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EC number: 208-060-1 | CAS number: 506-93-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_environmental-fate-and-pathways.png)
Biodegradation in soil
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil: simulation testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Supporting information for read-across, structural analogue approach.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Degradation of C-14 guanidinium chloride in field soil samples was followed by trapping and counting of radioactivity (14-CO2). Test were made with sterile soil (no degradation), different concentrations of test substance, different additions carbon source (cellulose, glucose) and nitrogen.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- laboratory
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Soil classification:
- other: field soil samples
- Details on soil characteristics:
- SOIL COLLECTION AND STORAGE
- Geographic location: local soil samples: Duffield silt loam pH6.4-7.1 (soil no.: #1)
Hagerstown silt loam, pH7.1 (soil no. #2)
Collington loamy fine sand, pH6.3 (soil no. #3)
- Sampling depth (cm): 2.54-10.16cm (=1-4 inches)
- Soil preparation (e.g., 2 mm sieved; air dried etc.): maintained as described by Pramer and Bartha( 1972), pased through a 2mm screen prior to use
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 0.22 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 25 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 200 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 400 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parent/product:
- parent
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #1
- % Degr.:
- > 40
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 1 d
- Parent/product:
- parent
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #1
- % Degr.:
- 80
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 4 d
- Parent/product:
- parent
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #2
- % Degr.:
- > 40
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 1 d
- Parent/product:
- parent
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #2
- % Degr.:
- 80
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 4 d
- Parent/product:
- parent
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #3
- % Degr.:
- > 50
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 8 d
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #4
- DT50:
- 17 d
- Type:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: 400 mg Guanidinium/kg dw
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #5
- DT50:
- 12 d
- Type:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: 200 mg Guanidinium/kg dw
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #6
- DT50:
- 8 d
- Type:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: 100mg Guanidinium /kg dw
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #7
- DT50:
- 6 d
- Type:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: 50 mg Guanidinium/kg dw
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #8
- DT50:
- 5 d
- Type:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: 25 mg Guanidinium /kg dw
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #9
- DT50:
- 2.5 d
- Type:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: 10 mg Guanidinium/kg dw
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Conclusions:
- 14-C Guanidinium in aerated soil is biodegraded with a half live of 2.5 - 8 days for guanidine concentrations of 2.5 – 100 mg/kg dw. The degradation rate is dependent on the concentration of guanidinium with a lower degradation rate at high concentrations, on the type of soil used and on the availability of carbon sources (Glucose or Cellulose) which enhance mineralization rate. Nitrogen in form of Ammonium, Nitrate, Nitroguanidine only slightly inhibit guanidinium mineralization.
- Executive summary:
The biotransformation of radiolabelled Guanidinium (as chloride) was studied in soil(s) Duffied silt loam (pH 6.4 to 7.1), from Maryland, USA in different experiments.
Experiment 1 incubation for 4 d under aerobic conditions at 20 ºC, and 60 % moisture. Guanidinium was applied at the rate of 0.22 mg a.i./kg soil. Samples were analysed at 0, 1,2, 3 and 4 days of incubation.
The concentration of the parent compound decreased from 100 % of the applied amount at day 0, to 20 % at the end of study period. More than 40% of the guanidinium carbon was mineralized by the first day of incubation to soil, after which time mineralization continued at a decreasing rate until 80% of Guanidinium was converted to carbon dioxide after 4 days. The major transformation products detected was carbon dioxide.Experiment 2 incubation of 10 –400 mg 14-C-guanidinium /kg soil dw for up to 25 days.
The degradation rate is dependent on the concentration of guanidinium with a lower degradation rate at high concentrations, on the type of soil used and on the availability of carbon sources (Glucose or Cellulose) which enhance mineralization rate. Nitrogen in form of Ammonium, Nitrate, Nitroguanidine only slightly inhibit guanidinium mineralization.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil: simulation testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: not reported
- Conclusions:
- Guanidine Nitrate can be classified as "part of applied N rapidly available with gradual mineralization of the remaining N". Complete mineralization of (100microg N/g soil) Guanidine Nitrate ranged betwen 42 and 77 days depending on the soil used.
- Executive summary:
Guanidine Nitrate can be classified as "part of applied N rapidly available with gradual mineralization of the remaining N". Complete mineralization of (100microg N/g soil) Guanidine Nitrate ranged betwen 42 and 77 days depending on the soil used.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil: simulation testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 307 (Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Soil)
- Version / remarks:
- Study conducted before Guideline was adopted
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- laboratory
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Parent/product:
- parent
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #1
- % Degr.:
- ca. 50
- Parameter:
- CO2 evolution
- Sampling time:
- 48 h
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Details on transformation products:
- Radio-labelled Carbon C14.
