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EC number: 215-325-5 | CAS number: 1321-74-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Skin Irritation:
Slight erythema, edema and moderate exfoliation at application site resulted was observed after 14 days. Slight to moderate necrosis followed which resulted in scar formation.
Hence, repeated exposure of divinyl benzene can be considered to be irritating to rabbit skin.
Eye Irritation:
Moderate pain response and discomfort was observed within 30 seconds of exposure. When the eyes were washed with warm tap water for 2 minutes after the 30 second exposure, the pain appeared to increase. All signs of eye irritation had resolved within 1 hour of treatment, but the conjunctiva remained inflames 8 days after exposure.
Hence, divinylbenzene can be considered to be irritating to eyes.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- data is from authoritative database
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To assess the dermal irritation potential of divinyl benzene in rabbits
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Divinylbenzene- Molecular formula: C10H10- Molecular weight: 131.1969 g/mol- Smiles notation: C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C- InChl: 1S/C10H10/c1-3-9-7-5-6-8-10(9)4-2/h3-8H,1-2H2- Substance type: Organic- Physical state: Liquid
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 1-2 ml of a mixture containing 55% divinyl benzene isomers and 40% ethyl vinyl benzene isomers
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 5 days/week for 2 weeks
- Observation period:
- 14 days
- Number of animals:
- No data available
- Details on study design:
- No data available
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- No data available
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 14 d
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Slight erythema, edema and moderate exfoliation at application site resulted was observed after 14 days. Slight to moderate necrosis followed which resulted in scar formation
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Slight erythema, edema and moderate exfoliation at application site resulted was observed after 14 days. Slight to moderate necrosis followed which resulted in scar formation.Hence, repeated exposure of divinyl benzene can be considered to be irritating to rabbit skin.
- Executive summary:
A skin irritation study was performed in rabbits to assess the irritation potential of divinyl benzene.
1-2 ml of a mixture containing 55% divinyl benzene isomers and 40% ethyl vinyl benzene isomers was applied to the shaved skin of rabbits under occlusive conditions5 days/week for 2 weeks. The test sites were observed for Slight erythema, edema and moderate exfoliation at application site resulted was observed after 14 days. Slight to moderate necrosis followed which resulted in scar formation.
Hence, repeated exposure of divinyl benzene can be considered to be irritating to rabbit skin.and edema till 14 days.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- data is from authoritative databases
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To assess the ocular irritation potential of divinylbenzene in rabbits
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Divinylbenzene- Molecular formula: C10H10- Molecular weight: 131.1969 g/mol- Smiles notation: C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C- InChl: 1S/C10H10/c1-3-9-7-5-6-8-10(9)4-2/h3-8H,1-2H2- Substance type: Organic- Physical state: Liquid
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.1 ml
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 30 seconds
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 8 days
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- no data available
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- no data available
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE- Washing (if done): yes- Time after start of exposure: the treated eyes were washed with warm tap water 2 minutes after the 30 seconds exposure.
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 8 days
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Moderate pain response and discomfort was observed within 30 seconds of exposure. When the eyes were washed with warm tap water for 2 minutes after the 30 second exposure, the pain appeared to increase. All signs of eye irritation had resolved within 1 hour of treatment, but the conjunctiva remained inflames 8 days after exposure.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Moderate pain response and discomfort was observed within 30 seconds of exposure. When the eyes were washed with warm tap water for 2 minutes after the 30 second exposure, the pain appeared to increase. All signs of eye irritation had resolved within 1 hour of treatment, but the conjunctiva remained inflames 8 days after exposure.Hence, divinylbenzene can be considered to be irritating to eyes.
- Executive summary:
The eye irritation potential of divinylbenzene was assessed in rabbits.
0.1ml undiluted technical grade divinyl benzene was instilled into the eyes of 6 New Zealand White albino rabbits. The treated eyes were exposed to the test chemical for 30 seconds and washed with warm tap water 2 minutes after 30 seconds exposure.
Moderate pain response and discomfort was observed within 30 seconds of exposure. When the eyes were washed with warm tap water for 2 minutes after the 30 second exposure, the pain appeared to increase. All signs of eye irritation had resolved within 1 hour of treatment, but the conjunctiva remained inflames 8 days after exposure.
Hence,divinylbenzenecan be considered to be irritating to eyes.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin Irritation
Various studies have been summarized to ascertain the level of dermal irritation caused by Divinylbenzene in living organisms. These studies include in vivo experiments on rabbits, rats, humans and guinea pigs for the target chemical as well as its structurally similar chemical. The results have been summarized as follows:
A skin irritation study was performed in rabbits to assess the irritation potential of divinyl benzene.
