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EC number: 233-116-7 | CAS number: 10038-98-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
An acute skin irritation study was performed with Germanium Tetrachloride in New Zealand White rabbits Koopmans and Daamen, 1989- RCC NOTOX) . Parameters monitored during this study included mortality, toxicity symptoms. The irritancy of the test item was evaluated according to the OECD No.: 404, 1981 and EU method B.4 (Acute toxicity Dermal Irritation/Corrosion).
The observed skin irritation consisted of severe erythema and grey discolouration of the treated skin, indicating necrosis. The exposed areas fissured and detached from the surrounding skin in all animals. Since full thickness destruction of the skin was observed, Germanium Tetrachloride should be considered corrosive. These corrosive effects resulted after the 3 minutes and 1 hour applications.
Germanium tetrachloride has also shown signs of respiratory tract irritation in single exposure studies (see acute inhalation toxicity).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Broekman Institute , Someren, The Netherlands
- Age at study initiation: ~14 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 2403-2498 g
- Housing: Rabbits were individually housed in cages with perforated floors equipped with an automatic drinking system (ITL, Bergen/ The Netherlands)
- Diet: Standard laboratory rabbit diet (LKK-20, pellet diameter 4mm, Hope Farms, Woerden/ The Netherlands) approx. 100 gram per day
- Water: Free access to tap-water diluted with decalcified water.
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days under test conditions
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20±3 °C
- Humidity (%): 30-70%
- Air changes (per hr): 7.5-15 air exchanges/hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours artificial fluorescent light/12 hours dark - Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not required
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.5ml - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 minutes and 1 hour
- Observation period:
- 1h
- Number of animals:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 4 sites of approximately 6 cm² on a flank of the shaved intact skin
- Type of wrap if used: for each animal 4 strips of micropore tape with each 2 patches, 1 with and 1 without test substance were prepared.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: at the end of the exposure period, residual test substance was removed using a tissue moistened with tapwater.
- Time after start of exposure: duration of exposure was 3 minutes for 2 patches (1 with and 1 without test substance) and 1 hour for the second 2 patches (1 with and 1 without test substance)
SCORING SYSTEM:
The skin reactions aftr the 3 min exposure were assessed at approximately 60 min after patch removal and the skin reaction after 1 hour exposure were assessed immediately after patch removal
SCORING SYSTEM OF ERYTHEMA AND OEDEMA FORMATION
Erythema and eschar formation
No erythema 0
Very slight erythema (barely perceptible) 1
Well defined erythema 2
Moderate to severe erythema 3
Severe erythema (beet redness) to slight eschar formation (injuries in depth) 4
Maximum possible erythema score: 4
Oedema formation
No oedema 0
Very slight oedema (barely perceptible) 1
Slight oedema (edges of it will be well defined
by definite raising) 2
Moderate oedema (raised appr. 1 mm) 3
Severe oedema (raised more than 1 mm and extending beyond area of exp.) 4
Maximum possible oedema score: 4
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 60 minutes after 3 min of exposure
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 0 minutes after 1 hour of exposure
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 60 minutes after 3 min of exposure
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 0 minutes after 1 hour of exposure
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 60 minutes after 3 minutes of exposure
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 0 minutes after 1 hour of exposure
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Irritation: the observed skin irritation consisted of severe erythema and grey discolouration of the treated skin, indicating necrosis. The exposed area fissured and detached from the surrounding skin in all animals
Corrosion: since full tickness destruction of the skin was observed, Germanium tetrachloride should be considered corrosive. These corrosive effects resulted after the 1 hour and 3 minutes applications - Other effects:
- TOXICITY SYMPTOMS/MORTALITY :
No symptoms of systematic toxicity were observed in the animals during the test period and no mortality occurred - Interpretation of results:
- Category 1A (corrosive)
- Conclusions:
- Since full thickness destruction of the skin was observed, Germanium Tetrachloride should be considered corrosive. These corrosive effects resulted after the 3 minutes and 1 hour applications. The skin reactions were assessed at 1 hour oberservation period.
According to the UN Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, germanium tetrachloride does require classification as a skin corrosion Cat1A
- Executive summary:
- An acute skin irritation study was
performed with Germanium Tetrachloride in
New Zealand White rabbits. Parameters monitored during this study included
mortality, toxicity symptoms. The irritancy of the test item was evaluated
according to the OECD No.: 404, 1981 and EU method B.4 (Acute toxicity
Dermal Irritation/Corrosion).
Reference
SCORING OF ERYTHEMA FORMATION
Animal no. 2485
Duration of exposure |
Time after exposure |
Erythema |
Oedema |
Comments |
3 minutes |
60 minutes |
4 |
- |
Exposed area grey coloured. The exposed area fissured and detached from the surrounding area |
1 hour |
0 minutes |
4 |
- |
The exposed area fissured and detached from the surrounding area |
Animal no. 2486
Duration of exposure |
Time after exposure |
Erythema |
Oedema |
Comments |
3 minutes |
60 minutes |
4 |
- |
Exposed area grey coloured. The exposed area fissured and detached from the surrounding area |
1 hour |
0 minutes |
4 |
- |
75% of the exposed area grey coloured. The exposed area fissured and detached from the surrounding area |
Animal no. 2487
Duration of exposure |
Time after exposure |
Erythema |
Oedema |
Comments |
3 minutes |
60 minutes |
4 |
- |
Exposed area grey coloured. The exposed area fissured and detached from the surrounding area |
1 hour |
0 minutes |
4 |
- |
40% of the exposed area grey coloured. The exposed area fissured and detached from the surrounding area |
Note : Oedema could not be stored due to eschar formation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (corrosive)
Additional information
Germanium tetrachloride is corrosive based on animal skin irritation study. Due the corrosive nature of germanium tetrachloride to skin, eye irritation studies do not need to be conducted and hence no animal eye irritation data is available on germanium tetrachloride
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
only one study availabe which is klimisch score=1
Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: highly corrosive
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available data, germanium tetrachloride should be classified as skin corr cat 1A due to full thickness destruction of the skin observed after 3min and 1h exposures to undiluted (99%) product.
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