- Conclusions:
- Guanidine Nitrate was rapidly and extensively mineralized. More than 50 % of the 14C-Guanidine Nitrate added was evolved as 14C-CO2 within the first 48 hours of incubation. Approximately 68% of the added 14C-Guanidine Nitrate was recovered as 14C-CO2 after 30hours. The addition of nutrients (glucose or molasses), or incubation at test flask under aerobic versus anaerobic conditions, did not increase the mineralization of Guanidine Nitrate.
- Executive summary:
Guanidine Nitrate was rapidly and extensively mineralized. More than 50 % of the 14C-Guanidine Nitrate added was evolved as 14C-CO2 within the first 48 hours of incubation. Approximately 68% of the added 14C-Guanidine Nitrate was recovered as 14C-CO2 after 30hours. The addition of nutrients (glucose or molasses), or incubation at test flask under aerobic versus anaerobic conditions, did not increase the mineralization of Guanidine Nitrate.
Referenceopen allclose all
Mineralization of Guanidinium Carbon at several concentrations in Duffield Soil:
Guanidiniume concentration (mg/kg soil) |
Half life (days)1 |
final percentage of guanidinium carbon mineralized (%) |
10 |
2.5 |
78 |
25 |
5 |
78 |
50 |
6 |
77 |
100 |
8 |
76 |
200 |
12 |
78 |
400 |
17 |
62 |
1numbers graphically determined from figure in publication
Effects of Carbon and nitrogen compounds on the mineralization of Guanidiunium Carbon in Duffied Soil:
Sample |
nM mineralized/24h (1s) |
% control (1s) |
control1 |
634 (4) |
100 (<1) |
carbon added as:2 |
|
|
Cellulose |
776 (26) |
122.4 (4) |
Glucose |
2481 (273) |
391.4 (43) |
Nitrogen added as:2 |
|
|
Ammonium |
579 (47) |
91.3(7) |
Nitrate |
596(8) |
94(1.3) |
Nitroguanidine |
542(22) |
85.5(3.5) |
Composite |
578(44) |
91.7(7) |
1Triplicate flasks each contained 1microCi and 20.9 microM guanidinium at a concentration
of 100mg/kg soil
2Carbon and nitrogen compounds were 4% (w/w) and 20.9microM respectively
Guanidine Nitrate can be classified as "part of applied N rapidly available with gradual mineralization of the remaining N". Complete mineralization of (100microg N/g soil) Guanidine Nitrate ranged between 42 and 77 days depending on the soil used.
Description of key information
Guanidine was rapidly and extensively mineralized in soil with a half-live of 2.5-8 days for
guanidine concentrations of 2.5-100mg/kg soil.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Half-life in soil:
- 8 d
- at the temperature of:
- 25 °C
Additional information
14-C Guanidinium in aerated soil is biodegraded with a half live of 2.5 - 8 days for guanidine concentrations of 2.5 – 100 mg/kg dw. The degradation rate is dependent on the concentration of guanidinium with a lower degradation rate at high concentrations, on the type of soil used and on the availability of carbon sources (Glucose or Cellulose) which enhance mineralization rate. Nitrogen in form of Ammonium, Nitrate, Nitroguanidine only slightly inhibit guanidinium mineralization. Also other studies of Praveen-Kumar and Brumme (1999) and Williams et al (1989) supports the conclusion that Guanidine Nitrate was rapidly and extensively mineralized in soil although the values differ depending on the soil and method used and there are some different findings concerning the dependence of mineralization on availability of carbon source.
Justification for read-across:
Guanidine hydrochloride and guanidine nitrate dissociate in aqueous media to yield the guanidine ion and the respective anion. Therefore it is reasonable to discuss the effects of the ions separately. The chloride ion is a naturally occurring essential ion in human beings with well-known metabolism and mechanisms of action as described in standard textbooks on pharmacology and physiology. As well it is found as salt in the Earth´s crust and is dissolved in seawater. The nitrate ion occures in waste waters and natural waters with other sources as guanidine nitrate (for example fertilisers). Nitrate is a nitrogen source for algae and microorganisms. It is metabilised and incorporated by organisms or reduced to nitrogen.
Effects of guanidine hydrochloride are expected to be based primarily on the guanidine ion. The physiological processing of the guanidine ion is expected to be independent of the individual source. Therefore read-across from guanidine hydrochloride for effects of guanidine dissociated from guanidine nitrate is considered valid. This strategy is supported by a quite similar toxicological profile of both substances, as shown in acute toxicity, irritation, sensitization and genotoxic studies.
A more detailed justification is attached and outlined in CSR chapter 1.1.2 as well.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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