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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016-01-11 to 2016-01-15
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- All concentration levels and the control were analytically verified via analysis of total organic carbon (TOC, according to DIN EN 1484) at the start and at the end of the exposure. Separate replicates for the test item analysis after 0 and 72 hours were prepared without algae and incubated under test conditions.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Preparation of the Saturated solution
A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 100 mg test item/Lwas prepared once with dilution water one day prior to the start of the exposure. This dispersion was stirred for 24 hours with 1100 rpm at room temperature. After stirring, the saturated solution was taken from the homogenous liquid phase. At the end of the stirring time undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 µm, RC, Macherey-Nagel). The filter was saturated in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL filtrate were discarded. The filtration was interrupted for ca. 15 minutes to allow for adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test item. Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL were discarded. The following filtrate, i.e. the saturated solution, was used in the test. During filtration the filter was always kept covered. The solution was checked for undissolved test item with a laser beam for a Tyndall effect.
Test concentrations (nominal)
The saturated solution and further four dilution levels out of the saturated solution was tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 1.78: 10.0 - 17.8 - 31.6 - 56.2 - 100 % of the saturated solution. The dilution levels were based on the results of a preliminary range finding test (non GLP, see section 8.1).
Control
Six replicates (without test item) were exposed under the same conditions as the test item replicates. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Test organism
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata HINDÁK, SAG 61.81
Reason for the selection of the test organism
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata is a suitable green alga species according to the guideline.
Origin Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG)
Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen
Nikolausberger Weg 18, D-37073 Göttingen
Cultivation at test facility
Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 35-70 µE•m-2•s-1 for 24 hours per day.
Culture medium
Nutrient medium Z according to LÜTTGE et al. (1994) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- Dilution water: 0.24 mmol Ca+mg/L.
- Test temperature:
- min.: 21.0 max.: 23.0, mean value: 22.0
- pH:
- Saturated Solution pH-value
[%] Start; 0 hours End; 72 hours
100 7.37 7.99
56.2 7.47 8.08
31.6 7.58 8.16
17.8 7.66 8.21
10.0 7.85 8.29
Control 8.03 8.63 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Not measured
- Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater conditions
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 10.0 - 17. 8 - 31.6 - 56.2 - 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): open, cotton wool plugs
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: sterile 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, test volume 100 mL
- Aeration: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at appr. 70 rpm
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): None
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): One application at test start
- Initial cells density: Nominal: approximately 2 - 5 x 103 cells/mL, Actual: mean 6153 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: Mean 1444109 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dilution water, composition acc. to the guideline
- Hardness: 0.24 mmol Ca+Mg/L
- pH-value: 8.1 +/- 0.2
- Culture medium: Nutrient Medium Z acc. to LÜTTGE et al. (1994)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 h
- Light intensity and quality: 60 - 120 µE x m-2 x s-1, mean value: 66.7
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter] fluorimeter, Cell density and self fluorescence was measured daily via Chlorophyll-a- fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm. Dilution water was used as background signal.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study:
Biological Data
The results of the range finding test are presented below:
Results of the Range Finding Test (0 - 72 hours)
Saturated Solution [%] Growth Rate Inhibition [%] Yield Inhibition [%]
100 15 55
10.0 -6 -34
1.00 0 0
Analytical Data
The analytical data of the range finding test are presented below:
TOC Content of the Test Media at the Start and the End of the Exposure (Range Finding Test)
Saturated Solution
[%] TOC mg/L
Test start (without algae), 0 hours Test end (without algae), 72 hours
100 2.08 < 2.00
10 < 2.00 < 2.00
1.00 < 2.00 < 2.00
Control < 2.00 < 2.00 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.6 other: saturated solution %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56.2 other: saturated solution %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 56 other: saturated solution %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 50.8 - 64.1
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 79.7 other: saturated solution %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 69.1 - 89.5
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: saturated solution %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.6 other: saturated solution %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56.2 other: saturated solution %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 33.5 other: saturated solution %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 25.1 - 41.9
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 41 other: saturated solution %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 32.5 - 47.9
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 61.9 other: saturated solution %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 53.9 - 73.7
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
- Unusual cell shape: No
- Colour differences: No
- Flocculation: No
- Adherence to test vessels: No
- Aggregation of algal cells: No
- Other: No
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
The toxicity of potassium dichromate (SIGMA, batch number MKBQ9179V, purity 100 %, CAS RN 7778-50-9) to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined over a period of 72 hours from 2015-10-13 to 2015-10-16. The reference item toxicity is in the valid range following test facility SOPS. For results, see Table 10.
Table 10: EC50-Values of the Reference Item
based on nominal concentrations mg/L, (0-72 hours)
Current Study Valid Range (average ± 3 x SD)
Growth Rate inhibition
ErC50 0.564 0.797 ± 0.428
95 % confidence interval 0.546 - 0.582
Yield inhibition
EyC50 0.322 0.415 ± 0.275
95 % confidence interval 0.239 - 0.342
SD = Standard deviation - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC-values and statistical analyses
EC10-, EC20- and EC50-values with confidence intervals of growth rate and yield inhibition after 72 hours were calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression.