1-2 ml of a mixture containing 55% divinyl benzene isomers and 40% ethyl vinyl benzene isomers was applied to the shaved skin of rabbits under occlusive conditions5 days/week for 2 weeks. The test sites were observed for Slight erythema, edema and moderate exfoliation at application site resulted was observed after 14 days. Slight to moderate necrosis followed which resulted in scar formation.
Hence, repeated exposure of divinyl benzene can be considered to be irritating to rabbit skin and edema till 14 days.
This is supported by the results of a dermal irritation study performed in humans. Divinylbenzene was applied to the skin of human volunteers and observed for effects (dose, duration of exposure, observation period not mentioned). Mild irritation was observed in humans.
Hence, divinylbenzene can be considered to be irritating to human skin.
These studies are also supported by the results of another dermal irritation study performed in rats. Rats were subjected to repeated prolonged exposure (exact duration not mentioned) of divinylbenzene and observed for effects.
Skin burns may result in rats from repeated or prolonged exposure to divinylbenzene.
Hence, divinylbenzene can be considered to be irritating to skin.
The above studies are further supported by the results of a dermal irritation study performed in guinea pigs to assess the dermal irritation potential of the structurally similar chemical.
Undiluted 5, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.35, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mL/kg of test chemical was applied under occlusion to the skin of guinea pigs for 24 hours. 10 guinea pigs per dose were used for the study. The guinea pigs were observed for signs of irritation and scored. Scoring was based on qualitative parameters of “slight, moderate, strong or severe”.
All guinea pigs dosed with 5, 2, 1, 0.5 or 0.35 mL/kg of the test chemical died .Six of ten guinea pigs dosed with 0.2 mL/kg of the test chemical died. Only one guinea pig dosed with 0.1 or 0.05 ml/kg of the test chemical died.
Based on these observations, the test chemical was considered to be a strong dermal irritant to guinea pig skin.
Based on the results from the available studies for the target as well as structurally similar chemical, and applying the weight of evidence approach, divinylbenzene can be considered to be irritating to skin. Comparing the above annotations with the criteria for CLP, Divinylbenzene can be classified under the category “Category 2”.
Eye Irritation:
Various studies have been summarized to ascertain the level of ocular irritation caused by Divinylbenzene in living organisms. These studies include in vivo experiments on rabbits and humans for the target chemical. The results have been summarized as follows:
The eye irritation potential of divinylbenzene was assessed in rabbits.
0.1ml undiluted technical grade divinyl benzene was instilled into the eyes of 6 New Zealand White albino rabbits. The treated eyes were exposed to the test chemical for 30 seconds and washed with warm tap water 2 minutes after 30 seconds exposure.
Moderate pain response and discomfort was observed within 30 seconds of exposure. When the eyes were washed with warm tap water for 2 minutes after the 30 second exposure, the pain appeared to increase. All signs of eye irritation had resolved within 1 hour of treatment, but the conjunctiva remained inflames 8 days after exposure.
Hence, divinylbenzene can be considered to be irritating to eyes.
This study is supported by another eye irritation performed in rabbits. Divinylbenzene was instilled into eyes of rabbits and observed for effects (dose, duration, number of rabbits, observation period not mentioned).
Moderate irritation observed in rabbits after exposure todivinyl benzene.
Hence, divinyl benzene can be considered to be irritating to eyes.
The above studies are further supported by the results of other performed in rabbits. 500 mg undiluted divinylbenzene was instilled into the eyes of rabbits
Mild signs of irritation were observed after 24 hours of exposure to divinylbenzene.
Hence, divinylbenzene can be considered to be irritating to eyes.
These studies are also supported by the results of a study performed in humans to assess the dermal irritation of divinylbenzene.
Divinylbenzene was instilled into eyes of humans and observed for signs of irritation (dose, duration of exposure, observation period). Mild signs of irritation were observed in the eyes of human volunteers.
Hence, divinylbenzene can be considered to be irritating to eyes.
Available studies for divinylbenzene indicate a very strong possibility of it causing moderate to severe irritation to eyes. Hence, Divinylbenzene can be considered to be irritating to eyes.
Comparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, Divinylbenzene can be classified under the category “Category 2”.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Available studies for divinylbenzene suggest that it is likely to cause irritation to skin and eyes.
Hence, divinylbenzene can be considered to be irritating to eyes and skin. It can be classified under the category "Category 2" as per CLP Regulation.
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