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EC number: 203-809-9 | CAS number: 110-86-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- other: case reports
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Anecdotal case reports are not able to be evaluated for reliability
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- other: case reports
- Title:
- Pyridine, Human Toxicity Excerpts
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Year:
- 2 010
- Bibliographic source:
- Hazardous Substances Data Base, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~rQdXG1:1
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- other: case reports
- Endpoint addressed:
- not applicable
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Anecdotal case reports as published in the literature or as reported to government agencies.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Pyridine
- EC Number:
- 203-809-9
- EC Name:
- Pyridine
- Cas Number:
- 110-86-1
- Molecular formula:
- C5H5N
- IUPAC Name:
- pyridine
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not applicable
- Reason of exposure:
- unintentional, occupational
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- May cause CNS depression, irritation of skin and respiratory tract. Large doses may produce GI disturbances, kidney and liver damage.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
... AFTER VAPOR INHALATION ... /SRP: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
DEPRESSION/. SMALL ORAL DOSES (2 TO 3 ML) ... PRODUCE MILD ANOREXIA,
NAUSEA, FATIGUE, AND MENTAL DEPRESSION ... AFTER PROLONGED DAILY ADMIN
HEPATORENAL DAMAGE ... INGESTION OF SEVERAL OUNCES HAS PRODUCED SEVERE
VOMITING, DIARRHEA, HYPERPYREXIA, DELIRIUM, & DEATH ... INGESTION OF
SEVERAL OUNCES ... PRODUCED ... DEATH IN 43 HOURS; AUTOPSY REVEALED
PULMONARY EDEMA AND MEMBRANOUS TRACHEOBRONCHITIS ... .
May cause smarting of the skin and first-degree burns on short exposure;
may cause secondary burns on long exposure.
Clinical symptoms and signs of intoxication include gastrointestinal
disturbance with diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, weakness, headache,
insomnia, and nervousness; at low concentrations, varying degrees of
liver damage occur with centrilobular fatty degeneration, congestion,
and cellular infiltration.Pyridinealso
causes irritation upon contact with mucous membranes, skin, and eyes.
Unusual acute poisoning frompyridinewas
described. A woman was decontaminating a spill for 15-20 min. Symptoms
did not occur for 10 hr & intensified until the third day. Symptoms
included speech disorders & "rather diffused cortical affliction" which
receded after thiamine therapy. Upper respiratory symptoms were not
present at all.
May cause CNS depression, irritation of skin and respiratory tract.
Large doses may produce GI disturbances, kidney and liver damage.
Prolonged exposure topyridinemay
result in liver, heart and kidney damage followed by coma and death.
Most of the effects observed in man have been caused by repeated or
intermittent exposure to the vapor. Clinical symptoms & signs of
intoxication include GI disturbance with diarrhea, abdominal pain &
nausea, weakness, headache, insomnia & nervousness. Exposure less than
those required to produce overt clinical signs may cause varying degrees
of liver damage with central lobular fatty degeneration, congestion &
cellular infiltration; repeated low-level exposures cause cirrhosis. The
kidney is less sensitive topyridine-
induced damage than is the liver. In general,pyridine&
its derivatives cause local irritation on contact with the skin, mucous
membranes & cornea.
... Usingpyridinein clinical
applications for epilepsy, found that 1.85 to 2.46 ml orally caused mild
anorexia, nausea, fatigue, & depression. The highest doses produced
severe emesis, diarrhea, delerium hyperpyrexia, & one death with
profound hepatic & renal damage at some 40 hr after ingestion. Pulmonary
edema & tracheobronchitis (perhaps secondary to aspiration of vomitus)
were also seen at autopsy. ... When ingested,pyridinecan
depress the CNS. Large doses can potentially act as a cardiotoxic agent,
whereas smaller doses were said to stimulate hematopoiesis, resulting in
an increased production of blood platelets. The vapor is irritating to
mucous surfaces, causing ocular & upper respiratory tract irritation.
... The most important effect ofpyridineinhalation
was chronic poisoning, centering upon the liver, kidneys, & bone marrow;
mild symptoms ofpyridineintoxication
can result from exposure at 10 ppm. ... Chronic poisoning with mild
symptoms of CNS injury in workers employed at a plant wherepyridinevapor
concns ranged from 6-12 ppm. ... Despite relatively large amounts ofpyridineused
in industry, reports of injuries due topyridineexposure
are rare. Transient symptoms of overexposure include nausea, headache,
insomnia, nervousness, & low back or abdominal discomfort with urinary
frequency. These transient symptoms, without associated evidence of
liver or kidney damage, have occurred in individuals exposed topyridineconcns
averaging 125 ppm, 4 hr/day for 1-2 wk.
... Central nervous depression; also in man after vapor inhalation.
Small oral dose (2-3 ml) in man produce mild anorexia, nausea, fatigue,
& mental depression, & after prolonged daily admin hepatorenal damage.
... The ingestion of several ounces has produced severe vomiting,
diarrhea, hyperpyrexia, delirium, & death in 43 hr; autopsy revealed
pulmonary edema & membranous tracheobronchitis (due to aspiration).
...Congestion of the epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, lungs, esophagus, &
stomach was reported in a case of accidental swallowing of half a cupful
ofpyridinewhich resulted in
death. This common finding of congestion would indicate thatpyridineis
irritating to mucous membranes of the GI & respiratory systems.
Another case study reported the incident of a 29 yr old man who died
within 2 days of ingesting approx a half cup (about 125 ml) ofpyridineduring
a syphoning accident. Upon admission to a hospital he was treated by the
admin of demulcents (not otherwise described), milk, & brandy,
application of mustard & linseed poultices to his throat & chest, & a
brandy enema which he was reported to have retained. It is not clear
whether this medical intervention was of benefit to this man or possibly
exacerbated an already serious situation.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Ingestion of pyridine may cause central nervous system depression, irritation of skin and respiratory tract. Large doses may produce GI disturbances, kidney and liver damage. Inhalation of pyridine may cause central nervous system depression.
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