NOEC, LOEC and statistical analyses
The NOEC and LOEC were determined by calculation of statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield. As a standard, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and DUNNETT’s test were used for NOEC/LOEC calculations. When running a One Way Analysis of Variance, a Normality test and an Equal Variance test were done first. P-values for both normality and equal variance tests are 0.05. The -value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is =0.05.
Software
The data for the tables in this report were computer-generated and have been rounded for presentation from the fully derived data. Consequently, if calculated manually based on the given data minor deviations may occur from these figures.
Calculations were carried out using software
- Excel, MICROSOFT CORPORATION
- SigmaPlot, SPSS INC.
- GraphPad Prism, GRAPHPAD SOFTWARE, INC. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study, LICOCARE RBW 106 FL TP was found to inhibit the growth of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours with the following effect values (based on the nominal, percent saturated solutions of the test item): The EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for both inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were > 100 and 61.9 (53.9 – 73.7) mg/L. The NOEC-values for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were for both 31.6 mg/L. All effect values given are based on the nominal, percent saturated solutions of the test item LICOCARE RBW 106 FL TP.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of LICOCARE RBW 106 FL TP to the unicellular freshwater green alga seudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009/Method C.3 from 2016 -01 -11 to 2016 -01 -15 with the definitive exposure phase from 2016-01-12 to 2016-01-15, at the test facility. The aim of the study was the determination of NOEC, LOEC, EC10- , EC20- and EC50-values of the growth rate and the yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6153 cells/mL. Based on a preliminary range finding test a saturated solution with a nominal loading of 100 mg test item/L was prepared in dilution water. The dispersion was stirred for 24 hours with approximately 1100 rpm at room temperature. At the end of the stirring period, undissolved test item was removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 µm, RC, Macherey-Nagel). The filter was saturated with the test item dispersion prior to the filtration in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL of filtrate were discarded. The filtration was interrupted for ca. 15 minutes to allow adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test item. Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL were discarded. During filtration the filter was always kept covered with the test item dispersion. The saturated solution and further four dilution levels out of the saturated solution were tested in a geometrical series with adilution factor of 1.78:10.0 - 17.8 - 31.6 - 56.2 - 100 % of the saturated solution.
Three replicates were tested for each test item concentration and six replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.The test media were clear throughout the test period.
The concentrations of LICOCARE RBW 106 FL TP were analytically verified via analysis of total organic carbon (TOC, according to DIN EN 1484) at the start of the exposure (fresh media, 0 hours) and at the end of the exposure (old media, 72 hours). In the saturated solution, 3 % of the nominally applied organic carbon was found.
All effect values given are based on the nominal, percent saturated solutions of the test itemLICOCARERBW 106 FL TP.
NOEC, LOEC, EC-values and 95 % Confidence Intervals ofLICOCARE RBW 106 FL TP(0 - 72 hours)
based on percent of the saturated solution [%]
Growth Rate Inhibition
saturated solution [%]NOEC
31.6
LOEC
56.2
ErC10
56.0 (50.8 – 64.1)
ErC20
79.7 (69.1 – 89.5)
ErC50
> 100
Yield Inhibition
saturated solution [%]
NOEC
31.6
LOEC
56.2
EyC10
33.5 (25.1 – 41.9)
EyC20
41.0 (32.5 – 47.9)
EyC50
61.9 (53.9 – 73.7)
Reference
Cell Densities
Saturated Solution |
Replicate |
Cell Density [cells/mL] |
|||||||||
[%] |
No. |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
||||||
100 |
1 |
6153 |
11798 |
43277 |
343806 |
||||||
2 |
6153 |
10612 |
38981 |
365852 |
|||||||
3 |
6153 |
10663 |
33113 |
312195 |
|||||||
Mean |
6153 |
11024 |
38457 |
340618 |
|||||||
56.2 |
1 |
6153 |
17932 |
108694 |
741043 |
||||||
2 |
6153 |
20008 |
161761 |
989226 |
|||||||
3 |
6153 |
17327 |
115919 |
776072 |
|||||||
Mean |
6153 |
18422 |
128791 |
835447 |
|||||||
31.6 |
1 |
6153 |
30808 |
239114 |
1501241 |
||||||
2 |
6153 |
28381 |
222073 |
1280153 |
|||||||
3 |
6153 |
26459 |
201764 |
1164936 |
|||||||
Mean |
6153 |
28549 |
220984 |
1315443 |
|||||||
17.8 |
1 |
6153 |
29193 |
266196 |
1410046 |
||||||
2 |
6153 |
34662 |
297011 |
1487505 |
|||||||
3 |
6153 |
36321 |
331569 |
1668013 |
|||||||
Mean |
6153 |
33392 |
298259 |
1521855 |
|||||||
10.0 |
1 |
6153 |
33468 |
266987 |
1415189 |
||||||
2 |
6153 |
34954 |
283382 |
1594913 |
|||||||
3 |
6153 |
31599 |
286286 |
1351277 |
|||||||
Mean |
6153 |
33340 |
278885 |
1453793 |
|||||||
Control |
1 |
6153 |
35816 |
284617 |
1550163 |
||||||
2 |
6153 |
35443 |
310270 |
1727880 |
|||||||
3 |
6153 |
37344 |
295919 |
1464550 |
|||||||
4 |
6153 |
29987 |
199425 |
1146403 |
|||||||
5 |
6153 |
32671 |
248284 |
1363539 |
|||||||
6 |
6153 |
34415 |
263750 |
1412116 |
|||||||
Mean |
6153 |
34279 |
267044 |
1444109 |
Evaluation after 72 hours
Statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to control values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-).
