Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 939-637-2 | CAS number: 1691195-92-2
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key data for subacute toxicity were available from an oral (gavage) OECD 422 study in rats with registered substance 'Butanedioic acid, 2(or 3)-sulfo-, 4-[2-[(1-oxo(C12-C18(even numbered) and C18unsaturated)alkyl))amino]ethyl]esters, disodium salts', at dose levels given by oral gavage of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day. No relevant effects were observed at 100 and 300 mg/kg bw. At the dose of 1000 mg/kg bw, decreased body weight, increased serum ALAT and decreased serum albumin were observed as systemic changes, whereas macroscopic and microscopic stomach changes were observed as local changes, the latter without relevance to humans. NOAEL for paternal/maternal toxicity was 300 mg/kg bw/day.
A key 90-day repeated dose toxicity study was also conducted with the registered substance at dose levels of 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg bw given to rats by daily oral administration via gavage for 90 days, followed by a 4-week recovery period. The NOAEL was 300 mg act.ingr./kg bw/day. Test-item related effects were observed at 1000 mg/kg bw, including a slight reduction in mean body weight in male and female animals, increased drinking water consumption in male and the female animals and changes in the forestomach (non-glandular part of the stomach) of almost all in the form of squamous cell hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and sometimes submucosal mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. The body weight and drinking water intake of all previously high-dosed animals was in the normal range during the recovery period, and no abnormalities were noted in the stomach after this recovery period. The changes in the stomach were not considered relevant for humans as humans do not have a forestomach, exposure conditions were considered to be extreme (irritating concentration daily given by bolus) and the findings were completely reversible.
Supporting data for subchronic toxicity were available from an oral (diet) 90-day toxicity study in rats with read-across substance 'Aspartic acid, N-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-sulfopropyl)-N-(C16-C18 (even numbered), C18unsaturated alkyl) tetrasodium salts' dosed at 0.5, 2 and 8 (reduced to 4) g/kg bw.day. The study showed decreased body weight gain, feed consumption and food efficiency at the mid dose and high dose levels and increased SGOT and SGPT (liver enzymes) at the high dose. Further hematuria was seen in the mid and high dose rats, various organ weights were decreased (e.g. decrease in adrenal and gonadal weight in high dose groups; decrease in pituitary weight in females of high dose group) and lower urinary tract pathology was seen in 2 high dosed rats. It thus appeared that the NOEL in the rat was below 0.50 g/kg/day, however 0.5 g act.ingr./kg bw/day can be considered as NOAEL.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Remarks:
- combined repeated dose and reproduction / developmental screening
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to GLP and valid methods and is considered relevant and reliable for classification.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: CD® / Crl:CD(SD)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories Research, Models and Services Germany GmbH, Sandhofer Weg 7, 97633 Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at start of dosing: Males 55 days; Females: 48 days
- Weight range at start of dosing: Males: 281.0 to 308.0 g; Females: 68.9 to 195.7 g
- Fasting period before study: Ad libitum with exception of the night before the day of blood withdrawal for laboratory examination.
- Housing: With exception of the mating period, the animals were kept singly in MAKROLON cages (type III plus) with a basal surface of approx. 39 cm x 23 cm and a height of approx. 18 cm. Granulated textured wood (Granulat A2, J. Brandenburg, 49424 Goldenstedt/ Arkeburg, Germany) was used as bedding material in these cages. The cages were cleaned and changed once a week.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ssniff® R/Z V1324 (ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, 59494 Soest, Germany, ad libitum with exception of the night before the day of blood withdrawal for laboratory examination.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water was offered daily ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: 5 Days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22°C ± 3°C (maximum range)
- Humidity (%): 55% ± 15% (maximum range)
- Air changes (per hr): Not provided
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES:
Males From: August 27, 2012 To: October 2, 2012
Females From: August 27, 2012 To: October 19, 2012 - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: tap water
- Details on oral exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Application volume: 5 mL/kg bw/day. The test item was dissolved in the vehicle tap water to concentrations of 20, 60 and 200 mg test item /mL tap water and was administered orally at a constant volume once daily. The amount of the test item was adjusted to the animal's current body weight daily. The test item-vehicle mixture was freshly prepared every day. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- For the analysis of the test item-vehicle mixtures samples of approx. 2 x 5 mL were taken at the following time points and stored at ≤ -20°C until analysis at LPT.
*Start of treatment period: Analysis of stability and concentration: Immediately after preparation of the test item-vehicle mixtures as well as 8 and 24 hours after storage of the test item preparations at room temperature: 3 samples/dose level group = 9 samples
*End of treatment period: Concentration: During treatment with the test item always before administration to the last animal/dose level group: 3 samples
The samples were labelled with the study number, test item, test species, type of sample, aliquot number, concentration, test day, sampling time and date.
The validation of the analytical method is part of LPT study No. 28344 (14-day dose-range-finding).
The measured actual concentrations of the test item in the test item vehicle mixtures were between 99.99% and 102.96% of the nominal concentrations (table 26). - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Males: 2 weeks prior to mating, during the mating period and approx. 2 weeks post mating and continuing up to test day 36 (one day before sacrifice).
Females:2 weeks prior to mating and continuing up to, and including, day 3 post-partum or the day before sacrifice. - Frequency of treatment:
- daily
- Dose / conc.:
- 0 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Dose / conc.:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Dose / conc.:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale:
The dose levels have been selected in agreement with the Sponsor based on the results of a 14-day dose-range-finding study in rats dosed at 100, 300 and 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw by oral gavage (LPT Study No. 28344). None of the animals died prematurely. None of the male and female rats treated orally with 100 or 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed any changes in behaviour, external appearance or faeces. Salivation was noted for 2 of 5 male animals treated at 1000 mg/kg bw/day on 1 or 3 test days starting on test day 9 and increased faeces was noted for 3 of 5 male and 2 of 5 female high dosed animals on 6 or 9 test days starting on test day 5. No test item-related changes on body weight and body weight gain were noted for the male and female rats up to 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day. No test item-related changes on food consumption were noted for the male and female rats treated orally with 100 or 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day. The food consumption of the male and female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day was slightly increased by 9% for the males and by 10% for the females in test week 2 (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.01 for both sexes). No test item-related influence was noted for the drinking water consumption at any of the tested dose levels. None of the male and female rats treated orally with 100, 300 or 1000 mg act. ingr ./kg bw/day revealed changes at macroscopic inspection at necropsy or organ weights. - Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Throughout the test period, each animal was observed for clinical signs at least once daily. Mortality was recorded twice daily. In addition, animals were checked regularly throughout the working day from 7:00 a.m. to 3:45 p.m. On Saturdays and Sundays animals were checked regularly from 7:00 a.m. to 11 :00 a.m. with a final check performed at approximately 3:30 p.m.
- Individual animals were observed before and after dosing at each time of dosing for any signs of behavioural changes, reaction to treatment or illness. Cageside observations included skin/fur, eyes, mucous membranes, respiratory and circulatory systems, somatomotor activity and behaviour patterns. The onset, intensity and duration of any signs observed were recorded.
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Additionally, once before the first exposure (to allow within-subject comparisons) and once a week thereafter, detailed clinical observations were made in all animals outside the home cage in a standard arena and at the same time, each time preferably by observers unaware of the treatment. Signs noted included changes in skin, fur, eyes, mucous membranes, occurrence of secretions and excretions and autonomic activity (e.g. lacrimation, pilo-erection, pupil size, and unusual respiratory pattern). Changes in gait, posture and response to handling as well as the presence of clonic or tonic movements, stereotypies (e.g. excessive grooming, repetitive circling), difficult or prolonged parturition or bizarre behaviour (e.g. self-mutilation, walking backwards) were also recorded.
BODY WEIGHT: Yes. Body weights were recorded individually for each adult animal.
- Time schedule for examinations:
Males and females were weighed on the first day of dosing, weekly thereafter and at termination. During gestation, females were weighed on days 0, 7, 14 and 20 and within 24 hours of parturition (day 0 or 1 post-partum) and day 4 post-partum.
FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
The quantity of food left by individual animals was recorded on a weekly basis throughout the experimental period with the execution of the mating period. Food intake per rat (g/rat/week) was calculated using the total amount of food given to and left by each rat in each group on completion of a treatment week.
WATER CONSUMPTION:
- Time schedule for examinations: Water consumption was monitored daily by visual appraisal throughout the study.
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: At the end of the pre-mating period
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (identity) ether anaesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes , overnight
- How many animals: 5 male and 5 female animals randomly selected from each group.
- Parameters:
Differential blood count (relative)
Differential blood count (absolute)
Erythrocytes
Leucocytes
Haematocrit value
Haemoglobin content
Platelets
Reticulocytes
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Coagulation: Thromboplastin time & Activated partial thromboplastin time
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: At the end of the premating period
- Animals fasted: Yes, overnight
- How many animals: 5 male and 5 female animals randomly selected from each group.
