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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

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Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
27 March 2018 to 06 June 2018
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
Version / remarks:
"Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test", adopted 19 July 2006
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Method of mixing into soil: dry soil was weighed into a glass container before the measured substance was added. This was then thoroughly mixed in a pestle and mortar before being mixed into the weighed bulk of the test soil. Sufficient Reverse Osmosis (RO) water (ca. 26 mL/kg dry soil) was then added to give a soil structure suitable for sowing
- Controls: untreated water control group using the same amounts of moist soil, dry soil and volumes of RO water were used as for the substance treatment groups
Species:
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Cabbage
- Plant family: Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness
Species:
Daucus carota
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Carrot
- Plant family: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Lettuce
- Plant family: Asteraceae (Compositae)
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness
Species:
Lycopersicon esculentum
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Tomato
- Plant family: Solanaceae
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness
Species:
Avena sativa
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Oat
- Plant family: Poaceae (Gramineae)
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness
Species:
Allium cepa
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Onion
- Plant family: Liliaceae (Amarylladaceae)
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness
Test type:
seedling emergence and seedling growth test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
Sandy loam: Sand 79% w/w; Silt 10% w/w; Clay 11% w/w (organic carbon 1.1%, organic matter 1.89%, pH 7.5) All soil analysis was carried out by Natural Resource Management Ltd (non-GLP)
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Remarks:
15-18 days after germination of at least 50% of the control seedlings, giving a total exposure period of 21 days.
Test temperature:
19.0 – 29.9 °C
pH:
Application Cabbage,carrot & lettuce Tomato,oat & onion
0 8.6 8.6
62.5 8.6 8.5
125 8.6 8.6
250 8.5 8.6
500 8.7 8.6
1000 8.6 8.6

pre-test 7.2
Moisture:
3.81%
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test container: 9.5 cm internal diameter plastic pots were used, each filled to a depth of ca. 75 mm
- Amount of soil: 11273.33 g for tomato,oat and onion; 11836.99 g for cabbage, carrot and lettuce
- Method of seeding: seeds spaced out on the soil surface cobered with ca 15 mm soil
- No. of seeds per container: 3 for cabbage, carrot and lettuce/2 for tomato/4 for oat and oninon
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 7 for cabbage, carrot and lettuce/10 for tomato/ 5 for oat and onion
- No. of replicates per control: 7 for cabbage, carrot and lettuce/10 for tomato/ 5 for oat and onion

SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Soil texture: sandy loam
- % sand: 79
- % silt: 10
- % clay: 11
- Soil taxonomic classification: sandy loam
- Organic carbon (%): 1.1
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): no data
- Pretreatment of soil: sieved prior to use to remove all particles >2 mm.

GROWTH CONDITIONS
Temperature : 19.0-29.9 °C
Relative humidity: 41.31 – 99.71%
Light intensity:
Plantspecies Light (lux)
Cabbage 2590 - 4910
Carrot 2910 - 5860
Lettuce 3280 - 6970
Oat 4590 - 15760
Onion 4090 - 10770
Tomato 2660 - 5530


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : Germination (daily), health and survival (every 1-3 days visual assessments based on the overall condition), height and wet weight (at the end of the test)

- Phytotoxicity rating system :
Score Description
0 No effects observed
1 Minor effects - Slight discoloration of leaves, growth and development of leaves and plants (less than 10%)
2 Notable effects - discoloration of leaves, slight leaf shape/size deformity, very slight growth inhibition (10 – 20%)
3 Slight growth inhibition, leaf shape/size deformity, signs of chlorosis/phytotoxicity (less than 25%)
4 Significant growth inhibition, 25 - 40% chlorosis/phytotoxicity, leaf development affected
5 Approximately half leaf cover by chlorosis/phytotoxicity, significant plant growth inhibition
6 Major chlorosis/phytotoxicity (50 - 75%), leaf wilting, average leaf number affected significantly, height significantly affected
7 Severe chlorosis/phytotoxicity (75 - 80%), leaf deformity, height significantly inhibited, average leaf number affected
8 Near total chlorosis/phytotoxicity of leaves (80%+), severe growth inhibition, stem/leaf wilting, average leaf number affected, growing point aborting
9 Wilted plants, complete chlorosis/phytotoxicity of leaves, lack of growth/development, average leaf number affected, leaf fall
10 Plant considered dead


