Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 226-641-8 | CAS number: 5444-75-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 27 March 2018 to 06 June 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
- Version / remarks:
- "Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test", adopted 19 July 2006
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil: dry soil was weighed into a glass container before the measured substance was added. This was then thoroughly mixed in a pestle and mortar before being mixed into the weighed bulk of the test soil. Sufficient Reverse Osmosis (RO) water (ca. 26 mL/kg dry soil) was then added to give a soil structure suitable for sowing
- Controls: untreated water control group using the same amounts of moist soil, dry soil and volumes of RO water were used as for the substance treatment groups
- Species:
- Brassica oleracea var. capitata
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Cabbage
- Plant family: Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness - Species:
- Daucus carota
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Carrot
- Plant family: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness - Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Lettuce
- Plant family: Asteraceae (Compositae)
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness - Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Tomato
- Plant family: Solanaceae
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness - Species:
- Avena sativa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Oat
- Plant family: Poaceae (Gramineae)
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness - Species:
- Allium cepa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Onion
- Plant family: Liliaceae (Amarylladaceae)
- Source of seed: from commercial suppliers
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: no data
- Historical germination of seed: >70%
- Seed storage: dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness - Test type:
- seedling emergence and seedling growth test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- Sandy loam: Sand 79% w/w; Silt 10% w/w; Clay 11% w/w (organic carbon 1.1%, organic matter 1.89%, pH 7.5) All soil analysis was carried out by Natural Resource Management Ltd (non-GLP)
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Remarks:
- 15-18 days after germination of at least 50% of the control seedlings, giving a total exposure period of 21 days.
- Test temperature:
- 19.0 – 29.9 °C
- pH:
- Application Cabbage,carrot & lettuce Tomato,oat & onion
0 8.6 8.6
62.5 8.6 8.5
125 8.6 8.6
250 8.5 8.6
500 8.7 8.6
1000 8.6 8.6
pre-test 7.2 - Moisture:
- 3.81%
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container: 9.5 cm internal diameter plastic pots were used, each filled to a depth of ca. 75 mm
- Amount of soil: 11273.33 g for tomato,oat and onion; 11836.99 g for cabbage, carrot and lettuce
- Method of seeding: seeds spaced out on the soil surface cobered with ca 15 mm soil
- No. of seeds per container: 3 for cabbage, carrot and lettuce/2 for tomato/4 for oat and oninon
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 7 for cabbage, carrot and lettuce/10 for tomato/ 5 for oat and onion
- No. of replicates per control: 7 for cabbage, carrot and lettuce/10 for tomato/ 5 for oat and onion
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Soil texture: sandy loam
- % sand: 79
- % silt: 10
- % clay: 11
- Soil taxonomic classification: sandy loam
- Organic carbon (%): 1.1
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): no data
- Pretreatment of soil: sieved prior to use to remove all particles >2 mm.