- Parameters:
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Chloride
Albumin
Globulin
Albumin/globulin ratio
Total bilirubin
Total cholesterol
Creatinine
Glucose
Total protein
Blood urea
Alanine amino- transferase (ALAT)
Alkaline phosphatase (aP)
Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT)
Bile acids
URINALYSIS: No
OTHER/ REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS (See Section 7.8.1 & 7.8.2)
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: shortly before sacrifice (males); during lactation also shortly before sacrifice (females)
- Dose groups that were examined: five males and five females randomly selected from each group
- Battery of functions tested:
1. Observational screening
Righting reflex
Body temperature
Salivation
Startle response
Respiration
Mouth breathing
Urination
Convulsions
Pilo-erection
Diarrhoea
Pupil size
Pupil response
Lacrimation
lmpaired gait
Stereotypy
Toepinch
Tail pinch
Wire maneuver
Hind leg splay
Positional passivity
Tremors
Positive geotropism
Limb rotation
Auditory function
2. Functional tests
Grip strenght
Locomotor activity - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
- At the time of sacrifice, or premature death during the study, the adult animals were examined macroscopically for any abnormalities or pathological changes. Special attention was paid to the organs of the reproductive system.
Apparently non-pregnant uteri were placed in a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium sulfide for about 10 minutes to stain possible implantation sites in the endometrium according to SALEWSKI.
The numbers of corpora lutea and implantation sites were recorded in the female adult animals and reported.
- Dead pups and pups sacrificed at day 4 post-partum, or shortly thereafter, were carefully examined externally for gross abnormalities.
ORGAN WEIGHTS: Yes
- The following organs of all adult animals were weighed individually and identified as left or right: Epididymis (2), Testicle (2)
- Determination of the organ weights of the following organs was only performed from 20 adult males and 20 adult females, which were randomly selected: Adrenal gland (2), Heart, Liver, Thymus, Brain, Kidney (2), Spleen, Adrenal glands and kidneys were weighed individually and identified as left or right.
- Animals Nos.
Group 1: 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 12, 13, 14, 18, 20
Group 2: 21, 22, 23, 27, 28 33, 35, 36, 39, 40
Group 3: 44, 45, 46, 47, 49 52, 53, 56, 58,60
Group 4: 61, 62, 63, 67, 69 72, 73, 74, 77, 79
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
- The following organs or parts of organs of all adult animals were fixed in 7% formalin; testes and epididymides were fixed in Bouin's fixative:
Epididymis (2), Gross lesions, Mammary gland, Ovary (2), Prostate, Seminal vesicle, Testicle (2), Uterus (incl. cervix and oviducts), Vagina
-In addition, the following organs or parts of organs of the selected 20 adult males and 20 adult females (see section above) were fixed in 7% formalin:
Adrenal gland (2)
Bone marrow (os femoris)
Brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem)
Heart (left and right ventricle, septum)
Intestine, small (duodenum, jejunum, ileum,
incl. Peyer's patches, Swiss roll method)
Intestine, large (colon, rectum)
Kidney and ureter (2)
Liver
Lungs (with mainstem bronchi and
bronchioles), preserved by inflation with
fixative and then immersion
Lymph node (1, cervical), Lymph node (1, mesenteric)
Nerve (sciatic)
Oesophagus
Spinal cord (3 sections)
Spleen
Stomach
Thyroid (incl. parathyroids)
Thymus
Tissue masses or tumours (incl.
regional lymph nodes)
Tongue (incl. base)
Trachea (incl. larynx)
Urinary bladder
-Only the 10 selected animals from the control group and the high dose group (20 animals in total) were considered for histopathological evaluation. - Other examinations:
- Fertility and reproduction: See section 7.8.1 and 7.8.2
Organ weights: tables 14-1to 14-4 (relative) and 15-1 to 15-4 (absolute) - Statistics:
- Toxicology and Pathology data were captured, whenever possible, using the departmental computerized systems (Provantis®8 Integrated preclinical software, Instem LSS Ltd.). Raw data not fully compatible with the computerized systems were maintained on paper according to appropriate SOPs.
The test item-treated groups (2 - 4) were compared with the control group (1 ).
The following statistical methods were used:
STUDENT' s t-test All numerical functional tests (p ≤0.01)
Multiple t-test based on Body weight I Food consumption I
DUNNETT, C. W. Haematology I Clinical chemistry I
New tables for multiple Absolute and relative organ weights
Comparisons with a control (p ≤ 0.05 and ≤0.01)
Biometrics, 482-491 (Sept 1 964)
For all numerical values (e.g. body weight, food consumption and organ weight data) homogeneity of variances was tested by using the BARTLETT chi2-test. lf the variances are homogeneous, the DUNNETT test (p ≤ 0.01) was used to compare the experimental groups with the control group.
In case of heterogeneity of variances, the STUDENT's t-test was carried out; limit of significance is p ≤ 0.01.
Exact test of R. A. FISHER Histopathology, if applicable (p≤0.05)
For the comparison of classification measurements (for example the fertility index) the FISHER's exact test, n < 100 or chi2-test with Yates' correction for continuity, n ≥ 100 (p ≤0.05 and p ≤0.01) were employed.
These statistical procedures were used for all data. Significantly different data were indicated in the tables of the report.
The mean values and standard deviations were calculated to the highest possible degree of accuracy and then rounded to the reported number of decimal places. Hence, deviations to the last decimal place of up to ± 1 may occur caused by rounding. - Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- salivation in one male rat at 1000 mg/kg bw/day
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence):
- salivation in one male rat at 1000 mg/kg bw/day
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- slight reduction in male and female rats at 1000 mg/kg bw/day
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- slight increase in food consumption in male rats dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- increased ALAT in male and female rats dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day; decrease in albumin in male rats dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day;
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- no effects observed
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- changes in the stomach from 2 male animals dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day: whitish thickening (cardia), yellowish contents
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- squamous cell hyperplasia and in the non glandular mucosa and acute inflammation in male and female rats dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day; pulmonary congestion in male and female rats dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
No test item-related premature death was noted in any treatment group (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day).
No signs of clinical toxicity were noted for the male and female rats of the low and intermediate dose groups (100 and 300 mg/kg bw/day).
A slightly increased salivation was noted in one male rat, no further signs of clinical toxicity were noted for the male and female rats of the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day).
No test item related influence was noted for the male and female rats of all treatment groups (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day) during the observational and functional (grip strength and spontaneous motility) neurological screenings.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
A slight reduction in body weight was noted for the male and female rats of the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day). For the male rats the reduction in body weight was noted from test day 8 (4.4%) until test day 36 (5.5%) and for the female rats from gestation day 0 (7.6%) until lactation day 4 (9.5%). The body weight at autopsy was reduced accordingly.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study)
A slightly statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01) increase in relative food consumption by 10.3% was noted in the high dose males during the 2nd test week. This was caused by the reduced body weight of the rats of the high dose group.
No influence on food consumption was noted in any treatment group in the females.
HAEMATOLOGY
No test item-related influence was noted.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
The laboratory examinations revealed an increased ALAT activity for the male and female rats of the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day) and a decrease in the albumin concentration for the male rats of the high dose group.
NEUROBEHAVIOUR
No test item-related influence was noted .
ORGAN WEIGHTS
No test item-related influence was noted .
GROSS PATHOLOGY
No test item-related changes were noted during the macroscopic inspection at autopsy with the exception of changes in the stomach from 2 male animals from the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day) ), which were considered to be test item-related.
No test item related findings were noted in the female animals.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC (restricted to dose groups 1 and 4)
A statistically significant (p≤0.01) occurence of squamous cell hyperplasia in the non glandular mucosa of the forestomach was noted for the male and female rats (5 of 5 each) of the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day). Occasionally the squamous cell hyperplasia with subsequent hyperkeratinization was associated with acute inflammation of the submucosa in the non-glandular stomach (for 2/5 males and 1/5 females).
A pulmonary congestion was found in 4 of 5 male animals, which was statistically significant (p≤0.05) in comparison to the control group (0/5).
No microscopic changes were noted for the reproductive organs of the male and female rats of the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day).
Evaluation of reproduction parameters: see section 7.8.1 & 7.8.2 - Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- Parental generation F0
- Effect level:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- act. ingr.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Systemic effects
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) of the parental generation: 300 mg/kg bw/day, p.o.
- Executive summary:
The aim of the study was to obtain information on possible effects of the test item on general toxicity, reproduction and/or development according to OECD guideline 422. The test item was administered orally by gavage to rats at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg active ingredient/kg bw/day. The application started two weeks before mating on test day one and ended on the day or one day before sacrifice. Day of sacrifice was on test day 37 for the male rats and between lactation day 4 and 7 for the female rats. No test item-related premature death was noted in any treatment group (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day).
No signs of clinical toxicity were noted for the male and female rats of the low and intermediate dose groups (100 and 300 mg/kg bw/day). A slightly increased salivation was noted in one male rat, no further signs of clinical toxicity were noted for the male and female rats of the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day). No test item related influence was noted for the male and female rats of all treatment groups (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day) during the observational and functional (grip strength and spontaneous motility) neurological screenings. A slight reduction in body weight was noted for the male and female rats of the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day). For the male rats the reduction in body weight was noted from test day 8 (4.4%) until test day 36 (5.5%) and for the female rats from gestation day 0 (7.6%) until lactation day 4 (9.5%). The body weight at autopsy was reduced accordingly.
The laboratory examinations revealed an increased ALAT activity for the male and female rats of the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day) and a decrease in the albumin concentration for the male rats of the high dose group.
