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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 944-188-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
With regard to toxikokinetics (absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination) of the pigment, the assessment and corresponding data are primarily based on data on magnetite and on lead. However, as stated in EPA (2003), in Kreamer (2004), Lide (2001) and elsewhere in scientific literature, iron oxides (such as magnetite and hematite) are virtually insoluble in water and the fact that iron is an essential element to humans and to mammals in general, renders it difficult to assess the toxicokinetic properties of the magnetite, while the toxicokinetics of lead is extensively assessed and described in scientific literature. Thus , the toxicokinetic properties of the pigment used for the risk assessment of the pigment is mainly the toxicokinetics of the lead even though this is probably a worst-case scenario. Extraction experiments of the actual pigment in physiologically relevant buffers mimicking the enzymatic composition of the stomach has hitherto failed to show any bioavailability for neither lead nor magnetite (PBET-extraction studies).
The extremely low bioavailability of lead in the pigment, observed in PBET-extraction studies is further corroborated by the data on lead in blood in occupationally exposed workers at the pigment and paint production site. At the site, lead in blood have been systematically monitored since 1990. The same workers both work in the pigment manufacture and in the formulation of the paint (paint production). The regular employees had worked at the factory for 2-10 years when the monitoring program started in 1990, and thus some of them has now (2017) worked at the site for 30-40 years.
For individual regular employees, levels of lead in blood have not increased during the monitoring period (1990-2016), and in some cases been in steady decline.
Iron exist as a redox couple F(II)/Fe(III) and at physiologically relevant pH all Fe(II) is oxidized to Fe(III), which isis virtually insoluble at physiological pH (Kfree Fe(III)= 10-18mol/l). The saturation concentration of Fe3O4in serum is 68.0-74.5 nmol/ml for a particle size of 0.45-5 µm (nanoparticles – microparticles). In addition, about 95% of the iron of magnetite is bound to plasma proteins mainly transferrin (Frenet, 1983).
Lead is most easily taken up into the body through inhalation or ingestion – dermal uptake makes a negligible contribution to systemic lead levels. Once taken up into the body, lead is not metabolized. However, lead will distribute to a variety of tissue compartments such as blood, bone and soft tissues. The half-life of lead in the body varies as a function of body compartment. Lead in blood has a half life of 30 – 45 days – measurement of lead in blood thus provides an integrated assessment of average lead exposure (via all routes) over the preceding month. Lead is retained far longer in bones. Depending upon bone type, the retention time of lead can vary between 8 and 30 years. Such lead can both serve as a source of endogenous lead exposure and as a cumulative index of exposure over a time frame of years. Lead excretion is primary via urinary and biliary excretion routes.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- no bioaccumulation potential
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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