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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 915-093-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- insufficient hazard data available (further information necessary)
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- insufficient hazard data available (further information necessary)
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
All PNECs presented herein are expressed in terms of the concentration of tungsten ion, as toxicity is expected to occur from the metal ion. The dissolution of tungsten from tungsten carbide (read-across source substance) of 1% obtained from transformation/dissolution studies was used to estimate the equivalent tungsten concentration contributed from sodium tungstate and to determine if a PNEC needs to be estimated. A PNEC was developed when the tungsten equivalent dose was lower than the recommended limit dose (on a tungsten basis) of the respective ecotoxicity study.
Conclusion on classification
Inorganic metals and metal compound are classified by comparing T/D data generated using the standard protocol (UN GHS, 2007 Annex 10) with toxicity data for the most soluble metal substance as described in the CLP technical guidance (section IV. 5 Application of classification criteria to metals and metal compound) (EU, 2008). In the case of fused tungsten carbide, T/D data for tungsten carbide are compared to the aquatic toxicity reference values derived from read-across to sodium tungstate.
The T/D data are ideally obtained at the pH at which the highest dissolution is expected, within the range defined by the test protocol (pH 5.5-8.5). Inorganic tungsten substances have a higher T/D rate at pH 8.5 than pH 6. Tungsten carbide was tested at pH 6 and pH 8.5 for 24 h, but only pH 6 for the full test T/D test (7 and 28-d testing) (CANMET-MMSL, 2010). The mean amount of W measured (three WC trials were done for 7 and 28-d tests) after 7 and 28 d when WC was tested was 6.33 and 16.7 µg W/L, respectively. In order to conservatively estimate the 7- and 28-d WC dissolution at pH 8.5, a factor of 10 was applied to the pH 6 concentration values to obtain values of 63.3 and 770 µg W/L. This factor is based on the difference between pH 6 and 8.5 results in the 24-h, 7-d, and 28-d tests for tungsten metal powder, which has a similar solubility as tungsten carbide and was tested at both pHs for all tests (CANMET-MMSL, 2010). For tungsten metal, the concentration of dissolved W at pH 8.5 was a maximum of 5.5 times higher than the concentration of dissolved W at pH 6, which supports the use of a factor of 10 for extrapolation from pH 6 to pH 8.5 dissolution for tungsten carbide.
Therefore, the 7- and 28-d T/D values (pH 6.0) with the applied factor of 10 (63.3 and 167 µg/L, respectively) were compared to the corresponding aquatic toxicity reference values derived from sodium tungstate testing of P. subcapitata (the most sensitive aquatic species), (31,000 μg W/L for acute toxicity (based on the ErC50) and 3380 μg W/L for chronic toxicity (based on the ErC10). The results of this comparison demonstrate that the acute and chronic reference toxicity values (based on sodium tungstate data) are orders of magnitude greater than the T/D values determined for tungsten carbide; therefore, fused tungsten carbide does not classify for aquatic toxicity endpoints. This difference reflects the high water solubility of sodium tungstate.
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