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Based on range finding study at 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. For cabbage, carrot and lettuce, four replicate pots of three seeds were sown, for tomato six pots of two seeds were sown, with four pots of four seeds for oat and onion.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: There were no treatment related adverse effects on the germination or survival of any species at rates up to 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. Statistically significant reductions in height and weight were recorded in all the test species at the highest treatment rate of 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil, with the exception of the carrot height data which showed no significant effect at any treatment rate.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for all species
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Species:
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks:
survival
Species:
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
height
Species:
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
wet weight
Species:
Daucus carota
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks:
survival
Species:
Daucus carota
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
height
Species:
Daucus carota
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
wet weight
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks:
survival
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
height
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
wet weight
Species:
Lycopersicon esculentum
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks:
survival
Species:
Lycopersicon esculentum
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
height
Species:
Lycopersicon esculentum
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
wet weight
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks:
survival
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
height
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
125 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
wet weight
Species:
Allium cepa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks:
survival
Species:
Allium cepa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
height
Species:
Allium cepa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
wet weight
Details on results:
Visually assigned plant growth inhibition in cabbage, carot, lettuce, tomato, oat and onion at 1000 mg/kg dry soil: 50%, 25-40%, 10-20%, 50%, 10-20% and 50% respectively
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Height and weight: Williams test and Dunnett’s test
Germination: one-tailed (upper-tail) Fisher’s exact test

Germination and survival

Plant species

Treatment

Application rate

(mg a.i./kg dry soil)

Number germinated

(n=21 or 20a)

Plant germination

(%)

Total number of surviving plants evaluated at final assessment

Percent survival

(%)

Cabbage

Water control

 0

 21

100

 21

100

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 21

100

 21

100

 125

 21

100

 21

100

 250

 21

100

 21

100

 500

 21

100

 21

100

 1000

 21

100

 21

100

Carrot

Water control

 0

 21

100

 21

100

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 21

100

 21

100

 125

 21

100

 21

100

 250

 21

100

 21

100

 500

 21

100

 21

100

 1000

 21

100

 21

100

Lettuce

Water control

 0

 21

100

 21

100

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 21

100

 21

100

 125

 21

100

 21

100

 250

 21

100

 21

100

 500

 21

100

 21

100

 1000

18

85.7

18

100

Tomato

Water control

 0

 20

100

 20

100

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 18

90

 18

100

 125

 20

100

 20

100

 250

 20

100

 20

100

 500

 20

100

 20

100

 1000

 19

95

 19

100

Oat

Water control

 0

 20

100

 20

100

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 20

100

 20

100

 125

 19

95

 19

100

 250

 20

100

 20

100

 500

 19

95

 19

100

 1000

 17

85

 17

100

Onion

 

Water control

 0

 19

95

 19

100

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 20

100

 20

100

 125

 20

100

 20

100

 250

 20

100

 20

100

 500

 16

80

 16

100

 1000

 9

45***

 9

100

an = 21 for cabbage, carrot and lettuce; n = 20 for tomato, oat and onion.

*** p <0.001

Effect on height in comparison to the water control

Plant

species

Treatment

Application rate

(mg a.i./kg dry soil)

Geometric mean (cm)

% increase (+) or reduction (-) in mean height

p

Cabbage

Water control

0

 5.507

-

-

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 

 62.5

 5.142

 -7

0.433W

 125

 5.087

 -8

0.433W

 250

 4.449

 -19

0.083W

 500

 4.922

 -11

0.083W

 1000

 2.625

 -52

<0.001***W

Carrot

Water control

0

 2.774

 -

-

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 

 62.5

 2.668

 -4

0.998W

 125

 2.655

 -4

0.998W

 250

 2.858

+3

0.998W

 500

 2.619

 -6

0.520W

 1000

 2.557

 -8

0.304W

Lettuce

Water control

0

 1.167

-

-

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 1.178

+2

1.000D

 125

 1.567

+34

0.224D

 250

 1.251

+7

0.989D

 500

 1.144

 -2

1.000D

 1000

 1.060

 -9

0.963D

Tomato

Water control

0

 5.934

 -

-

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 5.543

 -7

0.475W

 125

 5.467

 -8

0.468W

 250

 5.374

 -9

0.383W

 500

 5.237

 -12

0.251W

 1000

 4.270

 -28

0.001**W

Oat

Water control

0

 40.591

-

-

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 36.444

 -10

0.164W

 125

 37.759

 -7

0.164W

 250

 36.454

 -10

0.136W

 500

 37.112

 -9

0.136W

 1000

 21.809

 -46

<0.001***W

Onion

Water control

0

 12.657

-

-

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 12.545

 -1

1.000W

 125

 11.599

 -8

1.000W

 250

 13.038

+3

1.000W

 500

 12.095

 -4

0.985W

 1000

 5.326

 -58

<0.001***W

           pvalues are for the comparison with the water control using Williams' test (W) and Dunnetts test (D)

