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EC number: 266-024-0 | CAS number: 65996-89-6 The condensation product obtained by cooling, to approximately ambient temperature, the gas evolved in the high temperature (greater than 700°C (1292°F)) destructive distillation of coal. A black viscous liquid denser than water. Composed primarily of a complex mixture of condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons. May contain minor amounts of phenolic compounds and aromatic nitrogen bases.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 July - 24 Aug. 2007
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Microsomal fraction prepared from induced livers of male Wistar rats, induced with phenobarbital (80 mg/kg bw) and ß-naphthoflavone (100 mg/kg bw) orally (3x)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 1st experiment: 10, 31.6, 100, 316, 1000, 2500, and 5000 µg/plate, plus 3.16 µg/plate with TA 98 and TA 100 //...
2nd experiment: 31.6, 61.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3500, and 5000 µg/plate (without S9)
1.58, 5.0, 15.8, 50, 158, 500, 1580, and 5000 µg/plate (with S9) - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: compatible with survival of bacteria and S9 activity - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: see Report p. 15
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative total growth/colony formation - Evaluation criteria:
- Considered as mutagenic ....
- if a clear and dose-related increase in the number of revertants occurs in at least one tester with or without metabolic activation and/or
- if a biologically relevant positive response for at least one of the dose groups occurs in at least one tester with or without metabolic activation.
An increase is considered relevant - if in TA 100 and TA 102 mutation rate is at least twice as high as the rate of the solvent control;
- if in TA 98, TA 1535, and TA 1537 the mutation rate is at least 3x higher than that of the solvent control. - Statistics:
- According to the OECD guidelines, the biological relevance is the criterion for the interpretation of the results: a statistical evaluation was not considered necessary under this premise (report p. 21).
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at >= 316 µg/pl. (-S9); at >= 1000 µg/pl. (+S9)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 98, TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Remarks:
- clear effect, reproducible
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- not cytotoxic in the mutagenic concentration range
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 100, TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Remarks:
- weak positive effect, reproducible
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- not in the relevant mutagenic concentration range
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 98, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- ambiguous
- Remarks:
- not reproducible
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- in the relevant concentration range
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- Coal tar produced mutations in dose-dependent reproducible manner in the Salmonella reverse mutation assay according to OECD 471 in the presence of a metabolising enzyme system.
Reference
Summary:
The results without S9 were weak and not reproducible in either experiment (see below).
In the presence of S9 clear dose-related increases in the mutation rates were found in TA 98 and 1537 and a weak positive correlation in TA 100 and TA 102, reproducible at non-cytotoxic concentrations in both experiments. The most responsive tester strain was TA 98.
[Mutation factors (+S9) = 4 - 27x above background with maximum in TA 98]
In either experiment, no biological relevant increases in the mutation rate were seen in TA 1535.
Experiment I:
Relevant increases in TA 100 and TA 1537 (>= 316 and >= 100 µg/plate, respectively, -S9);
relevant increases in TA 98, TA 100, TA 1537, and TA 102 (>= 10 µg/plate, +S9)
Experiment II:
Relevant increases in TA 98 (61.5 and 125 µg/plate, -S9);
relevant increases in TA 98, TA 100, TA 1537, and TA 102 (>= 5 - 1580 µg/plate, +S9)
Dose-response relationship of the reversion rate was observed with each tester strain.
Additional information
Short description of key information:
Coal tar is mutagenic in the Ames-Salmonella test in the presence of
a metabolising enzyme system (S9).
Endpoint Conclusion: Adverse effect observed (positive)
Justification for classification or non-classification
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