Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 233-020-5 | CAS number: 10022-31-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- The justification for read across is attached in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 14.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element (total fraction)
- Remarks:
- Ba
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality including immobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Biesinger and Christensen 1972
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 27.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Remarks:
- Ba(NO3)2
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality including immobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Biesinger and Christensen 1972
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 70.31 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Remarks:
- Ba
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lilius 1994
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 133.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Remarks:
- Ba(NO3)2
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lilius 1994
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 110 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element (total fraction)
- Remarks:
- Ba
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Calleja 1993
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 209 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Remarks:
- Ba(NO3)2
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Calleja 1993
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- Results are based on nominal values, and the test did not exactly follow existing guidance (1972-study), but the test method was well described and test conditions (e.g. test medium composition) were properly reported and monitored. The study should however be considered reliable with restrictions.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not a guideline study but meets generally accepted scientific standards and methodology is well documented and described.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: laboratory clone
- Source: University of Michigan
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 12h +/- 12h
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Type and amount of food: 0.5 g of powdered dried grass and 10g of enriched trout-fry granules added to 250 mL of Lake Superior water and mixed vigorously in a blender for 5 minutes. This suspension was strained through #20 bolting cloth. The blender was then rinsed with an additional 50 mL of lake water, and the rinse water was added to the suspension. This suspension was stored in a refrigerator and mixed thoroughly each time an aliquot was withdrawn.
- Feeding frequency: 2 times a week for rearing and once weekly for testing - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 44-53 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 18 +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.4-8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- +/- 9 mg O2/L
- Salinity:
- not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal/measured test concentrations not reported: geometric series of 5-12 concentrations (not specified for Ba)
- Details on test conditions:
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): not reported
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Lake Superior water; unfiltered water strained through a #20 bolting cloth
- Metals: 14 µg Ba/L ; 16 µg Sr/L ; 0.78 µg Zn/L ; <0.5 µg Ni/L ; 1.51 µg Cu/L ; <0.5 µg Co/L ; < 0.01 g Hg/L ; < 0.1 µg Cd/L
- Chloride: 1.22 mg/L
- Alkalinity: 42.3 mg/L as CaCO3
- Ca: 13.7 mg /L
- Mg: 3.12 mg/L
- K: 0.53 mg/L
- Na: 1.13 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 14.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality including immobility
- Details on results:
- no food was added during the test
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Results were statistically evaluated with the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949). LC50 was used for survival and represents an interpolation from three or more partial-effect concentrations.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- no
- Conclusions:
- Results are based on nominal values, and test did not exactly follow existing guidance (1972-study), but test method was well described and test conditions (eg., test medium composition) were properly reported. The 48-h LC50 for Daphnia magna was determined to be 14.5 mg Ba/L, based on nominal concentrations. Because no analytical monitoring of test item concentrations was performed, the study should be considered reliable with restrictions.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- significant methodological deficiencies
- Remarks:
- The study was not considered reliable because no analytical monitoring of test substance concentrations was performed.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 110 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- total Ba
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 209 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Ba(NO3)2
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24-h L(E)C50s were calculated by the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method (Hamilton et al., 1977). The 5- and 15-min
EC50s of the Microtox ® test were obtained by the linear regression package provided by the Microbics Corporation (Mi-
crobics 1989). - Conclusions:
- In this Microtox ® test, the 24-h EC50 for Daphnia magna was determined to be 110 mg Ba/L, equivalent to 209 mg Ba(NO3)2/L. No analytical verification of test item concentrations were performed.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- significant methodological deficiencies
- Remarks:
- The study was not considered reliable because no analytical monitoring of test material concentrations was performed.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Acute toxicity tests were performed in Standard Reference Water (SRW; NaHC03 2.4 mM, K2S04 0.15 mM, CaCl2 2.0 mM, KH2P04 0.01 mM, pH 7.6) according to the OECD standard protocol (1980) with a few modifications. The tests were performed at 21 ± 1°C in 100 ml polystyrene vessels, with 50 ml liquid in each. Twenty neonates (< 24 h old) were introduced into vessels containing different concentrations of the test chemical and the vessels were closed with a polyethylene cap. There was no feeding and no aeration during the tests. Immobilization was determined visually after 3 and 24 h. For each chemical the test was repeated at least three times.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: not stated
- Source: obtained from the Department of Biology, University of Turku
- Feeding during test: no
- Food type: Scenedesmus algae every second or third day depending on the density of the culture - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
- Hardness:
- 200 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 21°C
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL polystyrene vessels with 50 mL liquid each
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with PE cap
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: polystyrene
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Culture medium different from test medium: cultured in M4 media (Elendt and Bias, 1990)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: photoperiod of 12 h light and 12 h dark.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): immobility
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 5 concentrations used - Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 70.31 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- total Ba
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 133.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Ba(NO3)2
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For each chemical, five concentrations were used for the determination of EC50s. EC50 values were calculated using regression analysis after linearisation of the dose/ response curves by logarithmic transformation of the concentrations (statistical program; GraphPad 4).
- Conclusions:
- In this study, a 24-h EC50 value was reported of 70.31 mg Ba/L for Daphnia magna, equivalent to 133.8 mg Ba(NO3)2/L. Test concentrations were not measured.
Referenceopen allclose all
Chemical characteristics of Lake Superior water were monitored during the testing period according to procedures outlined by the American Public Health Association and procedures employing atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Description of key information
A read across approach was followed to cover this endpoint. The key study is a study from Biesinger and Christensen (1972) for barium chloride. A 48-h LC50 of 14.5 mg Ba/L was reported for Daphnia magna. This result was recalculated to barium dinitrate based on the barium content of both substances (i.e. 27.6 mg barium trinitrate/L).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 14.5 mg/L
Additional information
Three studies are available containing relevant information for this endpoint. Two of these studies (Lilius et al., 1994 and Calleja et al., 1993) were performed with barium nitrate but were not considered reliable (Klimisch 3) and therefore only used as supporting evidence. The key study is a study from Biesinger and Christensen (1972) performed with the read across substance barium chloride. Results are based on nominal values, and the test did not exactly follow an existing guidance (1972-study), but the test method was well described and test conditions (e.g., test medium composition) were properly reported. A 48-h LC50 of 14.5 mg Ba/L was reported for Daphnia magna.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.