***p<0.001, **p<0.01

- Not applicable

 

Effects on wet weight in comparison to the water control

Plant

species

Treatment

Application rate

(mg a.i./kg dry soil)

Geometric mean (mg)

% increase (+) or reduction (-) in mean wet weight

p

Cabbage

Water control

0

 331.76

 0

-

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 322.86

 -3

0.845W

 125

 307.86

 -7

0.704W

 250

 288.81

 -13

0.425W

 500

 289.11

 -13

0.425W

 1000

 82.669

 -75

<0.001***W

Carrot

Water control

0

 63.600

 0

 

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 62.508

 -2

1.000W

 125

 62.727

 -1

1.000W

 250

 58.738

 -8

0.900W

 500

 61.730

 -3

0.900W

 1000

 32.613

 -49

<0.001***W

Lettuce

Water control

0

 387.99

 0

 

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 393.42

+1

1.000W

 125

 426.58

+10

1.000W

 250

 409.49

+6

1.000W

 500

 356.74

 -8

0.626W

 1000

 198.29

 -49

<0.001***W

Tomato

Water control

0

 567.31

 0

 

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 479.09

 -16

0.338W

 125

 462.31

 -19

0.338W

 250

 480.71

 -15

0.338W

 500

 448.31

 -21

0.205W

 1000

 156.80

 -72

<0.001***W

Oat

Water control

0

 806.49

 0

 

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 740.14

 -8

0.652W

 125

 744.06

 -8

0.652W

 250

 573.63

 -29

0.029*W

 500

 590.77

 -27

0.029*W

 1000

 179.70

 -78

<0.001***W

Onion

Water control

0

 112.00

 0

 

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

 62.5

 120.99

+8

1.000W

 125

 107.06

 -4

1.000W

 250

 136.69

+22

1.000W

 500

 114.80

+3

1.000W

 1000

 24.960

 -78

<0.001***W

           pvalues are for the comparison with the water control using Williams' test (W)

           ***p<0.001, *p<0.05

           - Not applicable

EC25, EC50and NOEC values for height and wet weight in comparison to the water control

Plant species

Parameter

 

Estimate

(mg a.i./kg dry soil)

95% Confidence interval

(mg a.i./kg dry soil)

Cabbage

Height

EC25

EC50

775.15

>1000

506.54, 957.17

900.68, 1326.76

NOEC

500

-

Wet weight

EC25

EC50

646.20

816.65

477.69, 887.92

683.52, 973.16

NOEC

500

-

Carrot

Height

EC25

EC50

>1000

>1000

Not estimable

Not estimable

NOEC

1000

-

Wet weight

EC25

EC50

895.11

>1000

607.06, 985.38

927.36, 1440.91

NOEC

500

-

Lettuce

Height

EC25

EC50

>1000

>1000

Not estimable

Not estimable

NOEC

1000

-

Wet weight

EC25

EC50

688.95

985.89

491.35, 951.08

808.55, 1346.01

NOEC

500

-

Tomato

Height

EC25

>1000

Not estimable

EC50

>1000

Not estimable

NOEC

500

-

Wet weight

EC25

635.98

423.95, 910.52

EC50

864.78

718.16, 1037.64

NOEC

500

-

Oat

Height

EC25

858.91

733.26, 962.51

EC50

>1000

1006.78, 1210.73

NOEC

500

-

Wet weight

EC25

464.06

216.74, 715.62

EC50

716.79

524.01, 884.94

NOEC

125

-

Onion

Height

EC25

795.47

627.09, 946.07

EC50

982.56

871.38, 1125.47

NOEC

500

-

Wet weight

EC25

716.89

531.25, 895.45

EC50

843.78

669.78, 981.12

NOEC

500

-

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The NOEC for plant growth in cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and onion is 500 mg/kg soil dw.
The NOEC for plant growth in oat is 125 mg/kg soil dw.
Executive summary:

A study according to OECD 208 was performed with four dicotyledons, (cabbage, carrot, lettuce and tomato) and two monocotyledons, (oat and onion), to determine the toxicity of the substance to seedling emergence and seedling growth of non-target plant species during early critical stages in their development. Each plant species was sown into treated soil and monitored for 15 - 18 days following a minimum of 50% germination in the controls.