No test item-related changes were noted during the macroscopic inspection at autopsy with the exception of changes in the stomach from 2 male animals from the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day). Microscopic examination revealed the occurrence of squamous cell hyperplasia in the non-glandular mucosa and acute inflammation of the forestomach from the male and female rats of the high dose group (1000 mg test item/kg bw/day). Further microscopic findings occurred in form of pulmonary congestion in the male rats from the high dose group. NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) for repeated dose toxicity: 300 mg/kg bw/day, p.o.
Effects on reproduction parameters and organs (see section 7.8.1).
Effects on the development of the F1offsprings (pups) (see section 7.8.2).
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 7 December 2018 -
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted June 25, 2018
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.26 (Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity Test: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
- Version / remarks:
- Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, adopted May 30, 2008, published in the Official Journal of the European Union L142/1, dated May 31, 2008.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Limit test:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Test material contains 41.2% solid content, therefore a correction factor of 2.43 was applied.
See confidential information - Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: CD® / Crl:CD(SD)
- Details on species / strain selection:
- Selected because of its proven suitability in toxicology studies and to comply with regulatory requirements for testing in a rodent animal species.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Germany GmbH, Sandhofer Weg 7, 97633 Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at 1st dosing: Males: 57 days; Females: 59 days
- Weight at 1st dosing: Males: 292.6 to 344.7 g; Females: 208.3 to 264.8 g
- Fasting period before study: not reported
- Housing: The animals were kept singly in MAKROLON cages (type III plus) with a basal surface of approx. 39 cm × 23 cm and a height of approx. 18 cm. Granulated textured wood (Granulat A2, J. Brandenburg, 49424 Goldenstedt, Germany) was used as bedding material for the cages. The cages were changed and cleaned once a week. Periodic analysis of the bedding material for contaminants based on EPA/USA is conducted at least once a year by LUFA-ITL. The animals received one piece of wood (certified for animal use) to gnaw on once weekly at change of the cages. Octagon-shaped red-tinted huts (polycarbonate) were placed in the cages to offer the animals a resting and hiding place.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): A certified commercial pelleted diet (ssniff® R/M-H V1534, ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, 59494 Soest, Germany served as food. The food was offered ad libitum. Food residue was removed and weighed.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Drinking water was offered ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: Males: 13 days; Females: 15 days
DETAILS OF FOOD AND WATER QUALITY:
Periodic analysis of the food for contaminants based on EPA/USA is conducted at least twice a year by LUFA-ITL. Certificates of analysis of the composition and for contaminants were provided by the manufacturer and included in the raw data.
Drinking water is examined according to the 'Deutsche Trinkwasserverordnung 2001' [German Regulations on Drinking Water 2001] by the Hamburger Wasserwerke, 20539 Hamburg, Germany, at least four times a year. In addition, drinking water samples taken at LPT are analysed by LUFA-ITL once a year for means of bacteriological investigations according to the 'Deutsche Trinkwasserverordnung 2001, Anlage 1' [German Regulations on Drinking Water 2001, Addendum 1].
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22°C±3°C (maximum range)
- Humidity (%): 55% ± 10% (maximum range)
- Air changes (per hr): not reported
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES:
From: Start of exposure period: Male animals: 11 December 2018; Female animals: 13 December 2018
To: Dissection of main study animals: Male animals: 11 March 2019; Female animals: 13 March 2019
Dissection of recovery animals: Male animals: 08 April 2019; Female animals: 10 April 2019 - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Details on route of administration:
- Selection of administration route according to international guidelines.
- Vehicle:
- other: tap water
- Details on oral exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: The administration formulations were freshly prepared daily.
The test item was diluted in the vehicle to the appropriate concentrations.
Administration volume 5 mL/kg bw/day
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Tap water (the test item was well soluble)
- Concentration in vehicle: The test item was orally administered at a constant volume per kilogram body weight once daily for 90 days. The test item doses were adapted to each animal's current body weight daily up to and including test week 6, and once weekly thereafter.
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): Administration volume 5 mL/kg bw/day - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- The stability, homogeneity and concentration of the administration formulations were analysed. Samples of approximately 10 mL administration formulation were taken at the times given below and stored at -20°C±2°C until analysis.
-At first administration (males on test day 1)
*Analysis of stability and concentration
Immediately after preparation of the formulations as well as after 8 and 24 hours storage at room temperature.
(3 samples per test item-treated group).
*Number of aliquots: 3× 3 = 9
*Analysis of homogeneity
At start of administration, during administration (in the middle), and before administration to the last animal per dose group.
(3 samples per test item-treated group)
*Number of aliquots: 3 × 3 = 9
-At last administration (females on test day 90)
*Analysis of concentration
During treatment always before administration to the last animal per group.
(one sample per test item-treated group).
*Number of aliquots: 3
*Total number of samples: 21
The samples were labelled with study number, species, type of sample, concentration, test day, sampling time, and date.
The analysis of the test item-vehicle mixtures from test days 1 and 91 was performed by LPT using an HPLC-UV detection method that was validated at LPT The following parameters were determined according to ICH Q2 (2005):
- Linearity
- Accuracy
- Precision
- Sensitivity
- Specificity
- Stability
The results indicate that all test item formulations were correctly prepared by LPT, were very homogeneous, and were stable for at least 24 hours. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 90 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- once daily
- Dose / conc.:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Remarks:
- active ingredient; concentration: 20 mg/mL
- Dose / conc.:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Remarks:
- active ingredient; concentration: 60 mg/mL
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Remarks:
- active ingredient; concentration: 200 mg/mL
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- main study: 40
recovery period: 10
In addition, 10 spare animals (5 males and 5 females) were available for possible replacement during the adaptation period. - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale:
The dose levels for the study had been selected to be 100, 300 and 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day by the Sponsor based on the available toxicological data of an OECD 422 study (LPT report no. 28640). The dose of 1000 mg/kg bw was considered to be a maximum tolerated dose.
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): The animals were weighed and allocated to the test groups by means of a computerised randomisation program. Animals of the extremes of the weight distribution and/or any animal having shown signs of illness were to be excluded and replaced by spare animals. However, no replacements were necessary. The body weight variation of the animals used did not exceed ±20% of the mean weight per sex at start of the study.
None of the animals was replaced after the first dose had been administered.
- Fasting period before blood sampling for clinical biochemistry: overnight
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: Post-exposure recovery groups were included for the control and high dose group (5m + 5f per group)
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: 28 days.
- Section schedule rationale: computer randomisation model. - Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule:
The animals were observed individually before and after dosing at each time of dosing for any signs of behavioural changes, reaction to treatment, or illness.
In addition, the animals were checked regularly throughout the working day from 7.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. by cageside observations. On Saturdays and Sundays, the animals were checked regularly from 8.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon with a final check performed at approximately 4.00 p.m.
Cageside observations included skin/fur, eyes, mucous membranes, respiratory and circulatory systems, somatomotor activity and behaviour patterns. The onset, intensity and duration of any signs observed were recorded.
Dated and signed records of appearance, change and disappearance of clinical signs of individual animals were maintained on clinical history sheets.
Special attention was paid to ascertain if there were any signs of irritation after oral dosing, such as increased salivation, redness of the oral cavity, etc.
Further checks were made early in the morning and again in the afternoon of each working day to look for dead or moribund animals. On Saturdays and Sundays a similar procedure was followed with a final check at approximately 4.00 p.m. These provisions allowed for post mortem examinations to be carried out during the working period of the respective day, and to record premortal symptoms in detail. However, no deaths occurred and no premature sacrifice was necessary.
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included.
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: once before the first exposure (to allow for within-subject comparisons) and once a week thereafter until test week 13, detailed clinical observations were made in all animals. In test week 13 the observations were performed prior to any laboratory investigations. The observations were made outside the home cage in a standard arena and at the same time, each time. Signs noted included changes in skin, fur, eyes, mucous membranes, occurrence of secretions and excretions and autonomic activity (e.g. lacrimation, pilo-erection, pupil size, unusual respiratory pattern). Changes in gait, posture and response to handling as well as the presence of clonic or tonic movements, stereotypies (e.g. excessive grooming, repetitive circling) or bizarre behaviour (e.g. self-mutilation, walking backwards) were also recorded.
The detailed clinical observations were discontinued for the animals scheduled for the recovery period after test week 13 as none of the animals had ever revealed any abnormalities during the treatment period.
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: The weight of each rat was recorded at the time of group allocation, daily from the day of start of treatment up to and including test week 6 (for dose adjustment), and once weekly thereafter throughout the experimental period. Weekly values are reported for the entire study period.
FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
The quantity of food left by individual animals was recorded on a weekly basis throughout the experimental period. The food intake per animal (g/animal/week) was determined using the total amount of food given to and left by each animal in each group on completion of a treatment week.
The relative food consumption (in g/kg bw/day) was calculated as follows:
Relative food consumption (g/kg bw/day) = (Total food given (g) - Total food left (g)) / (Number of animal days# × Body weight (kg))
#The term 'animal days' counts one animal day for each animal alive for a whole day; it is assumed that on the day of death an animal does not eat.
WATER CONSUMPTION: No
- Time schedule for examinations: The drinking water consumption was recorded once weekly by weighing the water bottles after being filled and the water residues upon removal of the bottles at the end of the test week. The residue was discarded. Weekly means are reported.
