(6S)-6-(propylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol hydrobromide (1:1)

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

20 Oct 2017 - 14 Nov 2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Report date:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)

Version / remarks:

2006 (Annex 5 corrected 28 July 2011)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

(6S)-6-(propylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol hydrobromide

EC Number:

605-420-3

Cas Number:

165950-84-5

Molecular formula:

C13H20BrNO

IUPAC Name:

(6S)-6-(propylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol hydrobromide

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Details on test material:

- Appearance: White powder
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: control and all test concentrations
- Sampling method: 1.8 mL at t=0 h and t=72 h.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were stored in a freezer (≤ -15°C) until analysis at the analytical laboratory of the Test Facility.
- At the end of the exposure period, the replicates with algae were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
- Compliance with the Quality criteria regarding maintenance of actual concentrations was checked by running a test vessel at an intermediate test item concentration but without algae and samples for analysis were taken at the start and at the end of the test period.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Test solutions were prepared at the highest concentration of 100 mg/L. No other treatment than vigorous shaking was needed to completely dissolve the test item in medium. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the highest concentration in test medium. All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure.
- After preparation, volumes of 50 mL were added to each replicate of the respective test concentration. Subsequently, 1 mL of an algal suspension was added to each replicate providing a cell density of 10^4 cells/mL.
- Controls: Test medium without test item or other additives

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source: In-house laboratory culture
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24°C.
- Pre-culture: 3 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in culture medium at a cell density of 1 x 10^4 cells/mL. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. The cell density was measured immediately before use.
- Stock culture medium: M1, according to NPR 6505 (Nederlandse Praktijk Richtlijn no. 6505).
- Pre-culture medium and test medium: M2, according to OECD 201

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

0.24 mmol/L (24 mg CaCO3/L)

Test temperature:

21 - 23°C

pH:

At t=0 h: 7.7-7.9
At t=72 h: 7.8-8.0

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L
Measured concentrations were 95 - 104% of nominal throughout the test. Therefore, effects parameters were based on nominal concentrations. See Table 1 in 'Any other information on results' for details on measured concentrations throughout the test.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL, all-glass, containing 50 mL of test solution
- Capped vessels were distributed at random in the incubator and daily repositioned. During incubation the algal cells were kept in suspension by continuous shaking.
- Initial cells density: 1 x 10^4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density (mean): 207 x 10^4 cells/mL
- 3 replicates of each test concentration
- 6 replicates of the control
- 1 or 2 replicates of each test concentration without algae

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, M2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: M2 medium, formulated using Milli-RO water (tapwater purified by reverse osmosis)
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH: at the beginning and at the end of the test. Temperature of medium: continuously in a temperature control vessel.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod, light intensity and quality: Continuously using TLD-lamps with a light intensity within the range of 94 to 95 µE/m2/s.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Cell density at t=24, 48 and 72 h
- Determination of cell concentrations: At the beginning of the test, cells were counted using a microscope and a counting chamber. Thereafter, cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 680 nm using a spectrophotometer with immersion probe (pathlength = 10 mm). Algal medium was used as blank and the extra replicates, without algae, as background for the treated solutions.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Combined Limit/Range finding study test concentrations: Control, 0.10, 1.0, 10, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes; expected ErC50 was between 10 and 100 mg/L.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate (performed Sep 2017)

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

41 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other: 95% confidence interval: 36-47 mg/L

Effect concentrations 2

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

5.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other: 95% confidence interval: 4.2-7.7 mg/L

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other: Based on statistical significance

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

3.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other: Based on biological relevance

Details on results:

- Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Microscopic observations at the end of the test revealed a normal and healthy appearance of the algal cells exposed to 10 mg/L when compared to the control.
- Growth rates of the algae exposed to the test item were increasingly reduced with increasing concentrations from 3.2 mg/L upwards, resulting in 68% inhibition at the highest test concentration. Statistically significant inhibition of growth rate was found at 3.2 mg/L and higher. However, the effect observed at 3.2 mg/L was biologically not relevant, i.e. it was <10%. Therefore, the NOEC for growth rate inhibition, based on biological relevance was set to 3.2 mg/L.
- All water quality parameters remained within the requirements as laid down in the study plan throughout the test.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? yes
- The EC50 for growth rate inhibition (72h-ErC50) was 1.1 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.1 to 1.1 mg/L. The historical ranges for growth rate inhibition lie between 0.82 and 2.3 mg/L. Hence, the 72h-ErC50 for the algal culture tested corresponds with this range.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistical significance: Step-down Jonckheere-Terpstra Test Procedure, α=0.05, one-sided, smaller.
ECx: probit analysis using linear max. likelihood regression.
The calculations were performed with ToxRat Professional v. 3.2.1. (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany).

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1: Final Test: Test Samples

Time of sampling [hours]	Concentration [mg/L]		Relative to nominal [%]	Relative to initial [%]
	Nominal	Analyzed
0	0	n.d.	n.a.
	0.32	0.332	104
	1.0	1.00	100
	3.2	3.24	101
	10	9.72	97
	10^(a)	10.1	101
	32	30.4	95
	100	100	100
72	0	n.d.	n.a.	n.a.
	0.32	0.319	100	96
	1.0	0.994	99	99
	3.2	3.22	101	99
	10	9.88	99	102
	10^(a)	10.2	102	102
	32	31.7	99	104
	100	100	100	100

Samples were stored in the freezer (≤ -15°C) until the day of analysis.

(a) Without algae.

n.d. Not detected.

n.a. Not applicable.

Table 2: Growth Rate And Percentage Inhibition For The Total Test Period

Nominal conc. (mg/L)	Mean	Std. Dev.	n	%Inhibition
Control	1.777	0.0296	6
0.32	1.785	0.0264	3	-0.5
1.0	1.780	0.0356	3	-0.2
3.2	1.708	0.0141	3	3.9^#
10	1.539	0.1004	3	13*
32	0.880	0.1951	3	51*
100	0.575	0.0189	3	68*

* - effect was statistically significant

^# - effect was statistically significant but biologically not relevant (<10%)

Table 3: Growth Rate And Percentage Inhibition At Different Time Intervals

Nominal conc. (mg/L)	n	0 – 24 h		24 – 48 h		48 – 72h
		Mean	%Inhibition	Mean	%Inhibition	Mean	%Inhibition
Control	6	1.739	0.0	2.047	0.0	1.546	0.0
0.32	3	1.717	1.3	2.119	-3.5	1.520	1.7
1.0	3	1.644	5.4	2.103	-2.8	1.593	-3.0
3.2	3	1.634	6.0	1.967	3.9	1.522	1.5
10	3	0.508	71	2.464	-20	1.644	-6.4
32	3	0.000	100	0.472	77	2.169	-40
100	3	0.000	100	0.000	100	1.726	-12

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

See 'Overall remarks' for details on validity criteria

Conclusions:

The 72-h ErC50, ErC10 and NOErC for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was respectively 41 mg/L, 5.7 mg/L and 3.2 mg/L (based on biological relevance), based on nominal concentrations.

Executive summary:

In a 72 h toxicity study conducted according to OECD guideline 201 and GLP principles, freshwater algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) were exposed to the test item at nominal concentrations of 0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L (3 replicates per concentration) and an untreated control (6 replicates). The measured concentrations in the test solution were 95 - 104% relative to nominal concentrations throughout the test. Therefore, effect parameters were based on nominal concentrations. Growth rates of the algae exposed to the test item were increasingly reduced with increasing concentrations, from 3.2 mg/L upwards, resulting in 68% inhibition at the highest test concentration. The EC50 for growth rate inhibition (72h-ErC50) was 41 mg/L, 72h-ErC10 was 5.7 mg/L. The 72h-NOErC was 1.0 mg/L and 3.2, based on statistical significance and biological relevance, respectively. The study met all validity criteria, and is considered reliable without restriction.