For cabbage, carrot and lettuce, 7 replicate pots of three seeds were sown for each of the treatment rates and the untreated water control, with 10 pots of two seeds for tomato and 5 pots of four seeds for oat and onion. The soil used was a sandy loam, sieved to remove all particles > 2 mm. 

After application and sowing, the pots were checked daily and the numbers of emerged seedlings were recorded. Emergence, survival and sub-lethal effects were recorded daily up to a minimum of 50% emergence of control seedlings and thereafter every one to three days. Plants were harvested 15 - 18 days after 50% control germination, giving a total exposure period of 21 days. The height of each individual plant was then measured before being weighed to obtain a measurement of wet weight.

 

No visible treatment related effects were observed in the controls.

There were no statistically significant effects on germination or survival in any plant species at any treatment rate except for onion at 1000 mg a.i./kg where a 53% reduction in germination in comparison to the control (p<0.001***) was recorded.

The EC25 values for effects on height were estimated to be >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the carrot, lettuce and tomato, and 775.15, 858.91 and 7 95.47 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, oat and onion respectively.

The EC50 values for effects on height were estimated to be >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and oat, and 982.56 mg a.i./kg dry soil for onion.

The NOEC values for effects on height were 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for carrot and lettuce, and 500 mg a.i./kg dry soil for cabbage, tomato, oat and onion.

The EC25 values for effects on wet weight were estimated to be 646.20, 895.11, 688.95, 635.98, 464.06 and 716.89 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato, oat and onion respectively.

The EC50 values for effects on wet weight were 816.65, 985.89, 864.78, 716.79 and 843.78 mg a.i./kg dry soil for cabbage, lettuce, tomato, oat and onion respectively and >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for carrot.

The NOEC values for effects on wet weight were 500 mg a.i./kg dry soil forcabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and onion and 125 mg a.i./kg dry soil for oat.

Description of key information

A study according to OECD 208 was performed with four dicotyledons, (cabbage, carrot, lettuce and tomato) and two monocotyledons, (oat and onion), to determine the toxicity of the substance to seedling emergence and seedling growth of non-target plant species during early critical stages in their development. Each plant species was sown into treated soil and monitored for 15 - 18 days following a minimum of 50% germination in the controls.

For cabbage, carrot and lettuce, 7 replicate pots of three seeds were sown for each of the treatment rates and the untreated water control, with 10 pots of two seeds for tomato and 5 pots of four seeds for oat and onion. The soil used was a sandy loam, sieved to remove all particles > 2 mm. 

After application and sowing, the pots were checked daily and the numbers of emerged seedlings were recorded. Emergence, survival and sub-lethal effects were recorded daily up to a minimum of 50% emergence of control seedlings and thereafter every one to three days. Plants were harvested 15 - 18 days after 50% control germination, giving a total exposure period of 21 days. The height of each individual plant was then measured before being weighed to obtain a measurement of wet weight.

 

No visible treatment related effects were observed in the controls.

There were no statistically significant effects on germination or survival in any plant species at any treatment rate except for onion at 1000 mg a.i./kg where a 53% reduction in germination in comparison to the control (p<0.001) was recorded.

The EC25 values for effects on height were estimated to be >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the carrot, lettuce and tomato, and 775.15, 858.91 and 7 95.47 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, oat and onion respectively.

The EC50 values for effects on height were estimated to be >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and oat, and 982.56 mg a.i./kg dry soil for onion.

The NOEC values for effects on height were 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for carrot and lettuce, and 500 mg a.i./kg dry soil for cabbage, tomato, oat and onion.

The EC25 values for effects on wet weight were estimated to be 646.20, 895.11, 688.95, 635.98, 464.06 and 716.89 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato, oat and onion respectively.

The EC50 values for effects on wet weight were 816.65, 985.89, 864.78, 716.79 and 843.78 mg a.i./kg dry soil for cabbage, lettuce, tomato, oat and onion respectively and >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for carrot.

The NOEC values for effects on wet weight were 500 mg a.i./kg dry soil for cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and onion and 125 mg a.i./kg dry soil for oat.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
125 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

In a worst case approach the lowest NOEC as observed in oat has been selected as starting point for risk assessment. Based on the concentration organic matter as present in the soil used for the test a re-calculation of the NOEC as derived from the study will lead to a NOEC of:

125*0.034/0.0189= 225 mg/kg soil dw (equation R.10-4, ECHA Guidance R.10.6, DOSE [CONCENTRATION]-RESPONSE REGARDING ENVIRONMENT)