Saturated Solution |
Replicate |
Growth Rate |
Inhibition of Growth Rate |
Yield |
Inhibition of Yield |
||
[%] |
No. |
[d-1] |
[%] |
[cells/mL] |
[%] |
||
100 |
1 |
|
1.34 |
26 |
|
337653 |
77 |
2 |
|
1.36 |
25 |
|
359699 |
75 |
|
3 |
|
1.31 |
28 |
|
306042 |
79 |
|
Mean |
(+) |
1.34 |
26 |
(+) |
334465 |
77 |
|
56.2 |
1 |
|
1.60 |
12 |
|
734890 |
49 |
2 |
|
1.69 |
7 |
|
983073 |
32 |
|
3 |
|
1.61 |
11 |
|
769919 |
46 |
|
Mean |
(+) |
1.63 |
10 |
(+) |
829294 |
42 |
|
31.6 |
1 |
|
1.83 |
-1 |
|
1495088 |
-4 |
2 |
|
1.78 |
2 |
|
1274000 |
11 |
|
3 |
|
1.75 |
4 |
|
1158783 |
19 |
|
Mean |
(-) |
1.79 |
2 |
(-) |
1309290 |
9 |
|
17.8 |
1 |
|
1.81 |
0 |
|
1403893 |
2 |
2 |
|
1.83 |
-1 |
|
1481352 |
-3 |
|
3 |
|
1.87 |
-3 |
|
1661860 |
-16 |
|
Mean |
(-) |
1.84 |
-1 |
(-) |
1515702 |
-5 |
|
10.0 |
1 |
|
1.81 |
0 |
|
1409036 |
2 |
2 |
|
1.85 |
-2 |
|
1588760 |
-10 |
|
3 |
|
1.80 |
1 |
|
1345124 |
6 |
|
Mean |
(-) |
1.82 |
0 |
(-) |
1447640 |
-1 |
|
Control |
1 |
|
1.84 |
|
|
1544010 |
|
2 |
|
1.88 |
|
|
1721727 |
|
|
3 |
|
1.82 |
|
|
1458397 |
|
|
4 |
|
1.74 |
|
|
1140250 |
|
|
5 |
|
1.80 |
|
|
1357386 |
|
|
6 |
|
1.81 |
|
|
1405963 |
|
|
Mean |
|
1.82 |
|
|
1437956 |
|
Section-by-Section and Average Specific Growth Ratesof the Control Group (0 – 72 hours)
|
Replicate No. |
Specific Growth Rate [d-1] |
Mean (0 - 72 hours) |
SD ± |
CV |
Mean CV [%] |
||
section-by-section |
||||||||
0 - 24 hours |
24 - 48 hours |
48 - 72 hours |
||||||
Control |
1 |
1.76 |
2.07 |
1.69 |
1.84 |
0.202 |
10.9 |
11.3 |
2 |
1.75 |
2.17 |
1.72 |
1.88 |
0.252 |
13.4 |
||
3 |
1.80 |
2.07 |
1.60 |
1.82 |
0.236 |
12.9 |
||
4 |
1.58 |
1.89 |
1.75 |
1.74 |
0.156 |
8.93 |
||
5 |
1.67 |
2.03 |
1.70 |
1.80 |
0.198 |
11.0 |
||
6 |
1.72 |
2.04 |
1.68 |
1.81 |
0.196 |
10.8 |
||
|
|
|
Mean |
1.82 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
SD ± |
0.05 |
|
|||
|
|
|
CV [%] |
2.52 |
|
SD = Standard deviation CV = Coefficient of variation
Description of key information
In this study, LICOCARE RBW 106 FL TP was found to inhibit the growth of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours with the following effect values (based on the nominal, percent saturated solutions of the test item): The EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for both inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were > 100 and 61.9 (53.9 – 73.7) mg/L. The NOEC-values for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were for both 31.6 mg/L. All effect values given are based on the nominal, percent saturated solutions of the test item LICOCARE RBW 106 FL TP.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.