GROWTH CONDITIONS
Temperature : 19.0-29.9 °C
Relative humidity: 41.31 – 99.71%
Light intensity:
Plantspecies Light (lux)
Cabbage 2590 - 4910
Carrot 2910 - 5860
Lettuce 3280 - 6970
Oat 4590 - 15760
Onion 4090 - 10770
Tomato 2660 - 5530
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : Germination (daily), health and survival (every 1-3 days visual assessments based on the overall condition), height and wet weight (at the end of the test)
- Phytotoxicity rating system :
Score Description
0 No effects observed
1 Minor effects - Slight discoloration of leaves, growth and development of leaves and plants (less than 10%)
2 Notable effects - discoloration of leaves, slight leaf shape/size deformity, very slight growth inhibition (10 – 20%)
3 Slight growth inhibition, leaf shape/size deformity, signs of chlorosis/phytotoxicity (less than 25%)
4 Significant growth inhibition, 25 - 40% chlorosis/phytotoxicity, leaf development affected
5 Approximately half leaf cover by chlorosis/phytotoxicity, significant plant growth inhibition
6 Major chlorosis/phytotoxicity (50 - 75%), leaf wilting, average leaf number affected significantly, height significantly affected
7 Severe chlorosis/phytotoxicity (75 - 80%), leaf deformity, height significantly inhibited, average leaf number affected
8 Near total chlorosis/phytotoxicity of leaves (80%+), severe growth inhibition, stem/leaf wilting, average leaf number affected, growing point aborting
9 Wilted plants, complete chlorosis/phytotoxicity of leaves, lack of growth/development, average leaf number affected, leaf fall
10 Plant considered dead
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Based on range finding study at 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. For cabbage, carrot and lettuce, four replicate pots of three seeds were sown, for tomato six pots of two seeds were sown, with four pots of four seeds for oat and onion.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: There were no treatment related adverse effects on the germination or survival of any species at rates up to 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. Statistically significant reductions in height and weight were recorded in all the test species at the highest treatment rate of 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil, with the exception of the carrot height data which showed no significant effect at any treatment rate. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for all species
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Brassica oleracea var. capitata
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- germination
- Remarks:
- survival
- Species:
- Brassica oleracea var. capitata
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- height
- Species:
- Brassica oleracea var. capitata
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- wet weight
- Species:
- Daucus carota
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- germination
- Remarks:
- survival
- Species:
- Daucus carota
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- height
- Species:
- Daucus carota
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- wet weight
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- germination
- Remarks:
- survival
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- height
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- wet weight
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- germination
- Remarks:
- survival
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- height
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- wet weight
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- germination
- Remarks:
- survival
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- height
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- wet weight
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- germination
- Remarks:
- survival
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- height
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- wet weight
- Details on results:
- Visually assigned plant growth inhibition in cabbage, carot, lettuce, tomato, oat and onion at 1000 mg/kg dry soil: 50%, 25-40%, 10-20%, 50%, 10-20% and 50% respectively
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Height and weight: Williams test and Dunnett’s test
Germination: one-tailed (upper-tail) Fisher’s exact test - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC for plant growth in cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and onion is 500 mg/kg soil dw.
The NOEC for plant growth in oat is 125 mg/kg soil dw. - Executive summary:
A study according to OECD 208 was performed with four dicotyledons, (cabbage, carrot, lettuce and tomato) and two monocotyledons, (oat and onion), to determine the toxicity of the substance to seedling emergence and seedling growth of non-target plant species during early critical stages in their development. Each plant species was sown into treated soil and monitored for 15 - 18 days following a minimum of 50% germination in the controls.
For cabbage, carrot and lettuce, 7 replicate pots of three seeds were sown for each of the treatment rates and the untreated water control, with 10 pots of two seeds for tomato and 5 pots of four seeds for oat and onion. The soil used was a sandy loam, sieved to remove all particles > 2 mm.
After application and sowing, the pots were checked daily and the numbers of emerged seedlings were recorded. Emergence, survival and sub-lethal effects were recorded daily up to a minimum of 50% emergence of control seedlings and thereafter every one to three days. Plants were harvested 15 - 18 days after 50% control germination, giving a total exposure period of 21 days. The height of each individual plant was then measured before being weighed to obtain a measurement of wet weight.
No visible treatment related effects were observed in the controls.
There were no statistically significant effects on germination or survival in any plant species at any treatment rate except for onion at 1000 mg a.i./kg where a 53% reduction in germination in comparison to the control (p<0.001***) was recorded.
The EC25 values for effects on height were estimated to be >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the carrot, lettuce and tomato, and 775.15, 858.91 and 7 95.47 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, oat and onion respectively.
The EC50 values for effects on height were estimated to be >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and oat, and 982.56 mg a.i./kg dry soil for onion.
The NOEC values for effects on height were 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for carrot and lettuce, and 500 mg a.i./kg dry soil for cabbage, tomato, oat and onion.
The EC25 values for effects on wet weight were estimated to be 646.20, 895.11, 688.95, 635.98, 464.06 and 716.89 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato, oat and onion respectively.
