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EC number: 632-619-2 | CAS number: 881685-58-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 21 Aug 2006 to 23 Aug 2006
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Version / remarks:
- 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- No stock solution could be prepared due to the low water solubility of the test item. Therefore, test item amounts of 4.87, 16.43, 48.42, 158.84, and 500.16 mg were weighed by means of an analytical balance and transferred to the designated test vessels with 284 mL of tap water. The test item was mixed into the tap water by ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes and intense stirring for 24 hours at room temperature in the dark, to dissolve a maximum amount of the test item and/or disperse it as homogeneously as possible. No emulsifiers or solvents were used.
After the stirring period, 16 mL of synthetic wastewater and 200 mL of the activated sludge inoculum were added. Additionally, two controls containing only tap water, synthetic wastewater and inoculum were tested in parallel to the five test item concentrations under identical test conditions. - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected:
Fullinsdorf, Switzerland
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Aerobic activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant treating predominantly domestic wastewater. To eliminate possible inhibitory material, the sludge was washed twice with tap water by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. A homogenized aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, thereafter dried and the ratio of wet to dry weight was calculated.
- Pretreatment: Based on the calculated wet and dry weight ratio, an aliquot of washed sludge was suspended in tap water to obtain a concentration equivalent to 3 g dry material per litre. During the holding period of two days prior to use, the sludge was fed daily with 50 ml synthetic wastewater* per litre and was kept at room temperature under continuous aeration until use. Before use, the dry weight of the activated sludge was measured again in the inoculum used for the test. The pH of the activated sludge inoculum was adjusted from 8.3 to 7.0 with a diluted sulfuric acid solution.
* Synthetic wastewater (filled up to a final volume of 1 litre with deionized water):
- 16 g peptone
- 11 g meat extract
- 3 g urea
- 0.7 g NaCl
- 0.4 g CaCl2 · 2H2O
- 0.2 g MgSO4 · 7H2O
- 2.8 g K2HPO4 - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- - Test initiation: 7.7 to 7.8
- Test termination: 8.3 to 8.6 - Dissolved oxygen:
- - Test initiation: 7.9 to 8.2 mg O2/L
- Test termination: 8.4 to 8.9 mg O2/L - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 0, 10, 32, 100, 320 and 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 2 L glass beakers
- Aeration: Yes (continuously aerated by intense stirring on magnetic stirrers to avoid possible foaming and/or stripping of the test item)
- No. of vessels per concentration: 1
- No. of vessels per control: 2
- Sludge concentration: 2.2 g/L dry weight (corresponding to about 0.9 g dry material per litre test medium).
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
For measurement of the respiration rate, a well-mixed sample of each test medium was poured into a BOD-flask after exactly three hours incubation time, and was not further aerated. Then, the dissolved oxygen concentration was measured with an oxygen electrode, and was continuously recorded. During measurement, the samples were continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer. The oxygen consumption rate (in mg O2/L/minute) was determined from the linear part of the respiration curve in the range of 6.5 - 2.5 mg 0 2/L. In case of very rapid oxygen consumption, the range used was below the limits indicated above, but always within the linear part of the respiration curve. In case of low oxygen consumption, the rate was determined over a period of at least ten minutes. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-Dichlorophenol; at nominal concentrations of 5, 16 and 50 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOEC above the solubility of the test substance in the test medium
- Details on results:
- An overview of the results is provided in Table 1 in ‘Any other information on results incl. tables’.
Down to the lowest test concentration of 10 mg/L, the test item was not completely dissolved in the test media (after stirring for 24 hours). Thus, all test concentrations were clearly above the water solubility limit of the test item under the test conditions.
The test item had no significant inhibitory effect (<15%) on the respiration rate of activated sludge after the incubation period of 3 hours up to and including the highest test item concentration of 1000 mg/L. The inhibition of the respiration rates was in the range -3 to 10%, compared to the controls. No concentration-effect relationship was determined. Thus, the 3-hour NOEC of the test item to activated sludge microorganisms was at least 1000 mg/L. The 3-hour EC20, EC50 and EC80 could not be calculated, but were clearly higher than 1000 mg/L.
The oxygen consumption rates of the two controls (run at the start and at the end of the test) differed only by 0.5% (guideline-recommended: ≤15%). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- An overview of the results is provided in Table 1 in ‘Any other information on results incl. tables’. The 3-hour EC50 of the reference item 3,5-dichlorophenol (positive control) was 14 mg/L (the 95% confidence limits were not calculable). The 3-hour EC50 is within the guideline recommended range of 5 - 30 mg/L, confirming suitability of the activated sludge used.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In an activated sludge respiratory inhibition test performed in accordance with OECD TG 209, the 3-hour NOEC value was determined to be ≥ 1000 mg/L for inhibition of the total respiration of the microorganisms in activated sludge.
