1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C8-10-alkyl esters

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1994-02-17 to 1994-03-07

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD guideline 208 "Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test", adopted 4 April 1984

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): WITAMOL 118
- Substance type: product
- Physical state: liquid
- Other: none

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

- Method of mixing into soil: 0.16 g of test substance were mixed with 20 g silica sand and 1580 g soil
- Controls: yes, negative control

Species:

Triticum aestivum

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: wheat
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: not mentioned
- Source of seed: Hüls Gartenbaubetrieb, Marl, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: not mentioned
- Historical germination of seed (germination of seed lot tested): not tested
- Seed storage: not mentioned

Species:

Brassica alba

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: mustard
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: not mentioned
- Source of seed: Hüls Gartenbetriebe, Marl, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: not mentioned
- Historical germination of seed (germination of seed lot tested): ot tested
- Seed storage: not mentioned

Species:

Lepidum sativum

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: garden cress
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: not mentioned
- Source of seed: Hüls Gartenbetriebe, Marl, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: not mentioned
- Historical germination of seed (germination of seed lot tested): ot tested
- Seed storage: not mentioned

Test type:

seedling emergence toxicity test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

artificial soil

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

18 d

Post exposure observation period:

none

Test temperature:

20 - 25 °C

pH:

6.6

Moisture:

approx. 60 % (maximum holding water capacity) at the beginning of the test, no further details mentioned

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: partly air-conditioned room, no further details mentioned
- Test container (type, material, size): flowerpots of black plastics (diameter top/bottom approx. 8/6 cm; height approx. 6 cm)
- Amount of soil: 100 g test substrate per planting pot
- Method of seeding: not mentioned
- No. of seeds per container: 5
- No. of plants (retained after thinning): no thinning performed
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 20 (for each plant species 4 replicates with 5 seeds each)
- No. of replicates per control: 20 (4 replicates with 5 seeds each)



SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Composition (if artificial substrate): corresponded to the requirements of the guideline, no further details mentioned
- Organic carbon (%): < 1.5 %
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): approx. 60 %
- CEC: not mentioned
- Pretreatment of soil: sieved with 0.5 cm mesh, no further details mentioned
- Storage (condition, duration): not mentioned


NUTRIENT MEDIUM: not used


GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h darkness
- Light source: not mentioned
- Light intensity and quality: approx. 1500 Lux (day), approx. 50 Lux (night)
- Day/night temperatures: 20 - 25 °C, not differentiated between day and night
- Relative humidity (%): approx. 98 %
- Wind velocity: not applicable
- Air exchange rate: not mentioned
- Watering regime and schedules:
- Water source/type: not mentioned
- Volume applied: not mentioned
- Interval of applications: once to twice per week
- Method of application: not mentioned
- Any pest control method/fertilization (if used): not used

ACCLIMATION PERIOD: not mentioned


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : emergence of seeds, weight of overground part of plant at the end of the test


- Phytotoxicity rating system (if used): not used

Nominal and measured concentrations:

100 mg /kg soil (nominal)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Species:

Triticum aestivum

Duration:

19 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Key result

Species:

Triticum aestivum

Duration:

19 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Key result

Species:

Brassica alba

Duration:

19 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Key result

Species:

Brassica alba

Duration:

19 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Key result

Species:

Lepidum sativum

Duration:

19 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Key result

Species:

Lepidum sativum

Duration:

19 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Details on results:

SEEDLING EMERGENCE
- Percent seedling emergence: see below
- Percent survival: see below
- Plant height: not measured
- Dry weight: not measured, fresh weight was measured: see below
- Abnormal seed development or appearance: not determined
- Other effects: none

Results with reference substance (positive control):

no reference substance tested

Reported statistics and error estimates:

not significantly different (t-test, alpha = 0.05)

- Nominal concentrations: 100 mg/kg dry soil

- Effect data: Wheat

- Emergence: 90% (18/20)

- mean fresh weight: 339 ± 90 mg

Control:

- Emergence: 90% (18/20)

- mean fresh weight: 345 ± 91 mg

- Effect data: Cress

- Emergence: 95% (19/20)

- mean fresh weight: 100 ± 27 mg

Control:

- Emergence: 100% (20/20)

- mean fresh weight: 80 ± 24 mg

- Effect data: Mustard

- Emergence: 95% (19/20)

- mean fresh weight: 228 ± 47 mg

Control:

