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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 201-069-1 | CAS number: 77-92-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to other above-ground organisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other above-ground organisms
- Remarks:
- bat
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- The study did not follow any guideline and is not GLP, but is acceptable for assessment.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Potential citric acid exposure and toxicity to Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) associated with Eleutherodactylus frog control
- Author:
- William C. Pitt, W. Witmer, Susan M. Jojola, Hans Sin
- Year:
- 2 014
- Bibliographic source:
- Ecotoxicology (2014) 23:429-436
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No guideline present
Two methods of gavage treatment were performed: 1) holding volume constant at 1mL and adjusting concentration
2) holding concentration constant and adjusting volume. One animal was treated and effects observed after 48h and then treating a second animal with either a higher or lower dose, depending on previous response. Doses were seperated by a factor of 1.4.
Bats were fed with a syringe with a 5.08 cm gavage needle.
Only females were used.
Observation in the first hour, then every hour up to 6h, then every 4h up to 24h and periodic observations from 24 to 48h. - GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Citric acid
- EC Number:
- 201-069-1
- EC Name:
- Citric acid
- Cas Number:
- 77-92-9
- Molecular formula:
- C6H8O7
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Aqueous citric acid solutions were prepared.
Two methods of gavage treatment were performed: 1) holding volume constant at 1mL and adjusting concentration
2) holding concentration constant and adjusting volume. One animal was treated and effects observed after 48h and then treating a second animal with either a higher or lower dose, depending on previous response. Doses were seperated by a factor of 1.4.
Bats were fed with a syringe with a 5.08 cm gavage needle.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other: bat
- Details on test organisms:
- females
big brown bats: Eptesicus fuscus
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 22 °C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 542 - 7341 mg/kg
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 542 mg/kg bw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Emesis
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 759 mg/kg bw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Emesis
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2 811 mg/kg bw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- No effect occured to bats at the lowest concentration of 542 mg/kg bw. At 759 mg/kg emesis occured in 1 of 3 exposed bats.
The dose of 2811 mg/kg was toxic.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In a 48 h bat study, no effect was observed up to a concentration of 759 mg/kg bw, where emesis was observed, whereas at 2811 mg/kg bw it was toxic.
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