study; Not GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: FHSLA
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: Federal Hazardous Substances Labeling Act (FHSLA), Federal Register Aug. 12, 1961, p 7333-7341, Part 191 "Hazardous Substances Definitions and Procedural and Interpretative Regulations, Final Order"
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- abraded
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Concentration: 500 mg
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hour(s)
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- The irritation produced by a single contact of each material with the skin was measured by a patch-test technique on the abraded and intact skin bellies of male, albino rabbits, clipped free of fur. One-half of a gram of the material was moistened with physiological saline and applied, under one-inch-square gauze patches to three intact and three abraded areas randomly distributed over the bellies of six male, albino rabbits. The patches were secured in place by adhesive tape and the trunks of the animals were wrapped in impervious plastic films to further secure the patches and retard the evaporation of the chemical. Following a 24-hour period of exposure, during which the rabbits were confined in stocks, the patches were removed and the skin reactions were evaluated on the basis of erythema, edema, and necrosis. The exposed areas were again evaluated after 72 hours. Areas of the skin which were damaged by the material were kept under observation for a maximum period of two weeks.
- Irritation parameter:
- primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Score:
- 4.4
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.03
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 weeks
- Remarks on result:
- other: 48 h value was considered to be the same as the 72 h value as worst case approach
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 weeks
- Remarks on result:
- other: 48 h value was considered to be the same as the 72 h value as worst case approach
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The primary irritation score was calculated to be 4.4 for the Flaked Grade and is considered by the author to no be an irritant. When evaluated in association with EC 1272/2008 (CLP), the substance is considered a Category 2 Irritant.
- Executive summary:
A twenty four-hour, occluded application of flaked and industrial grade resorcinol at 500 mg to the bellies of male albino rabbits (strain not specified) resulted in moderate irritation on intact skin and necrosis on abraded sites with flaked grade resorcinol (Flickinger, 1976 and Koppers Company, 1962; RL=2 (provides basic data)). Industrial grade resorcinol results varied after 24 hours from slight to severe irritation of the intact areas and from severe irritation to necrosis of the abraded areas. After the 14 day recovery period the necrotic areas were either still encrusted or scarred but the other areas were free of any signs of irritation. The primary irritation scores for flaked and industrial grade resorcinol were 4.4 and 5.4, respectively
Reference
Flaked Grade: Not a primary irritant
Evaluation Time (hours)
Effect on skin
Erythema Edema
A. Intact B. Abraded C. intact D. Abraded
24 0.7 2.7*
1.3 3.0*
72 1.2 3.5*
1.5 3.5*
Total 1.9 6.2*
2.8 6.5*
Primary Irritation score [(A+B+C+D)/4]: 4.4
*Based upon necrotic areas being scored 4.0, the maximum
score possible, for both eythema and edema.
The contact of 0. 5 gm of the test material with the intact
and abraded areas of the skin of male, albino rabbits for a
maximum period of 24 hours produced responses, the most
severe of which were: Intact, moderate irritation; Abraded, necrosis; primary
irritation score, 4. 4 for the Flaked Grade.
In general, after 72 hours exposure, the effects of the skin
were more prevalent than at 24 hours following exposure.
After 14 days the necrotic areas were still encrusted or
scarred but other areas were free of any signs of irritation.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline Study; Not GLP
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: FHSLA
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The study was conducted in accordance with Federal Hazardous Substance Labeling Act (FHSLA), Federal Register Aug 12, 1961, p 7333-7341, Part 191 "Hazardous Substances Definitions and Procedural and Interpretative Regulations, Final Order".
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: albino
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Amount applied: 0.1 other: gm
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 72 hour(s)
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- Six male albino rabbits were treated in determining the extent of injury that might be expected following accidental contamination of the eyes with each material. Two to four hours prior to the application of the material upon the cornea and into the conjunctival sac, the eyes were stained with fluorescein to assure the use of undamaged eyes. Since the material was water soluble, the standard test procedure was modified to test both the dissolved material and the semi-solid in its usual state. One tenth of a gram of the material was applied to one eye of each of six rabbits, the six untreated eyes serving as controls. The exposed eyes were not washed following application of the material. The eyes were examined and evaluated at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after treatment for gross damage to the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae, to the iris, and to the cornea. All damaged eyes were examined periodically thereafter for a maximum period of two weeks to evaluate the permanence of the damage and the rate and degree of repair.
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 105
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- There was no significant difference in the response of the eyes of rabbits to Flaked or Industrial Resorcinol. Upon the application of 0.1 gm of either of the test materials into the eyes of male, albino rabbits, the conjunctivae became inflamed, the corneas opaque, and the rabbits gave evidence of marked discomfort. Examination at 24 hours post exposure showed severe conjunctivitis, iritis, corneal opacities occluding most of the iris, and corneal ulcerations. There was almost no perceptible improvement in the condition of the eyes during the observation period and by the 14th-day, all of the exposed eyes revealed kerataconus and pannus formation. The test substance, therefore, is an eye irritant as defined in the regulations pursuant to the FHSLA.
Using Draize methods, a numerical evaluation of the eye injuries at 24, 48 and 72 hours gave a resultant total eye irritation scores of 105, 105 and 105, respectively, with a maximum obtainable score of 110 for each time period. Classified as an eye irritant. - Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The author concluded the substance to be a severe eye irritant. The results were evaluated in association with EC 1272/2008 (CLP) and the substance was determined to be classified corrosive to the eye due to the lack of improvement in the condition of the eyes over the 14 day observation period.