- Emergence: 95% (19/20)

- mean fresh weight: 238 ± 70 mg

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Executive summary:

For all 3 tested terrestrial plants (triticum aestivum, Brassica alba, Lepidum sativum) no negative effects for seedling emergence and growth up to the highest concentration of 100 mg/kg soil dw 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C8-10-alkyl esters could be observed.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)

Version / remarks:

Study conducted with three terrestrial plant species

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Tightly closed, at a dry and good ventilated place.
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: Not applicable

TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: None.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

- Method of mixing into soil (if used):The respective test item amount was weighed out for each concentration and blended thoroughly with quartz sand (1 % of the entire soil amount per concentration). Afterwards the test item - quartz sand mixture and an appropriate amount of demineralised water (adjusting the soil to a moisture of 50 % of the maximum water holding capacity (WHC)) were added to the soil.
- Controls: Untreated soil.

Species:

Allium cepa

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Onion
- Plant family: Amaryllidaceae
- Source of seed: Hild Samen GmbH, Marbach, Germany
- Seed storage: The seeds were stored in the dark at the test facility at room temperature (22 ± 10 °C) and protected from moisture until use.

Species:

Beta vulgaris

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Sugar beet
- Plant family: Amaranthaceae
- Source of seed: KWS Saat SE, Einbeck, Germany
- Seed storage: The seeds were stored in the dark at the test facility at room temperature (22 ± 10 °C) and protected from moisture until use.

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Soybean
- Plant family: Fabaceae
- Source of seed: Farmsaat AG, Everswinkel, Germany
- Seed storage: The seeds were stored in the dark at the test facility at room temperature (22 ± 10 °C) and protected from moisture until use.

Test type:

seedling emergence and seedling growth test

Study type:

extended laboratory study

Substrate type:

natural soil

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Remarks:

28 d exposure for onion

Test temperature:

16.1 - 25.8°C

pH:

6.14 ± 0.03

Moisture:

50% of max. WHC

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: NOACK Laboratorien GmbH, Saarstedt, Germany
- Test container (type, material, size): Non-porous plastic containers (standard flower pots) with a diameter of ca. 12 cm.
- Amount of soil: 0.7 kg
- Method of seeding: Seeding holes were made with a seedling pistil, one seed was given into each hole and covered with soil.
- No. of seeds per container: 5 (3 for soybeans)
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 8
- No. of replicates per control: 8
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: Not applicable

SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Source: Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt Speyer (LUFA), Obere Langgasse 40, 67346 Speyer, Germany; Dörentrup Quarz GmbH Co. KG, An der Sandgrube 1,
31089 Duingen, Germany
- Composition (if artificial substrate): A 2:1 mixture of natural soil LUFA 2.2 (batch number: Sp2.23916) and quartz sand was used.
- Grain size: =< 2 mm
- Carbon content: 0.943 %
- pH-value: 6.14 ± 0.03
- Maximum water holding capacity: 43.51 g/100 g soil DW

NUTRIENT MEDIUM
- Description: Bottom watering of the test containerswith 0.05 ‰ fertilizer solution (HAKAPHOS® SOFT SPEZIAL 16+8+22(+3); Origin:Grünes Landhaus, St. Godehard-Str. 23, 31139 Hildesheim, Germany)

GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16h
- Light source: Cool white fluorescent tubes
- Light intensity: 5235 ± 692 lux
- Day/night temperatures: 16.1 - 25.8
- Relative humidity (%): 27.9 - 78.8
- Watering regime and schedules: Bottom watering
- Interval of applications: Once at study initiation.
- Method of application: Test item amount was weighed out for each concentration and blended thoroughly with quartz sand .

ACCLIMATION PERIOD:

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Number of emerged seedlings, number of dead plants and visual phytotoxic effects on day 7, 14 and 21, onion additionally on day 28.
- At the end of the study the shoot heights (in cm) and the shoot fresh weights of the shoots (in g) were measured additionally, directly after cutting the plants at the soil surface.

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: not applicable

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: not applicable
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 10 - 100 - 1000 mg/kg dw
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No significant effects at 10 mg/kg dw and effects at 100 and 1000 mg/kg dw not conclusive/significant. Therefore concentration range of <100 - 1000 mg/kg dw chosen for definitive test.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 1000 - 500 - 250 - 125 - 62.5 mg/kg DW

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Remarks:

No reference item is recommended for this test according to the test guideline (OECD 208).