The EC50 values for effects on wet weight were 816.65, 985.89, 864.78, 716.79 and 843.78 mg a.i./kg dry soil for cabbage, lettuce, tomato, oat and onion respectively and >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for carrot.
The NOEC values for effects on wet weight were 500 mg a.i./kg dry soil forcabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and onion and 125 mg a.i./kg dry soil for oat.
Reference
Germination and survival
Plant species |
Treatment |
Application rate (mg a.i./kg dry soil) |
Number germinated (n=21 or 20a) |
Plant germination (%) |
Total number of surviving plants evaluated at final assessment |
Percent survival (%) |
Cabbage |
Water control |
0 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
|
125 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
250 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
500 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
1000 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
Carrot |
Water control |
0 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
|
125 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
250 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
500 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
1000 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
Lettuce |
Water control |
0 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
|
125 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
250 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
500 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
||
1000 |
18 |
85.7 |
18 |
100 |
||
Tomato |
Water control |
0 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
18 |
90 |
18 |
100 |
|
125 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
||
250 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
||
500 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
||
1000 |
19 |
95 |
19 |
100 |
||
Oat |
Water control |
0 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
|
125 |
19 |
95 |
19 |
100 |
||
250 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
||
500 |
19 |
95 |
19 |
100 |
||
1000 |
17 |
85 |
17 |
100 |
||
Onion
|
Water control |
0 |
19 |
95 |
19 |
100 |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
|
125 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
||
250 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
||
500 |
16 |
80 |
16 |
100 |
||
1000 |
9 |
45*** |
9 |
100 |
an = 21 for cabbage, carrot and lettuce; n = 20 for tomato, oat and onion.
*** p <0.001
Effect on height in comparison to the water control
Plant species |
Treatment |
Application rate (mg a.i./kg dry soil) |
Geometric mean (cm) |
% increase (+) or reduction (-) in mean height |
p |
Cabbage |
Water control |
0 |
5.507 |
- |
- |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate
|
62.5 |
5.142 |
-7 |
0.433W |
|
125 |
5.087 |
-8 |
0.433W |
||
250 |
4.449 |
-19 |
0.083W |
||
500 |
4.922 |
-11 |
0.083W |
||
1000 |
2.625 |
-52 |
<0.001***W |
||
Carrot |
Water control |
0 |
2.774 |
- |
- |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate
|
62.5 |
2.668 |
-4 |
0.998W |
|
125 |
2.655 |
-4 |
0.998W |
||
250 |
2.858 |
+3 |
0.998W |
||
500 |
2.619 |
-6 |
0.520W |
||
1000 |
2.557 |
-8 |
0.304W |
||
Lettuce |
Water control |
0 |
1.167 |
- |
- |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
1.178 |
+2 |
1.000D |
|
125 |
1.567 |
+34 |
0.224D |
||
250 |
1.251 |
+7 |
0.989D |
||
500 |
1.144 |
-2 |
1.000D |
||
1000 |
1.060 |
-9 |
0.963D |
||
Tomato |
Water control |
0 |
5.934 |
- |
- |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
5.543 |
-7 |
0.475W |
|
125 |
5.467 |
-8 |
0.468W |
||
250 |
5.374 |
-9 |
0.383W |
||
500 |
5.237 |
-12 |