Visual appraisal did not reveal any noteworthy water loss due to spilling. No data were recorded.
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Examinations were performed pre-dose (males: test day -1, females: test day -3), in test week 13 (end of the treatment period, males: test day 91, females: test day 89) and in test week 17 (end of recovery, males: test day 119, females: test day 117).
The eyes were examined with a HEINE ophthalmoscope. After examination of the pupillary reflex, mydriasis was produced by instillation of STULLN® eye drops (Ankerpharm GmbH, 07407 Rudolstadt, Germany) onto the cornea.
The following ocular structures were examined:
• Adnexa oculi (i.e. lids, lacrimal apparatus), conjunctiva
• Cornea, anterior chamber
• Lens, vitreous body, fundus (retina, optic disc)
- Dose groups that were examined: Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4)
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Blood samples were taken from the retrobulbar venous plexus at the following times:
At the end of the treatment period (test day 91, before necropsy): all main study animals
At the end of the recovery period (test day 119, before necropsy): all recovery animals
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, under isoflurane anaesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes, fasted overnight
- How many animals:
At the end of the treatment period (test day 91, before necropsy): all main study animals
At the end of the recovery period (test day 119, before necropsy): all recovery animals
- Parameters examined: Haemoglobin content, Erythrocytes, Leucocytes, Reticulocytes, Platelets, Haematocrit value, Differential blood count relative), Differential blood count (absolute), Mean corpuscular volume, Mean corpuscular haemaglobin, Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, Prothrombin time, Activated partial thromboplastin.
Following the haematological examinations using the ADVIA system, blood smears were prepared from all samples, dried and stained for possible histopathological examinations in case of pathological findings. So far, no histopathological examinations were performed.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Blood samples were taken from the retrobulbar venous plexus at the following times:
At the end of the treatment period (test day 91, before necropsy): all main study animals
At the end of the recovery period (test day 119, before necropsy): all recovery animals
- Animals fasted: Yes, fasted overnight
- How many animals:
At the end of the treatment period (test day 91, before necropsy): all main study animals
At the end of the recovery period (test day 119, before necropsy): all recovery animals
- Parameters examined: Albumin, Bile acids, Bilirubin (total), Cholesterol (total), High density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol), Low density lipoprotein ‘LDL cholesterol), Creatinine, Glucose, Protein (total), Urea (in blood), Calcium, Chloride, Potassium, Sodium, Alanine anmino transferase (ALAT), Alkaline phosphatase (aP),Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Thyroid hormones: In order to obtain approximately 2×150 µL serum each for determination of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a sufficient volume of blood was taken from the retrobulbar venous plexus under isoflurane anaesthesia from animals fasted overnight. Blood sampling was performed at the same time of day (at approx. 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.).
The serum samples were divided into aliquots and stored at -20°C±2°C at LPT until analysis.
The T3, T4 and TSH ELISA analyses were performed by LPT using commercial kits by IBL International GmbH (Hamburg, Germany) and a Tecan Sunrise microplate reader (Tecan Deutschland GmbH, Crailsheim, Germany). The evaluation was performed by LPT.
URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: The collection of urine was terminated immediately prior to starting the blood withdrawals for laboratory examinations at study termination.
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes. The urine was collected in URIMAX funnel cages from individual animals for 16 hours. - Animals fasted: Yes, fasted overnight
- Parameters examined: Volume, pH, Specific gravity, Protein, Glucose, Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, Ketones, Haemoglobin (Hb, approx.. values), Nitrite.
A microscopic examination of urine samples was carried out by centrifuging samples and spreading the resulting deposit on a microscope slide. The deposit was examined for the presence of the following parameters:
-Epithelial cells
-Leucocytes
-Erythrocytes
-Organisms
-Further constituents (i.e. sperm, casts)
-Crystalluria
The frequency of the above parameters in the centrifugal deposit was recorded as follows:
0 None found in any field examined
+ Few in some fields examined
++ Few in all fields examined
+++ Many in all fields examined
The colour and the turbidity of the urine were examined visually.
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: The neurological screening was performed at the following times: in test week 13 (at the end of the treatment period): all study animals
In test week 17 (at the end of the recovery period): all recovery animals
Screening of sensory reactivity to stimuli of different types (e.g. auditory, visual and proprioceptive stimuli; based on Gad), as well as an assessment of grip strength (Meyer) and motor activity assessment was conducted for all animals. The neurological screening in test week 13 was performed approximately 1 to 2 hours after dosing.
- Dose groups that were examined: all animals
- Battery of functions tested:
Observational screening: righting reflex, body temperature, salivation, startle response, respiration, mouth breathing, urination, convulsions, piloerection, diarrhoea, pupil size, pupil response, lacrimation, impaired gait, stereotypy, toe pinch, tail pinch, wire manoeuvre, hind leg splay, positional passivity, tremors, positive geotropism, limb rotation, auditory function.
Functional tests: grip strength, locomotor activity
IMMUNOLOGY: No
OTHER:
AUDITORY EXAMINATIONS: Examinations were performed pre-dose (males: test day -1, females: test day -3), in test week 13 (end of the treatment period, males: test day 91, females: test day 89) and in test week 17 (end of recovery, males: test day 119, females: test day 117).
The auditory acuity was checked with a simple noise test. - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes. On test day 91 (approx. 24 hours after the last dosing), all main study animals were dissected following a randomisation scheme. All animals allocated to the recovery period were sacrificed and dissected on test day 119.
At necropsy, the oestrus cycle of all main study and recovery females was determined by taking vaginal smears. These observations provided information regarding the stage of oestrus cycle at the time of humane killing and assisted in histopathological evaluation of oestrogen sensitive tissues.
The animals were sacrificed by carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation, exsanguinated by cutting the aorta abdominalis, weighed, dissected, and inspected macroscopically under the direction of a pathologist.
All superficial tissues were examined visually and by palpation. The cranial roof was removed to allow observation of the brain, pituitary gland and cranial nerves. After ventral midline incision and skin reflection, all subcutaneous tissues were examined. The condition of the thoracic viscera was noted with due attention to the thymus, the lymph nodes and the heart.
The abdominal viscera were examined before and after removal, the urinary bladder was examined externally and by palpation. The gastro-intestinal tract was examined as a whole and the stomach and caecum were incised and examined. The lungs were removed and all pleural surfaces were examined under suitable illumination. The liver and the kidneys were examined. Any abnormalities in the appearance and size of the gonads, adrenal glands, uterus, intra-abdominal lymph nodes and accessory reproductive organs were recorded.
The organs listed below were weighed before fixation: Adrenal gland (2), Brain, Epididymis (2), Heart, Kidney (2), Liver, Ovary (2), Spleen, Pituitary, Testicle (2), Thymus, Thyroid (2, including parathyroids), Uterus including cervix, Prostate and seminal vesicles with coagulating glands (as a whole)
The eyes were fixed in Davidson's solution and the testes in modified Davidson’s solution for optimum fixation. The organs or parts of organs of all animals of all test groups as listed below were fixed in 7% neutral buffered formalin: Adrenal gland (2), Aorta abdominalis, Bone (os femoris with joint), Bone marrow (os femoris), Brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem), Epididymis (2), Eye with optic nerve, Gross lesions (if any observed), Heart (left and right ventricle, septum), Intestine, small (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, Swiss roll method), Intestine, large (colon, rectum), Kidney and ureter (2), Liver (2 lobes), Lungs (with mainstem bronchi and bronchioles [preserved by inflation with fixative and then immersion])), Lymph node (1, cervical), Lymph node (1, mesenteric), Mammary gland, Muscle (skeletal, leg), Nerve (sciatic), Oesophagus, Ovary with oviducts (2), Pancreas, Pituitary, Prostate and seminal vesicles with coagulating glands, Salivary glands (mandibular, parotid, sublingual), Skin (left flank), Spinal cord (3 sections: cervical, mid-thoracic, lumbar), Spleen, Stomach, Testicles (2), Thyroid (2, incl. parathyroids), Tissue masses or tumours (including regional lymph nodes), Trachea (including larynx), Urinary bladder, Uterus (including cervix), Vagina.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes. The organs listed above (fixed in 7% neutral buffered formalin) of all main study and recovery animals of groups 1 (control) and 4 (high dose) were examined histopathologically after preparation of haematoxylin-eosin stained paraffin sections. Frozen sections of the heart, liver, and one kidney were prepared, stained with Oil Red O, and examined histopathologically.
A detailed histopathological examination was performed on one testicle and one epididymis of the males of groups 1 and 4 following H-E and PAS staining in order to identify treatment related effects such as retained spermatids, missing germ cell layers or types, multinucleate giant cells or sloughing of spermatogenic cells into the lumen. Special attention was given to possible stage-specific changes.
Parathyroids were examined microscopically if identified macroscopically and if in the plane of section and in cases they are noted as grossly enlarged.
The histopathological evaluation of group 4 animals (high dose) identified the stomach as a target organ. Therefore, the stomachs of all group 2 and 3 animals (low and intermediate dose) were H-E stained and examined histopathologically, too.
The histotechnique was performed by LPT. The slides of groups 1 and 4 (labelled with study number, species, animal number, block number) were dispatched to Test Site for histopathology on 28 May 2019. The slides with the stomach sections for the additional examinations of groups 2 and 3 were dispatched on 06 August 2019.
