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EC number: 219-194-5 | CAS number: 2385-77-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2007-09-03 to 2007-10-05
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 007
- Report date:
- 2007
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO DIS 9439 (Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability - Method by Analysis of Released Carbon Dioxide)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Citronellal
- EC Number:
- 203-376-6
- EC Name:
- Citronellal
- Cas Number:
- 106-23-0
- Molecular formula:
- C10H18O
- IUPAC Name:
- 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enal
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Citronellal
- Substance type: aldehyde
- Physical state: clear, colorless liquid
- Analytical purity: 96.2 area-% (BASF report No. 07L00174)
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): not reported
- Purity test date: not reported
- Lot/batch No.: 66086277L0
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2008-04-05
- Stability under test conditions: not reported
- Storage condition of test material: test substance stored at room temperature, under nitrogen and light exclusion
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Municipal activated sludge taken from the wastewater treatment plant of Mannheim(Germany). The inoculum was collected on 05 September 2007 from the aeration tank of the plant and aerated in the laboratory until use.
- Laboratory culture: no
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: After collection, the inoculum was aerated in the laboratory until use. A suitable aliquot of the activated sludge suspension was sieved by a finely woven mesh (size: ca. 1 mm). After settling the supernatant was discarded and the sludge suspension was filled up with tap water. The sludge of the suspension was adjusted to a concentration of 6 g/L dw and then added to the test vessels to obtain a sludge concentration of 30 mg/L dry substance. Finally the activated sludge suspension in the test vessels was pre-aerated for about 24 h at 22 +/- 2°C.
- Pretreatment: no
- Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L dw
- Water filtered: not reported - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentrationopen allclose all
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 26 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 20 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: TOC
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: according to guideline
- Additional substrate: no
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): no
- Test temperature: 22 +/- 2 °C
- pH: at the beginning: 7.4; at the end: 7.3 (in the test vessels containing test substance each)
- pH adjusted: no (not necessary based on pH measurement in one test vessel)
- Aeration of dilution water: yes
- Suspended solids concentration: 30 mg/L dw
- Continuous darkness: not reported
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 2-L incubation bottles filled up to a volume of 1.5 L
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: aeration of test medium in the absence of the test substance
- Measuring equipment: TOC-analyser (Shimadzu TOC-5000A)
- Test performed in closed vessels: yes
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: The test vessels were connected to two serial wash bottles (total volume 250 mL) filled with 100 mL 0.05 M sodium hydroxide solution. Usually twice a week the TIC values of the adsorption solution of the first trap were determined. After each sampling the second trap was moved forward and the new trap with fresh sodium hydroxide solution was placed into the second position. Each trap was analyzed separately.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: sampling was performed on day 0 and after 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17, 21, 24, 27, 28, and 29 d (d 29: on day 28 the test vessels were acidified and the aeration was continued for further ca. 24 h and the released carbon dioxide in both traps determined and added to the calculated amount of day 28).
- Sample storage before analysis: not reported
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: performed
- Toxicity control: performed
- Other: functional/procedural control (reference substance) performed
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- aniline
Results and discussion
% Degradation
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 83
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: test item proved to be readily biodegradable and fulfilling the 10-d window criterion
- Details on results:
- Mean biodegradation degree of citronellal (% CO2/ThCO2)
3 d: 5%
5 d: 22%
10 d: 51%
12 d: 58%
14 d: 63%
21 d: 74%
28 d: 83
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance aniline was biodegraded by 78% after 14 d and by 88% after 28 d.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Citronellal proved to be readily biodegradable and fulfilling the 10-d window criterion (83% biodegradation after 28 d).
- Executive summary:
In a study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test), EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability), EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test), and ISO DIS 9439 (Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability - Method by Analysis of Released Carbon Dioxide), citronellal proved to be readily biodegradable and fulfilling the 10 -d window criterion. Citronellal was biodegraded by 5% (3 d), 22% (5 d), 63% (14 d), and 83% (28 d) based on the ratio of % CO2/ThCO2. The reference substance aniline was biodegraded by 78% after 14 d and by 88% after 28 d (mean values each). An inhibition of the inoculum by citronellal could not be observed in the toxicity control (test item and reference substance concentration: 20 mg/L TOC each; 62% biodegradation after 14 d).
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