Key result

Species:

Allium cepa

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks:

(shoot height and shoot fresh weight)

Key result

Species:

Allium cepa

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Key result

Species:

Beta vulgaris

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

(hoot height and shoot fresh weight)

Key result

Species:

Beta vulgaris

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Key result

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

(shoot weight and shoot fresh weight)

Key result

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Details on results:

No significant effects observed for any parameter.

	Test concentration [mg/kg DW]	Mean Emergence rate Day 7 [%]	Mean Emergence rate Day 14 [%]	Mean Emergence rate at test end - Day 21 (Day 28 for onion) [%]	Shoot Height at Test End, Mean ± SD [cm]	Shoot Fresh Weight at Test End, Mean ± SD [mg]
Onion	control	0	80	80	16.1 ± 1.6	204 ± 45
	62.5	0	83	83	16.2 ± 2.3	201 ± 41
	125	0	88	88	15.7 ± 2.3	202 ± 45
	250	0	73	73	16.3 ± 2.2	200 ± 41
	500	0	80	83	15.1 ± 2.4	194 ± 44
	1000	0	80	85	16.6 ± 1.2	204 ± 40
Sugar beet	control	88	90	90	8.6 ± 0.7	794 ± 186
	62.5	88	95	95	9.0 ± 1.4	825 ± 270
	125	98	98	98	9.7 ± 0.6	922 ± 78
	250	90	93	93	9.2 ± 0.9	872 ± 177
	500	93	93	93	9.2 ± 0.4	907 ± 142
	1000	95	95	95	9.1 ± 0.8	867 ± 178
Soybean	control	75	92	96	18.7 ± 2.5	2145 ± 436
	62.5	67	79	79	20.3 ± 1.4	2345 ± 361
	125	71	71	71	20.7 ± 1.9	2561 ± 452
	250	58	67	71	18.7 ± 2.2	2056 ± 367
	500	75	83	88	19.4 ± 2.8	2106 ± 481
	1000	63	71	71	19.9 ± 3.3	2152 ± 659

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

No test item related phytotoxic effects and mortality occurred during the test period for all plant species. The statistically determined NOEC value is ≥ 1000 mg/kg DW.
The results of the control for all plant species met the required validity criteria. Therefore, the test is considered to be valid.

Executive summary:

The phytotoxicity of 1,2 -Benzenedicaboxylic acid, di-C8 -10 -alkyl esters to three terrestrial plant species was determined in a seedling emergence and seedling growth test over a period of 21 days (onion: 28 days), from 2017-01-11 to 2017-02-08, according to OECD 208 (July 2006).

Test systems comprised one monocotyledon (onion, Amaryllidaceae), and two dicotyledons (sugar beet, Amaranthaceae; soybean, Fabaceae) and the test was conducted with test concentrations of 1000 - 500 - 250 - 125 - 62.5 mg/kg DW. The test item was incorporated into the soil in which the seeds were sown afterwards. The test containers were bottom watered with nutrient solution as needed.

Potential toxic effects of the test item were assessed on day 7, 14 and 21 (onion additionally on day 28) by visual observations (number of emerged seedlings and phytotoxic effects) and at test end by shoot height and shoot fresh weight determination.

No test item related phytotoxic effects and mortality occurred during the test period for all plant species. The statistically determined NOEC value is ≥ 1000 mg/kg DW.

The results of the control for all plant species met the required validity criteria. Therefore, the test is considered to be valid.

Description of key information

(Short-term) LC10: > 100 mg/kg dw

(Long-term) NOEC ≥ 1000 mg/kg dw

Additional information

For all 3 tested terrestrial plants (Triticum aestivum, Brassica alba, Lepidum sativum) no negative effects for seedling emergence and growth up to the highest concentration of 100 mg/kg soil dw 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C8-10-alkyl esters could be observed.

In an another long-term terrestrial plant toxicity study with 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C8-10-alkyl esters three additional species (Allium cepa, Beta vulgaris, Glycine max) were tested. No effects on seedling emergence or growth (shoot height, shoot fresh weight) were found in the highest test concentration and therefore the NOEC was determined as ≥1000 mg/kg dw.

These studies are supported by the result with the structurally related substance 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C6-10-alkyl esters with a LC10 in excess of 100 mg/kg dry soil.