The transport of slides to the Test Site was arranged by LPT, whereas the return transport to the Test Facility was arranged by the Test Site.
Histopathology was performed by Dr. R.J.M.M. Thoolen, Global Pathology Support B.V., Benoordenhoutseweg 23, 2596 BA The Hague, The Netherlands, under the Test Site reference 544 according to all relevant Test Site SOPs.
The histopathological examination included the organs and tissues as defined in the Study Plan and any subsequent Study Plan amendments.
All observations upon final assessment were reported per animal and the findings considered relevant for the treatment in an incidence and occurrence table. All microscopic findings were recorded, reported and archived with the Provantis system.
The report of the histopathology phase of the study comprises a description of objective, materials and methods, results (including results of macroscopic and microscopic changes) and conclusions. The unaudited Draft Phase Report was presented electronically to the Study Director for comments/review. Comments, if any, were addressed and the Draft Final Phase Report of the histopathology phase of the study was presented to the TSQAU for auditing.
The audited Draft Final Phase Report of the histopathology phase of the study was sent electronically to the Study Director who provided documented approval on the contents of the Phase Report by fax or e-mail to the Principal Investigator. An original of the final, signed Phase Report was sent (on paper and electronically) to the Study Director; a copy is archived by the Test Site.
The Phase Report on histopathology is included ('Pathologist's Report').
The blood smears prepared from all animals during the haematological examination were retained for possible examination of pathological changes but were not examined and evaluated so far as there were no noteworthy necropsy findings and no request by the Sponsor. - Other examinations:
- The oestrus cycle stages (proestrous, oestrous, metoestrous, dioestrous) of all main study and recovery females was determined by analysis of vaginal smears taken at necropsy at terminal sacrifice (test day 91) or recovery sacrifice (test day 119).
- Statistics:
- All toxicology and pathology data were captured, as far as possible, using the departmental computerised systems (Provantis® Integrated preclinical software, version 10.2, Instem LSS Ltd., Stone, Staffordshire ST15 0SD, United Kingdom). Raw data not fully compatible with the computerised systems were maintained on paper according to appropriate SOPs.
The test item-treated groups 2, 3 and 4 were compared with the control group 1.
The statistical methods below were used for the data captured with the Provantis system:
- Multiple t-test based on DUNNETT, C. W. New tables for multiple Comparisons with a control. Biometrics, 482-491 (Sept 1964): Body weight / Food consumption / Haematology and coagulation / Clinical chemistry / Thyroid hormones / Relative and absolute organ weights / Water consumption / Urinalysis (p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01)
- Exact test of R. A. FISHER (if applicable): Histopathology (p ≤ 0.05)
Homogeneity of variances and normality of distribution were tested using BARTLETT's test and the SHAPIRO-WILK's test. In case of heterogeneity and/or non-normality of distribution, stepwise transformation of the values into logarithmic or rank values was performed prior to ANOVA. If the ANOVA yielded a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05), intergroup comparisons with the control group were made by DUNNETT's test.
The following statistical methods were used for the data NOT captured with the Provantis system:
STUDENT's t-test: All numerical functional tests: Body temperature / Hind leg splay / Grip strength / Spontaneous motility (p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01. The following limits were used:
- p = 0.05 / 0.01 ^ t = 2.05 / 2.76 (for 28 degrees of freedom)
- p = 0.05 / 0.01 ^ t = 2.07 / 2.81 (for 23 degrees of freedom)
- p = 0.05 / 0.01 ^ t = 2.31 / 3.36 (for 8 degrees of freedom).
The statistical procedures were used for all data. Statistically significantly different data are indicated in the tables of the report. - Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Treatment period: None of the male and female rats treated orally with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed any test item-related changes in behaviour, external appearance, consistency of faeces, body posture, and movement and coordination capabilities.
Recovery period: None of the animals previously treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed any abnormalities related to the previous treatment during the 4-week recovery period. - Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Description (incidence):
- Treatment period No deaths were noted at any dose level. All animals survived until their scheduled sacrifice.
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Treatment period: The mean body weight of the male and female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day was slightly reduced by up to 7.4% in males and up to 10.7% in females in comparison to the control group. The body weight gain and the body weight at autopsy of both sexes were reduced accordingly. This effect is considered to be test item-related.
Recovery period: The body weight of the male and female animals recovered towards the normal range, no noteworthy difference compared to the control group was noted at the end of the recovery period. - Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No test item-related toxicologically relevant influence was noted on absolute and relative food consumption.For the male high-dosed animals, a slight but statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) increase by up to 14.4% was noted for the relative food consumption compared to the control animals starting in test week 2 during the treatment period and lasting until test week 16 during the recovery period, however no significant changes were seen in the absolute food consumption.These changes are within the normal range of biological variation. In test week 17 (end of recovery), when the previously high-dosed male animals revealed no evident difference in the body weight compared to the control animals, there was also no noteworthy difference in the food consumption between the two groups.
For the female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day, a slight but statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.01) decrease in absolute food consumption of up to 14.6% was noted in test weeks 1 and 10 to 12. In test week 1, the relative food consumption was also slightly decreased (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.01), however in test weeks 10 to 12 no significant changes were noted for the relative food consumption. Accordingly, high-dosed female animals showed slightly lower body weights of up to 10.7% (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.01) in test weeks 10 to 12. All changes are within the normal range of biological variation. - Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The female animals treated with the intermediate dose of 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed a slight increase of the drinking water consumption by up to 25.9% (in test week 13) compared to the control group being statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) in test weeks 1 to 8, 11, and 13.
At the high dose of 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day, both the male and the female animals revealed an increase of the drinking water consumption by up to 64.0% (in test week 4) for the male animals and by up to 60.6% (in test week 3) for the female animals in comparison to the control group as of test week 1. The effect was statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) in test weeks 1 to 13 for the male and female animals and appeared to be slightly more pronounced in the female animals than in the male animals. . The increased drinking water consumption is considered a test item-related effect.
Recovery period: No noteworthy difference was noted for the drinking water consumption of the male animals previously treated with the high dose in comparison to the control group during the recovery period.
The drinking water consumption of the female animals previously treated with the high dose was still slightly increased by 17.5% (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group in test week 14. Afterwards, there was no noteworthy difference between the previously high-dosed animals and the control group. - Ophthalmological findings:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Treatment period: No test item-related changes were noted.
Recovery period: No test item-related changes were noted. - Haematological findings:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Treatment period: No test item-related changes were noted in haematology and coagulation.
Recovery period: No test item-related changes were noted.
Some statistically significant differences in haematological parameters were noted in comparison to the control group that are not considered to be test item-related but to be coincidental. - Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Treatment period: No test item-related changes were noted for clinical biochemistry and serum levels of triiodothyronine) (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Recovery period: No test item-related changes were noted.
Some statistically significant differences in biochemical parameters were noted in comparison to the control group that are not considered to be test item-related but to be coincidental.
The serum levels of T4 appeared to be decreased by 24.4% or 25.5% in the male animals treated with 300 or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.01 for both groups) in comparison to the control animals at the end of the treatment period, respectively (test day 91, only the main study animals). The female animals revealed a decrease by 22.4% (not statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) at 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day but an increase by 8.7% at 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day in comparison to the control (also not statistically significant).
The mode of toxicological action on the thyroid gland by various substances is quite similar, independently of the mechanism that leads to the reduction of the T4 level. Increased release of TSH from the pituitary gland is observed as a response to a decreased circulating T4 level. However, no influence was noted on the thyroid weight, and no histopathological findings were observed for the thyroids in animals treated with the test item. Therefore, a toxicological relevance of the decreased T4 serum levels cannot be confirmed for the test item due to the absence of any of the described changes expected to follow a toxicity-related decrease in T4 serum levels. Hence, these changes are considered coincidental alterations within the range of normal biological variability, as only 1 animal in the intermediate and high dose group each showed T4 serum levels outside the historical range. - Urinalysis findings:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Treatment period: No test item-related changes were noted for urinalysis.
Recovery period: No test item-related changes were noted.
A large amount ('+++') of erythrocytes in the centrifugal deposits and an increased haemoglobin content (250 erythrocytes/µL) were observed in the urine of 4 of 10 male animals (nos. 71, 72, 75, and 77) treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day at the end of the treatment period and one male control animal. For all animals, all findings observed (increased number of erythrocytes, increased haemoglobin content, urine colour) are not regarded to be test item-related effects. For animals no. 71, 72 and 75 as well as the single control animal, we consider these changes most likely to be due to small injuries at the animals' claws caused by the metal grid of the funnel cages that might not have been detected at necropsy. For animal no. 77, there are two possible causes for the findings. However, due to animal no. 77 being the only high dose animal to show macroscopic and microscopic changes in the related organs, we consider these to be spontaneous and not test item-related.
Some other statistically significant differences were noted for the urinary parameters in comparison to the control group that are not considered to be test item-related but to be coincidental. - Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No test item-related and/or statistically significant influence was noted on any of the parameters examined during the functional observation tests, on the fore- and hindlimb grip strength, or on the spontaneous motility for any of the male and female animals after repeated oral treatment with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day in test week 13 and in test week 17. In female animals treated with either 100, 300 or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day, a decrease in spontaneous motility was noted compared to control animals. This difference was even more pronounced at the end of the recovery period for females previously treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day. However, during the daily observation of the animals no corresponding clinical signs were noted, and the neurological screening revealed no differences in behaviour between the treated and control animals. Therefore, these apparent effects observed in a single test are considered to be spontaneous and not related to any toxic effect of the test item.