0.251W |
||
1000 |
4.270 |
-28 |
0.001**W |
||
Oat |
Water control |
0 |
40.591 |
- |
- |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
36.444 |
-10 |
0.164W |
|
125 |
37.759 |
-7 |
0.164W |
||
250 |
36.454 |
-10 |
0.136W |
||
500 |
37.112 |
-9 |
0.136W |
||
1000 |
21.809 |
-46 |
<0.001***W |
||
Onion |
Water control |
0 |
12.657 |
- |
- |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
12.545 |
-1 |
1.000W |
|
125 |
11.599 |
-8 |
1.000W |
||
250 |
13.038 |
+3 |
1.000W |
||
500 |
12.095 |
-4 |
0.985W |
||
1000 |
5.326 |
-58 |
<0.001***W |
pvalues are for the comparison with the water control using Williams' test (W) and Dunnetts test (D)
***p<0.001, **p<0.01
- Not applicable
Effects on wet weight in comparison to the water control
Plant species |
Treatment |
Application rate (mg a.i./kg dry soil) |
Geometric mean (mg) |
% increase (+) or reduction (-) in mean wet weight |
p |
Cabbage |
Water control |
0 |
331.76 |
0 |
- |
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
322.86 |
-3 |
0.845W |
|
125 |
307.86 |
-7 |
0.704W |
||
250 |
288.81 |
-13 |
0.425W |
||
500 |
289.11 |
-13 |
0.425W |
||
1000 |
82.669 |
-75 |
<0.001***W |
||
Carrot |
Water control |
0 |
63.600 |
0 |
|
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
62.508 |
-2 |
1.000W |
|
125 |
62.727 |
-1 |
1.000W |
||
250 |
58.738 |
-8 |
0.900W |
||
500 |
61.730 |
-3 |
0.900W |
||
1000 |
32.613 |
-49 |
<0.001***W |
||
Lettuce |
Water control |
0 |
387.99 |
0 |
|
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
393.42 |
+1 |
1.000W |
|
125 |
426.58 |
+10 |
1.000W |
||
250 |
409.49 |
+6 |
1.000W |
||
500 |
356.74 |
-8 |
0.626W |
||
1000 |
198.29 |
-49 |
<0.001***W |
||
Tomato |
Water control |
0 |
567.31 |
0 |
|
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
479.09 |
-16 |
0.338W |
|
125 |
462.31 |
-19 |
0.338W |
||
250 |
480.71 |
-15 |
0.338W |
||
500 |
448.31 |
-21 |
0.205W |
||
1000 |
156.80 |
-72 |
<0.001***W |
||
Oat |
Water control |
0 |
806.49 |
0 |
|
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
740.14 |
-8 |
0.652W |
|
125 |
744.06 |
-8 |
0.652W |
||
250 |
573.63 |
-29 |
0.029*W |
||
500 |
590.77 |
-27 |
0.029*W |
||
1000 |
179.70 |
-78 |
<0.001***W |
||
Onion |
Water control |
0 |
112.00 |
0 |
|
2-ethylhexyl benzoate |
62.5 |
120.99 |
+8 |
1.000W |
|
125 |
107.06 |
-4 |
1.000W |
||
250 |
136.69 |
+22 |
1.000W |
||
500 |
114.80 |
+3 |
1.000W |
||
1000 |
24.960 |
-78 |
<0.001***W |
pvalues are for the comparison with the water control using Williams' test (W)
***p<0.001, *p<0.05
- Not applicable
EC25, EC50and NOEC values for height and wet weight in comparison to the water control
Plant species |
Parameter |
|
Estimate (mg a.i./kg dry soil) |
95% Confidence interval (mg a.i./kg dry soil) |
|
Cabbage |
Height |
EC25 EC50 |
775.15 >1000 |
506.54, 957.17 900.68, 1326.76 |
|
NOEC |
500 |
- |
|||
Wet weight |
EC25 EC50 |
646.20 816.65 |
477.69, 887.92 683.52, 973.16 |
||
NOEC |
500 |
- |
|||
Carrot |
Height |
EC25 EC50 |
>1000 >1000 |
Not estimable Not estimable |
|
NOEC |
1000 |
- |
|||
Wet weight |
EC25 EC50 |
895.11 >1000 |
607.06, 985.38 927.36, 1440.91 |
||
NOEC |
500 |
- |
|||
Lettuce |
Height |
EC25 EC50 |
>1000 >1000 |
Not estimable Not estimable |
|
NOEC |
1000 |
- |
|||
Wet weight |
EC25 EC50 |
688.95 985.89 |
491.35, 951.08 808.55, 1346.01 |
||
NOEC |
500 |
- |
|||
Tomato |
Height |
EC25 |
>1000 |
Not estimable |
|
EC50 |
>1000 |
Not estimable |
|||
NOEC |
500 |
- |
|||
Wet weight |
EC25 |
635.98 |
423.95, 910.52 |
||
EC50 |
864.78 |
718.16, 1037.64 |
|||
NOEC |
500 |
- |
|||
Oat |
Height |
EC25 |
858.91 |
733.26, 962.51 |
|
EC50 |
>1000 |
1006.78, 1210.73 |
|||
NOEC |
500 |
- |
|||
Wet weight |
EC25 |
464.06 |
