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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-659-4 | CAS number: 7681-11-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The published literature fulfilled basically scientific principles.
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 001
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In order to study at the ultrastructural level which part of the skin is associated with percutaneous iodide transport by passive diffusion, the iodide (KI solution) was applied to the frozen skin of human. Then by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray microanalysis (XRMA), the distribution of iodide in each layer of skin after passive diffusion can be well investigated.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Publication
- Test type:
- other: In vitro percutaneous penetration test
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- iodide in KI
- IUPAC Name:
- iodide in KI
- Details on test material:
- potassium iodide (KI) was from Difco Laboratories (Detroit, MI).
KI-Agar Gel Standards
To obtain KI-agar gels containing 0.0, 0.056, 0.11, 0.56, and 1.1 M KI, first a 7% (w/w) solution of agar was heated up to 100°C. Then this solution was cooled to 50°C and subsequently mixed with the same volume of a KI solution of a known concentration (containing 0.1% (w/w) Na2S2O3) so that the desired concentration KI in gel was obtained. Finally the KI-agar solution was allowed to gel at 4°C.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: in vitro human skin
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- other: The stratum corneum side was exposed to a 1.1 M KI solution
- Vehicle:
- water
- Remarks:
- 1.1 M KI solution
- Duration of exposure:
- 10 h
- Doses:
- 1.1 M KI solution
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Irrelevant
- Control animals:
- not required
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
After passive diffusion, iodide was mainly found in the stratum corneum (SC), whereas there was little iodide in the viable epidermis.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: The dermal absorption is negligible
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: irrelevant
- Conclusions:
- Iodide was mainly found in the stratum corneum (SC), whereas there was little iodide in the viable epidermis.
- Executive summary:
In order to study at the ultrastructural level which part of the skin is associated with percutaneous iodide transport by passive diffusion, the iodide (KI solution) was applied to the frozen skin of human. Then by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray microanalysis (XRMA), the distribution of iodide in each layer of skin after passive diffusion can be well investigated. It concluded that the iodide can penetrate into stratum corneum (SC), but little can enter viable epidermis.
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