- Immunological findings:
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Treatment period: No test item-related changes were noted in organ weights.
Recovery period: No test item-related changes were noted.
Any differences noted for the relative or absolute organ weights of the test item-treated animals at the end of the treatment period or at the end of the recovery period in comparison to the control animals are not considered to be test item-related and to be within the normal range of biological variation. The increased relative brain weight noted in females treated with 300 or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day is considered a secondary effect to the reduced body weight at necropsy, as the absolute brain weight does not differ between the control group animals and the animals treated with the test item.
Statistically significant differences in organ weights compared to the control animals that are not considered to be test item-related are listed.
Any differences noted for the relative or absolute organ weights of the test item-treated animals at the end of the treatment period or at the end of the recovery period in comparison to the control animals are not considered to be test item-related and to be within the normal range of biological variation. The increased relative brain weight noted in females treated with 300 or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day is considered a secondary effect to the reduced body weight at necropsy, as the absolute brain weight does not differ between the control group animals and the animals treated with the test item.
Some statistically significant differences in organ weights compared to the control animals were not considered to be test item-related. - Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Treatment period: One of 10 female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed test item-related changes in form of a thickened mucosa in the cardia region of the stomach with multiple elevated foci with a diameter of 1 to 3 mm that were partly crater-like. Histopathological correlates were noted at microscopic examination.
- Neuropathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Treatment period: Histopathology was restricted to control/high dose group, and stomachs of low and intermediate dose groups. Test item-related local changes were noted in the stomach (non-glandular) of almost all animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day in form of squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (10 of 10 males, 9 of 10 females) and submucosal mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate (4 of 10 animals per each sex). No local changes were noted in the stomachs at 100 and 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day
Recovery period: The histomorphological examination did not reveal any findings related to the previous test item-treatment, in particular no abnormalities were noted in the stomach. - Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Other effects:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- AUDITORY EXAMINATIONS:
-Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4): There was no indication of any impairment to auditory acuity.
OESTRUS CYCLE:
-The oestrus cycle stages (proestrous, oestrous, metoestrous, dioestrous) of all main study and recovery females was determined by analysis of vaginal smears taken at necropsy at terminal sacrifice (test day 91) or recovery sacrifice (test day 119). All groups showed a normal variation regarding the frequency of the different oestrus cycle stages. - Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
-Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4):
No test item-related changes in behaviour, external appearance, or consistency of faeces were observed for the male and female rats following repeated oral treatment with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day for 90 days.
No signs of irritation were observed following the oral dosing, in particular no salivation or redness of the oral cavity.
None of the animals died prematurely, all animals survived until their scheduled sacrifice at terminal sacrifice or recovery sacrifice.
Detailed clinical observations in form of an assessment of external appearance, body posture, movement and coordination capabilities, as well as behaviour were performed for all animals pre- and post-dose on test day 1 (= TW 1), and always on the first day of the week in test weeks 2 to 13. The observations were made within approx. 2 hours after dosing.
All parameters of the detailed clinical observations of all animals scheduled for the control group or the treatment groups were in the normal range at pre-dose examination on test day 1.
-Treatment period:
None of the animals treated with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed any changes in external appearance, body posture, movement and coordination capabilities in test weeks 1 to 13. All male and female control animals revealed normal values for each parameter set examined throughout the treatment period.
The detailed clinical observations were discontinued for the animals scheduled for the recovery period after test week 13 as none of the animals had ever revealed any abnormalities during the treatment period.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
-Treatment period:
No test-item related influence was noted on the body weight, the body weight gain and the body weight at autopsy for the male and female animals treated orally with 100 or 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day for 90 days in comparison to the control group during the treatment period.
The mean body weight of the female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day was slightly but statistically significantly (at p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01, day 43-50 and 64-90) decreased by up to 10.7% in comparison to the control group as of test day 43. Body weight gain appeared to be slightly lower in females dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw.
The body weight of the male high-dosed animals was also slightly reduced by up to 7.4% (on test day 78) in comparison to the control group, but none of the decreases attained statistical significance (at p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, body weight gain appeared to be slightly lower as well.
The body weight at autopsy of male and female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day was reduced accordingly.
This effect is considered to be test item-related.
The low-dosed male animals revealed a marginal decrease of the body weight (by up to 5.8% in comparison to the control group on test day 85), whereas at the intermediate dose the body weight was always nearly identical to that of the control group.
Given these observations, the marginal decreases of the body weight noted for the male and female animals at the intermediate and/or low dose is not considered to be test item-related but to be within the range of normal biological variation.
- Recovery period (restricted to control and high dose, groups 1 and 4):
A recovery of the reduced body weight of the female animals was noted during the course of the recovery period as the difference to the control group (statistically significant on test days 97 (-8.7%; p ≤ 0.01) and 104 (-7.3%; p ≤ 0.05)) declined to be only -4.5% at study termination (not statistically significant).
The slight difference in body weight noted between the male high-dosed animals and the control animals at the end of the treatment period also declined during the recovery period such that the body weight of the previously high-dosed animals and the control animals was nearly identical at study termination.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study)
-Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4):
No test-item related influence was noted on the absolute and relative food consumption for the animals treated orally with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day for 90 days in comparison to the control group throughout the treatment and recovery period.
For the male high-dosed animals, a slight but statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) increase by up to 14.4% was noted for the relative food consumption compared to the control animals starting in test week 2 during the treatment period and lasting until test week 16 during the recovery period, however no significant changes were seen in the absolute food consumption. The changes seen for the relative food consumption are within the normal range of biological variation.
In test week 17 (end of recovery), when the previously high-dosed male animals revealed no evident difference in the body weight compared to the control animals, there was also no noteworthy difference in the food consumption between the two groups.
For the female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day, a slight but statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.01) decrease in absolute food consumption of up to 14.6% was noted in test weeks 1 and 10 to 12. In test week 1, the relative food consumption was also slightly decreased (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.01), however in test weeks 10 to 12 no significant changes were noted for the relative food consumption. Accordingly, high-dosed female animals showed slightly lower body weights of up to 10.7% (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.01) in test weeks 10 to 12. In test week 1, no significant differences in bodyweight between female high-dosed and control animals were noted, however the decrease in absolute and relative food consumption is considered spontaneous and not test-item related due to its transient nature. Furthermore, all changes are within the normal range of biological variation.
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study)
-Treatment period:
No test-item related influence was noted on the drinking water consumption for the male and female animals treated orally with 100 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day and for the male animals treated with 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day for 90 days in comparison to the control group throughout the treatment and recovery period.
The female animals treated with the intermediate dose of 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed a slight increase of the drinking water consumption by up to 25.9% (in test week 13) compared to the control group being statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) in test weeks 1 to 8, 11, and 13.
At the high dose of 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day, both the male and the female animals revealed an increase of the drinking water consumption by up to 64.0% (in test week 4) for the male animals and by up to 60.6% (in test week 3) for the female animals in comparison to the control group as of test week 1. The effect was statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) in test weeks 1 to 13 for the male and female animals and appeared to be slightly more pronounced in the female animals than in the male animals. Visual appraisal did not reveal any noteworthy water loss due to spilling.
The increase in the drinking water consumption noted for the females at the intermediate dose level and for the males and females at the high dose level is considered to be test item-related and regarded as an adverse finding. No increase in urinary volume was observed in animals of the intermediate and high dose groups, however, this parameter was determined only once at the end of the treatment period. Therefore, changes in urinary volumes as expected following an increase in drinking water consumption might have occurred during the study without being detected.
-Recovery period (restricted to control and high dose - groups 1 and 4):
No noteworthy difference was noted for the drinking water consumption of the male animals previously treated with the high dose in comparison to the control group during the recovery period.
The drinking water consumption of the female animals previously treated with the high dose was still slightly increased by 17.5% (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group in test week 14. Afterwards, there was no noteworthy difference between the previously high-dosed animals and the control group.
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
-Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4):
Ophthalmological examination did not reveal any changes of the eyes and the optic region in the animals treated orally with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day for 90 days at the end of the treatment period.
No changes of the eyes and the optic region were noted for the animals previously treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day for 90 days at the end of the recovery period.
HAEMATOLOGY
-Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4):
No test item-related influence was observed on the haematological parameters for the male and female animals treated orally with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day compared to the control animals at the end of the treatment period (test day 91, only the main study animals) and at the end of the recovery period (test day 119, groups 1 and 4 only).
No test item-related effects were observed for the haemoglobin content (HGB), the numbers of erythrocytes (RBC), leucocytes (WBC) and platelets (PLT), the relative reticulocyte count (Reti), the haematocrit value (HCT), the relative and absolute differential blood count, the prothrombin time (PT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) at the end of the treatment period and at the end of the recovery period. All data were within the limits of normal biological variability.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
-Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4):
No test item-related influence was observed on the biochemical parameters for the male and female animals treated orally with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day compared to the control animals at the end of the treatment period (test day 91, only the main study animals) and at the end of the recovery period (test day 119, groups 1 and 4 only).