216.74, 715.62 |
||
EC50 |
716.79 |
524.01, 884.94 |
|||
NOEC |
125 |
- |
|||
Onion |
Height |
EC25 |
795.47 |
627.09, 946.07 |
|
EC50 |
982.56 |
871.38, 1125.47 |
|||
NOEC |
500 |
- |
|||
Wet weight |
EC25 |
716.89 |
531.25, 895.45 |
||
EC50 |
843.78 |
669.78, 981.12 |
|||
NOEC |
500 |
- |
Description of key information
A study according to OECD 208 was performed with four dicotyledons, (cabbage, carrot, lettuce and tomato) and two monocotyledons, (oat and onion), to determine the toxicity of the substance to seedling emergence and seedling growth of non-target plant species during early critical stages in their development. Each plant species was sown into treated soil and monitored for 15 - 18 days following a minimum of 50% germination in the controls.
For cabbage, carrot and lettuce, 7 replicate pots of three seeds were sown for each of the treatment rates and the untreated water control, with 10 pots of two seeds for tomato and 5 pots of four seeds for oat and onion. The soil used was a sandy loam, sieved to remove all particles > 2 mm.
After application and sowing, the pots were checked daily and the numbers of emerged seedlings were recorded. Emergence, survival and sub-lethal effects were recorded daily up to a minimum of 50% emergence of control seedlings and thereafter every one to three days. Plants were harvested 15 - 18 days after 50% control germination, giving a total exposure period of 21 days. The height of each individual plant was then measured before being weighed to obtain a measurement of wet weight.
No visible treatment related effects were observed in the controls.
There were no statistically significant effects on germination or survival in any plant species at any treatment rate except for onion at 1000 mg a.i./kg where a 53% reduction in germination in comparison to the control (p<0.001) was recorded.
The EC25 values for effects on height were estimated to be >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the carrot, lettuce and tomato, and 775.15, 858.91 and 7 95.47 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, oat and onion respectively.
The EC50 values for effects on height were estimated to be >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and oat, and 982.56 mg a.i./kg dry soil for onion.
The NOEC values for effects on height were 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for carrot and lettuce, and 500 mg a.i./kg dry soil for cabbage, tomato, oat and onion.
The EC25 values for effects on wet weight were estimated to be 646.20, 895.11, 688.95, 635.98, 464.06 and 716.89 mg a.i./kg dry soil for the cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato, oat and onion respectively.
The EC50 values for effects on wet weight were 816.65, 985.89, 864.78, 716.79 and 843.78 mg a.i./kg dry soil for cabbage, lettuce, tomato, oat and onion respectively and >1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for carrot.
The NOEC values for effects on wet weight were 500 mg a.i./kg dry soil for cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and onion and 125 mg a.i./kg dry soil for oat.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 125 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
In a worst case approach the lowest NOEC as observed in oat has been selected as starting point for risk assessment. Based on the concentration organic matter as present in the soil used for the test a re-calculation of the NOEC as derived from the study will lead to a NOEC of:
125*0.034/0.0189= 225 mg/kg soil dw (equation R.10-4, ECHA Guidance R.10.6, DOSE [CONCENTRATION]-RESPONSE REGARDING ENVIRONMENT)
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.