- Executive summary:
An activated sludge respiratory inhibition test with the test substance was performed according to OECD TG 209 and GLP principles. Activated sludge collected from sewage treatment plants was placed in test bottles to which the test substance was added (no stock could be made due to low solubility). The final nominal concentrations of the test substance were 0 (blank control), 10, 32, 100, 320 and 1000 mg/L 20 °C. Due to the low water solubility of the test item, the test item was weighed directly into the test flasks. The aqueous dispersions in tap water were treated ultrasonically and were stirred over 24 hours. 3,5-Dichlorophenole was used as positive control and tested at concentrations of 5, 16 and 50 mg/L under the same experimental condition. During the 3 hours incubation period, the test vessel was continuously aerated by intense stirring on magnetic stirrers. The dissolved oxygen concentration was continuously recorded and the respiration rates calculated. The inhibitory effect of the test item was expressed as a percentage of the mean respiration rate of the two controls.
The test item was not completely dissolved in the test media (after stirring for 24 hours) in all treatments (≥ 10 mg/L). Thus, all test concentrations were clearly above the water solubility limit of the test substance under the test conditions. After 3 hours incubation, 8.6%, 65.6% and 90.3% of inhibition on oxygen consumption were observed in the groups treated with positive control at 5, 16 and 50 mg 3,5 -Dichlorophenole/L, respectively. For the test substance treated groups, ≤ 10% of inhibition was observed in all test concentrations. Therefore, the NOEC value was determined to be above ≥ 1000 mg/L for inhibition of the total respiration of the microorganisms in activated sludge. The EC20, EC50 and EC80 could not be calculated because of the absence of a toxic effect.
Reference
Table 1. Influence of the test item and 3,5-dichlorophenol on the oxygen consumption of activated sludge
Vessel no. |
Nominal concentration of test chemical (mg/L) |
Oxygen consumption rate (mg O2/L/min) |
Inhibition (%) |
pH values
|
Oxygen concentration (mg O2/L) |
||
|
|
|
|
start* |
end* |
start* |
end* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
0 |
1.122 |
|
7.7 |
8.4 |
7.9 |
8.5 |
10 |
0 |
1.128 |
7.8 |
8.4 |
8.0 |
8.7 |
|
Mean |
1.125 |
|
|||||
Deviation(%) |
0.5 |
||||||
Test item |
|||||||
5 |
10 |
1.080 |
4.0 |
7.8 |
8.5 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
6 |
32 |
1.153 |
-2.5 |
7.8 |
8.4 |
8.2 |
8.6 |
7 |
100 |
1.136 |
-1.0 |
7.7 |
8.4 |
8.0 |
8.9 |
8 |
320 |
1.015 |
9.8 |
7.7 |
8.5 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
9 |
1000 |
1.087 |
3.4 |
7.7 |
8.3 |
8.2 |
8.9 |
Reference item |
|||||||
2 |
5 |
1.028 |
8.6 |
7.8 |
8.5 |
8.0 |
8.3 |
3 |
16 |
0.387 |
65.6 |
7.7 |
8.6 |
8.2 |
8.5 |
4 |
50 |
0.109 |
90.3 |
7.8 |
8.6 |
8.3 |
8.4 |
* Start and end of the 3-hour incubation period
- % inhibition: increased oxygen consumption rate relative to control
Description of key information
3-h NOEC ≥ 1000 mg/L, Activated sludge, inhibition of total respiration, OECD TG 209, Seyfried 2006
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/L
Additional information
One study is available for this endpoint, which was selected as key study. In this study performed according to OECD TG 209 and in compliance with GLP, activated sludge collected from sewage treatment plants was exposed to the test substance (transferred directly to the test vessels as no stock could be made due to low solubility) at concentrations of 0 (control), 0, 32, 100, 320 and 1000 mg/L for 3 hours at 20 °C. 3,5-Dichlorophenole was used as positive control and tested at concentrations of 5, 16 and 50 mg/L under the same experimental condition. The test item was not completely dissolved in the test media (after stirring for 24 hours) in all ≥ 10 mg/L treatments. Thus, all test concentrations were clearly above the solubility limit of the test substance under the test conditions. After 3 hours incubation, 8.6%, 65.6% and 90.3% of inhibition on oxygen consumption were observed in 5, 16 and 50 mg/L 3,5-Dichlorophenole treated groups, respectively, confirming suitability of the activated sludge used. For the test substance treated groups, ≤ 10% of inhibition was observed in all test concentrations. Therefore, the NOEC value was determined to be ≥ 1000 mg/L for inhibition of the total respiration of the microorganisms in activated sludge. The EC20, EC50 and EC80 could not be calculated because of the absence of a toxic effect.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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