No test item-related effects were noted on the plasma levels of albumin, bile acids, bilirubin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, total protein, urea (in blood), calcium, chloride, potassium, and sodium at the end of the treatment period and at the end of the recovery period. No test item-related influence was noted on the plasma enzyme activities of alanine amino-transferase (ALAT), alkaline phosphatase (aP), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). All data are within the range of normal biological variability.
No test item-related influence was observed on the thyroid hormone levels for the male and female animals following daily oral treatment with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day compared to the control animals at the end of the treatment period (test day 91, only the main study animals) and at the end of the recovery period (test day 119, groups 1 and 4 only).
No test item-related effects were noted on the serum levels of T3 (thyroid hormones triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). All data are considered to be within the range of normal biological variability.
The serum levels of T4 appeared to be decreased by 24.4% or 25.5% in the male animals treated with 300 or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.01 for both groups) in comparison to the control animals at the end of the treatment period, respectively (test day 91, only the main study animals). The female animals revealed a decrease by 22.4% (not statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) at 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day but an increase by 8.7% at 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day in comparison to the control (also not statistically significant).
The mode of toxicological action on the thyroid gland by various substances is quite similar, independently of the mechanism that leads to the reduction of the T4 level. Increased release of TSH from the pituitary gland is observed as a response to a decreased circulating T4 level. However, no influence was noted on the thyroid weight, and no histopathological findings were observed for the thyroids in animals treated with the test item. Therefore, a toxicological relevance of the decreased T4 serum levels cannot be confirmed for the test item due to the absence of any of the described changes expected to follow a toxicity-related decrease in T4 serum levels. Hence, these changes are considered coincidental alterations within the range of normal biological variability, as only 1 animal in the intermediate and high dose group each showed T4 serum levels outside the historical range.
It is generally known that a histopathological examination of the thyroid is usually more sensitive and thus more reliable in detecting thyroid-related toxic effects of a test item than thyroid hormone levels and thyroid weight. According to the validation report of OECD Guideline 407 (referenced in OECD Guideline 408) 'thyroid histopathology was consistently the most reliable and most sensitive endpoint for the detection of thyroid modulation. Thyroid weight was reliable, but was somewhat less sensitive when compared to thyroid histopathology. Circulating thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4, and TSH) were not always reliable and sensitive, but the standard operating procedures for blood sampling and for thyroid hormone analyses were not standardised to reduce stress induced variability and to reduce analytical variability, respectively. Circulating T4 levels were the most promising of the three thyroid hormonal values'.
URINALYSIS
-Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4):
Daily oral treatment with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day did not lead to any test item-related changes of the urinary parameters in the male and female animals compared to the control group at the end of the treatment period (test day 91, only the main study animals) and at the end of the recovery period (test day 119, groups 1 and 4 only).
No test item-related changes were noted for the specific gravity, the pH value of the urine and the urine volume. The analyte concentrations of nitrite, protein, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin, and haemoglobin were not influenced in a test item-related way in male and female animals. No test item-related changes were observed in the urine colour and the microscopically analysed urine sediments.
A large amount ('+++') of erythrocytes in the centrifugal deposits and an increased haemoglobin content (250 erythrocytes/µL) were observed in the urine of 4 of 10 male animals (nos. 71, 72, 75, and 77) treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day at the end of the treatment period. The colour of these animals' urine was brown (no. 71), brown-yellow (nos. 72 and 75), or red (no. 77). For animal no. 77, a small injury at one claw was noticed at the end of the urine collection, which might have been a source for blood contaminating the urine sample. However, during necropsy of this animal several findings were noted (i.e. urinary bladder filled with red liquid, dilated urether, and enlarged kidneys) that also might have been the cause for the erythrocytes found in the urine sample. For the kidney and urether, respective findings were observed at histopathological examination of these organs. For animal no. 71, a minimal dilation of the pelvis of one kidney was noted during histopathological examination, however no corresponding macroscopic changes were noted during necropsy for animal no. 71, and neither macroscopic nor microscopic changes were noted in animals no. 72 and 75. In addition, no paw injuries were observed in any of these animals. However, the urine was collected overnight without continuous observation of the animals. Any small injuries which may have occurred would have been licked clean by the animals by morning, so that these injuries would not have been detected by our staff. Hence, the source of the blood contamination in the urine samples of animals no. 71, 72 and 75 cannot be determined and there is no data to either support or disaprove a causal relationship with the test item treatment.
The same findings as noted for the 4 high-dosed animals were also observed for one male control animal (no. 10, urine colour: brown). For this animal, this finding has not to be considered incidental as no test item was administered to this animal.
NEUROBEHAVIOUR
The neurological screening was performed on all main study and recovery animals (groups 1 and 4: n = 15 per group per sex, groups 2 and 3: n = 10 per group and sex) at the end of treatment (in test week 13) 1 to 2 hours after dosing, and on all recovery animals (groups 1 and 4: n = 5 per group and sex) at the end of the recovery period (in test week 17).
-Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4):
No test item-related and/or statistically significant influence was noted on any of the parameters examined during the functional observation tests, on the fore- and hindlimb grip strength, or on the spontaneous motility for any of the male and female animals after repeated oral treatment with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day in test week 13 and in test week 17. In female animals treated with either 100, 300 or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day, a decrease in spontaneous motility was noted compared to control animals. This difference was even more pronounced at the end of the recovery period for females previously treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day. However, during the daily observation of the animals no corresponding clinical signs were noted, and the neurological screening revealed no differences in behaviour between the treated and control animals. Therefore, these apparent effects observed in a single test are considered to be spontaneous and not related to any toxic effect of the test item.
For all animals, all findings observed (increased number of erythrocytes, increased haemoglobin content, urine colour) are not regarded to be test item-related effects. For animals no. 71, 72 and 75 as well as the single control animal, we consider these changes most likely to be due to small injuries at the animals' claws caused by the metal grid of the funnel cages that might not have been detected at necropsy. For animal no. 77, there are two possible causes for the findings. However, due to animal no. 77 being the only high dose animal to show macroscopic and microscopic changes in the related organs, we consider these to be spontaneous and not test item-related.
ORGAN WEIGHTS
-Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4):
No test-item related influence was noted on the relative and absolute organ weights of the male and female animals following repeated oral treatment with 100, 300 or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day in comparison to the control animals at the end of the treatment period (test day 91, only the main study animals) and at the end of the recovery period (test day 119, groups 1 and 4 only).
Any differences noted for the relative or absolute organ weights of the test item-treated animals at the end of the treatment period or at the end of the recovery period in comparison to the control animals are not considered to be test item-related and to be within the normal range of biological variation. The increased relative brain weight noted in females treated with 300 or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day is considered a secondary effect to the reduced body weight at necropsy, as the absolute brain weight does not differ between the control group animals and the animals treated with the test item.
GROSS PATHOLOGY
-Treatment period:
The macroscopic inspection at necropsy did not reveal any test item-related changes in the organs and tissues of the male and female animals repeatedly treated orally with 100 or 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day at terminal sacrifice at the end of the treatment period (test day 91).
One of 10 male high dose animals (no. 77) revealed enlarged kidneys, bilateral dilated urethers and a urinary bladder filled with red liquid that are not considered test item-related. The changes in the kidneys and urethers correlated with histopathological findings.
One of 10 female high dose animals (no. 87) revealed a thickened mucosa in the cardia region of the stomach with multiple elevated foci with a diameter of 1 to 3 mm that were partly crater-like. These changes are considered to be test item-related as histopathological correlates were noted at microscopic examination.
-Recovery period (restricted to control and high dose - groups 1 and 4):
No test item-related changes were noted for the male and female animals previously treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day at the end of the recovery period.
A few minor macroscopic findings were noted in various organs of individual animals at terminal sacrifice or recovery sacrifice. These changes are not regarded as test item-related but to be of spontaneous nature due to their isolated occurrences. In detail, these findings were:
Enlarged kidneys, increased lobular pattern of the liver, slightly enlarged spleen, enlarged thyroids, dilated urether, urinary bladder filled with red liquid, dilated uterus, or uterus filled with clear liquid.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
The histological examination was restricted to the main study and recovery animals of group 1 (control) and group 4 (high dose) and was performed by Global Pathology Support, The Netherlands. In order to further assess test item-related stomach changes observed for both sexes in selected group 4 animals, further histopathological evaluation of the stomachs of group 2 and 3 (low/intermediate dose) was performed in both sexes.
Histopathology evaluation of group 4 revealed test item-related changes in the non-glandular part of the stomach (i.e. the forestomach) in almost all animals for squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (10 of 10 males and 9 of 10 females). Furthermore, submucosal mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate was observed in the non-glandular and the glandular part of the stomach (4 of 10 animals each per sex).
Macroscopic changes noted in form of a thickened mucosa in the cardiac region of the stomach with multiple elevations for one female animal (no. 87) treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day were associated with the microscopic findings of squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the non-glandular stomach, and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate in the submucosa (glandular and non-glandular part).
The histopathological evaluation of the stomachs of group 2 and 3 (low/intermediate dose) did not reveal any test item-related effects.
The animals from group 4 scheduled for the 28-day recovery did not show any test item-related findings at the end of the recovery period.