- Executive summary:
Following the FHSLA protocol, six male albino rats were administered 0.1 gram of flaked and industrial grade resorcinol in a dissolved and semi-solid state into one eye with the other eye serving as the control (Flickinger, 1976; Koppers Company, 1962). At administration, the conjunctivae became inflamed, corneas were opaque and discomfort was observed. At 24 hours post exposure, observations included severe conjunctivitis, iritis, corneal opacities occluding most of the iris and corneal ulcerations. There was almost no perceptible improvement in the condition of the eyes during the observation period and by the 14thday, all of the exposed eyes revealed kerataconus and pannus formation. Total eye irritation scores following Draize method were 105/110 at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Resorcinol was concluded to be a severe eye irritant.
Following evaluation based on the criteria in EC 1272/2008 (CLP) the substance was determined to be classified corrosive to the eye due to the lack of improvement in the condition of the eyes over the 14 day observation period.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Additional information
Skin Irritation: Studies in Animals
500 mg resorcinol powder moistened with 0.1 mL water was administered to intact and abraded skin of 6 albino rabbits (strain not specified)(Koppers Company, 1970). The only noted effects were for erythema to both intact and abraded sites at 24 and 72 hours. The irritation is stated to be 0.5/8 with the total mean score equal to 2.0. No other effects were noted for erythema or edema.
A twenty four-hour, occluded application of flaked and industrial grade resorcinol at 500 mg to the bellies of male albino rabbits (strain not specified) resulted in moderate irritation on intact skin and necrosis on abraded sites with flaked grade resorcinol (Flickinger, 1976 and Koppers Company, 1962). Industrial grade resorcinol results varied after 24 hours from slight to severe irritation of the intact areas and from severe irritation to necrosis of the abraded areas. After the 14 day recovery period the necrotic areas were either still encrusted or scarred but the other areas were free of any signs of irritation. The primary irritation scores for flaked and industrial grade resorcinol were 4.4 and 5.4, respectively.
In an OECD TG 404 study, resorcinol was applied to New Zealand White rabbits for four hours at doses of 0.5 mL prepared from a concentration of 2.5%(w/w) in vehicle under semi-occlusive conditions (CIT, 2006). Evaluations were conducted at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours. No cutaneous reactions were observed during the study and the substance was considered not irritating.
Eye Irritation: Studies in Animals
Following the FHSLA protocol, six male albino rats were administered 0.1 gram of flaked and industrial grade resorcinol in a dissolved and semi-solid state into one eye with the other eye serving as the control (Flickinger, 1976; Koppers Company, 1962). At administration, the conjunctivae became inflamed, corneas were opaque and discomfort was observed. At 24 hours post exposure, observations included severe conjunctivitis, iritis, corneal opacities occluding most of the iris and corneal ulcerations. There was almost no perceptible improvement in the condition of the eyes during the observation period and by the 14th day, all of the exposed eyes revealed kerataconus and pannus formation. Total eye irritation scores following Draize method were 105/110 at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Resorcinol was concluded to be a severe eye irritant.
Six albino rats were administered 100 mg dry powder resorcinol resulting in mean scores of 56.3, 45.0 and 39.9 out of 110 at 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively (Koppers Company, 1970). Additional details regarding this study were not available.
In a study conducted similar to OECD test guideline 405, a single dose of 0.1 mL of resorcinol at a concentration of 2.5% in water was considered non-irritating after administration to 3 New Zealand White rabbits’ left eyes while the right eyes served as the control (CIT, 2006). Mean scores calculated for each animal over 24, 48 and 72 hours were 0.0, 0.0, and 0.0 for chemosis, iris lesions and corneal opacity, respectively. In the case of redness of the conjunctiva, scores were 0.0, 0.0 and 0.3, respectively.
Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: moderately irritating
Effects on eye irritation: irreversible damage
Effects on respiratory irritation: irritating
Justification for classification or non-classification
Resorcinol is slightly to severely irritating to the skin and severely irritating to eyes when administered in a dissolved and semi-solid state. A twenty four-hour, occluded application of flaked and industrial grade resorcinol at 500 mg to the bellies of male albino rabbits (strain not specified) resulted in moderate irritation on intact skin and necrosis on abraded sites with flaked grade resorcinol.
Resorcinol was concluded to be a severe eye irritant. Following the FHSLA protocol, six male albino rats were administered 0.1 gram of flaked and industrial grade resorcinol in a dissolved and semi-solid state into one eye with the other eye serving as the control. At administration, the conjunctivae became inflamed, corneas were opaque and discomfort was observed. At 24 hours post exposure, observations included severe conjunctivitis, iritis, corneal opacities occluding most of the iris and corneal ulcerations. There was almost no perceptible improvement in the condition of the eyes during the observation period and by the 14th day, all of the exposed eyes revealed kerataconus and pannus formation. Total eye irritation scores following Draize method were 105/110 at 24, 48 and 72 hours.
No information was available on respiratory irritation, but based on irritation effects observed on the skin and eyes of experimental animals it is likely that respiratory irritation will also be observed.
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