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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 200-386-2 | CAS number: 58-56-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The US EPA has compiled a document with robust summaries for Pyridine and Pyridine Derivatives in the context of the HPV program. Each robust summary in this US EPA document has been given a reliability level.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Inoculum or test system:
- not specified
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 100
- Sampling time:
- 21 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Pyridine Modified OECD Screening test 21 days
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 85
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: CO2 Evolution test with 3-methylpyridine
- Details on results:
- Above are just two examples for biodegradability of pyridine and pyridine derivates. In the attached document, all results can be viewed.
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Pyridine and Pyridine derivates can be considered readily biodegradable based on the compilation of a large data set in the HPV document.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 21 October 1992 - 3 February 1993
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Although the test was performed according to the OECD 301E (1981) and in compliance with GLP principles, the results of the two replicas showed extreme differences (94% and 0% biodegradation, respectively). It is assumed that the result of the replica without any degradation is caused by a technical error, but no definitive conclusion can be deducted from this test. It is therefore considered not assignable.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 E (Ready biodegradability: Modified OECD Screening Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1981
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- degradation was not seen in one sample
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The deviation from OECD 301E (1981) was that a 0.45 µm filter was used instead of a 0.2 µm filter for DOC analysis.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: secondary effluent from a sewage treatment plant
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: mixture of polyvalent bacteria colleted on 6 January 1993. Secondary effluent from the sewage treatment plant of CH-4153 Reinach.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: was carried out according to the method described in the guideline. The pH after collection was 7.5. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 15 - 25 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: was prepared according to the method described in the guideline.
- Test temperature: 23 ± 2 ºC
- pH: of the effluent was 7.5
- Suspended solids concentration: no data
- Continuous darkness: yes, as the bottles were of dark brown glass.
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 2000 mL Erlenmeyer flasks (dark brown glass)
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Measuring equipment: no details
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 27 and 28
- Sampling method: no data
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: water as specified in the guideline
- Toxicity control: no
- Reference substance tested at 20 ± 5 mg DOC/L
STATISTICAL METHODS: - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 94
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: second replicate
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: first replicate
- Details on results:
- The results from the two replicates are shown in attached table and graph. One replicate shows absolutely no DOC removal (0% degradation). The other replica shows 99% degradation after 14 days and 94% after 28 days.
The discrepancy between the two replicates could not be explained which renders the test doubtfull as stand-alone. - Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance showed a mean biodegradation rate of 94% after 7 days
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- other: readily biodegradable in one of the replicates
- Conclusions:
- For one of the replicates, the substance was considered as readily biodegradable (94% after 28 days). In the other replica flask, no biodegradation occurred (0% after 28 days).
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening tests
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The QSAR models of BIOWIN v4.10 of EPIWEB 4.0 were used in order to gain supplementary information on the biodegradability of the substance as the experimentally determined biodegradability was 94% and 0% in the two replicates respectively. BIOWIN is a known and reliable calculation tool for this endpoint and therefore this estimation can be used in a weight-of-evidence approach to come to a conclusion for biodegradability.
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BIOWIN contains seven separate models. This version (v4.10) designates the models as follows (see also Boethling et al. 2003):
Biowin1 = linear probability model
Biowin2 = nonlinear probability model
Biowin3 = expert survey ultimate biodegradation model
Biowin4 = expert survey primary biodegradation model
Biowin5 = MITI linear model
Biowin6 = MITI nonlinear model
Biowin7 = anaerobic biodegradation model
Biodegradability estimates are based upon fragment constants that were developed using multiple linear or non-linear regression analyses, depending on the model. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Key result
- Parameter:
- other: readily biodegradable
- Remarks:
- readily biodegradable
- Remarks on result:
- readily biodegradable based on QSAR/QSPR prediction
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
Referenceopen allclose all
The details can be viewed in attached print of the BIOWIN v4.10 Results. The prediction indicates that the substance is readily biodegradable.
Description of key information
In the OECD 301E (1981) study, pyridoxin-HCl was shown to be readily biodegradable (94% in 28 days) in one replica and not biodegradable (0% in 28 days) in the other replica.
The structure Pyridoxin was entered into the BIOWIN module of EPISUITE which resulted in a ready biodegradability prediction for the substance.
Pyridine and Pyridine derivates could be considered readily biodegradable based on the compliation of a large data set in the HPV document of the US EPA.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
In the OECD 301E (1981) study, pyridoxin-HCl was shown to be readily biodegradable (94% in 28 days) in one replica and not biodegradable (0% in 28 days) in the other replica. As this discrepancy could not be explained, other evidence was used to gain information on the biodegradability. The structure Pyridoxin was entered into the BIOWIN module of EPISUITE which resulted in a ready biodegradability prediction for the substance. The US EPA HPV document on Pyridine and Pyridine derivates included a large data set on the biodegradability in different test systems. Overall it could be concluded that pyridine and methylpyridine were readily biodegradable. Considering all 3 above entries for the weight-of-evidence, the substance pyridoxin-HCl can be considered as readily biodegradable.
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