OTHER FINDINGS
AUDITORY EXAMINATIONS:
-Treatment and recovery period (recovery restricted to control/high dose, groups 1/4):
There was no indication of any impairment to auditory acuity.
OESTRUS CYCLE:
The oestrus cycle stages (proestrous, oestrous, metoestrous, dioestrous) of all main study and recovery females was determined by analysis of vaginal smears taken at necropsy at terminal sacrifice (test day 91) or recovery sacrifice (test day 119). All groups showed a normal variation regarding the frequency of the different oestrus cycle stages. - Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- act. ingr.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- water consumption and compound intake
- Key result
- Critical effects observed:
- yes
- Lowest effective dose / conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- System:
- gastrointestinal tract
- Organ:
- stomach
- Treatment related:
- yes
- Dose response relationship:
- yes
- Relevant for humans:
- no
- Conclusions:
- Under consideration of the observations described above, in particular the reduced body weight and the substantially increased water consumption, the experimental no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw by daily oral administration.
None of the animals previously treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed any abnormalities related to the previous treatment during the recovery period, thus all toxicological relevant changes observed at the end of the treatment period were completely reversible within the 4-week recovery period. - Executive summary:
The aim of the study was to obtain information on the toxicity of Butanedioic acid, 2(or 3)-sulfo-, 4-[2-[(1-oxo(C12-C18 (even numbered) and C18 unsaturated)alkyl)) amino]ethyl]esters, disodium salts (= 'act. ingr.') at dose levels of 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg bw given to rats by daily oral administration via gavage for 90 days, and the reversibility of any effects after a 4-week treatment-free recovery period.
Treatment period:
No deaths were noted at any dose level. All animals survived until their scheduled sacrifice.
None of the male and female rats treated orally with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed any test item-related changes in behaviour, external appearance, consistency of faeces, body posture, and movement and coordination capabilities
No test item-related effects were noted during the observational screening and the functional tests.
The mean body weight of the male and female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day was slightly reduced by up to 10.7% in females and up to 7.4% in males in comparison to the control group.
The body weight gain and the body weight at autopsy of both sexes were reduced accordingly. This effect is considered to be test item-related.
No toxicologically relevant test item-related influence was noted on absolute and relative food consumption
Treatment with 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day led to an increase of the drinking water consumption of the female animals by up to 25.9% in comparison to the control group starting in test week 1. No effect was noted for the corresponding male animals. At the high dose of 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day, both the male and the female animals revealed an increase of the drinking water consumption by up to 64.0% in comparison to the control group starting in test week 1. The increased drinking water consumption is considered a test item-related effect.
No test item-related changes were noted in haematological and coagulation parameters.
No test item-related changes were noted in clinical chemistry.
No test item-related or toxicologically relevant influence was noted on the serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
No test item-related changes were noted in urinalysis.
No test item-related changes were noted in ophtalmological and auditory examination.
At necropsy, one of 10 female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed test item-related changes in form of a thickened mucosa in the cardia region of the stomach with multiple elevated foci with a diameter of 1 to 3 mm that were partly crater-like. Histopathological correlates were noted at microscopic examination.
No test item-related changes were noted in organ weights.
Histopathological examination restricted to control and high dose group, revealed test item-related local changes in the stomach (non-glandular) of almost all animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day in form of squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (10 of 10 males, 9 of 10 females) and submucosal mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate (4 of 10 animals per each sex).
Histopathological stomach examination of low and intermediate dose groups revealed no local changes in the stomachs at 100 and 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day.
Recovery period:
None of the animals previously treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed any abnormalities related to the previous treatment during the 4-week recovery period.
The body weight of the male and female animals recovered towards the normal range, no noteworthy difference compared to the control group was noted at the end of the recovery period.
The drinking water intake of all previously high-dosed animals was in the normal range during the recovery period.
The histomorphological examination did not reveal any findings related to the previous test item-treatment, in particular no abnormalities were noted in the stomach.
Under consideration of the observations described above, in particular the reduced body weight and the substantially increased water consumption, the experimental NOAEL was 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw by daily oral administration.
None of the animals previously treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day revealed any abnormalities related to the previous treatment during the recovery period, thus all toxicological relevant changes observed at the end of the treatment period were completely reversible within the 4 -week recovery period.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Mean body weight males
Body Weight (g) |
||||||
Sex: Male |
Day(s) Relative to Start Date |
|||||
1 |
8v |
15 |
22v |
29v |
36v |
|
Group 1: control |
293.02 |
334.59 |
350.28 |
386.70 |
410.83 |
440.86 |
Group 2: 100 mg/kg |
293.46 |
328.96 |
347.75 |
380.93 |
405.63 |
436.65 |
Group 3: 300 mg/kg |
294.16 |
336.32 |
353.72 |
392.53 |
416.39 |
446.90 |
Group 4: 1000 mg/kg |
293.14 |
319.93* |
338.13 |
367.75 |
389.07 |
416.42 |
Statistical Test Dunnett’s Test (Anova)
Group Factor Dunnett’s Test (Anova): v –Statistical Test: Analysis of Variance p<0.05
*-Statistical Test: Dunnett 2 Sided p<0.05
Table 2. Mean body weight females
Body Weight (g) |
|||||||||
Sex: Female |
Day(s) Relative to Start Date |
Day(s) Relative to Mating (L) |
Day(s) Relative to Littering (A) |
||||||
1 |
8 |
15 |
0 |
7v |
14v |
20 |
1vv |
4v |
|
Group 1: control |
181.25 |
200.61 |
207.74 |
231.36 |
272.16 |
301.56 |
365.20 |
283.99 |
301.20 |
Group 2: 100 mg/kg |
180.93 |
197.80 |
208.12 |
226.64 |
269.64 |
303.46 |
376.18 |
290.81 |
302.18 |
Group 3: 300 mg/kg |
180.90 |
194.82 |
204.24 |
224.81 |
254.78 |
289.41 |
356.96 |
271.43 |
284.22 |
Group 4: 1000 mg/kg |
181.33 |
193.29 |
200.78 |
213.67 |
245.74* |
277.59* |
341.34 |
258.20* |
272.58* |
Statistical Test Dunnett’s Test (Anova)
Group Factor Dunnett’s Test (Anova): v –Statistical Test: Analysis of Variance p<0.05
vv- Statistical Test: Analysis of Variance p<0.01
*-Statistical Test: Dunnett 2 Sided p<0.05
Table 3. Mean Biochemical Parameters Males and Females (Albumin and ALAT)
Biochemical Parameters |
|||||
Sex: Male |
Albumin (g/L) |
ALAT (U/L)v |
Sex: Female |
Albumin (g/L) |
ALAT (U/L)vv |
Group 1: control |
31.98 |
38.0 |
Group 1: control |
33.14 |
38.4 |
Group 2: 100 mg/kg |
31.64 |
38.6 |
Group 2: 100 mg/kg |
32.80 |
36.4 |
Group 3: 300 mg/kg |
31.18 |
43.4 |
Group 3: 300 mg/kg |
33.74 |
34.6 |
Group 4: 1000 mg/kg |
30.60** |
63.2** |
Group 4: 1000 mg/kg |
32.18 |
56.2** |
Statistical Test Dunnett’s Test (Anova)
Group Factor Dunnett’s Test (Anova): v –Statistical Test: Analysis of Variance p<0.05
vv- Statistical Test: Analysis of Variance p<0.01
*-Statistical Test: Dunnett 2 Sided p<0.05
**- Statistical Test: Dunnett 2 Sided p<0.01
Table 4.Histopathology Males and Females
Sex |
Male |
Female |
||||||
Group |
Gr.1 |
Gr.2 |
Gr.3 |
Gr.4 |
Gr.1 |
Gr.2 |
Gr.3 |
Gr.4 |
Number of Animals |
5 |
|
|
5 |
5 |
|
|
5 |
Number of Completed Animals |
5 |
|
|
5 |
5 |
|
|
5 |
Lungs |
||||||||
congestion |
0 |
|
|
4* |
2 |
|
|
1 |
Stomach |
||||||||
No abnormalities detected |
5 |
|
|
0 |
5 |
|
|
0 |
Non-glandular; submucosa; acute inflammation -slight -moderate |
0 0 |
|
|
1 1 |
0 0 |
|
|
0 1 |
Non-glandular; squamous cell hyperplasia -slight -moderate -marked |
0 0 0 0 |
|
|
5** 1 3 1 |
0 0 0 0 |
|
|
5** 2 2 1 |
Non-glandular; keratopurulent debris |
0 |
|
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Fisher’s Two-Tailed Exact Test Performed:
*= 5% Significance
**= 1% Significance
Validation report: Validation of an analytical method for the determination of Butanedioic acid, 2 (or 3)-sulfo-, 4-[2-[(1-oxo-(C12 -C18 (even numbered) and C18 unsaturated)alkyl))amino]ethyl]esters disodium salts in test item formulations with subsequent HPLC-UV detection. LPT Study No. 36867.
The aim of this study was to validate a HPLC-UV method for the quantification of Butanedioic acid, 2(or 3)-sulfo-, 4-[2-[(1-oxo(C12-C18 (even numbered) and C18unsaturated)alkyl))amino]ethyl]esters, disodium salts (also referred to as 'act.ingr.') in tap water formulations.
The analytical method applied was validated by LPT with regard to the linearity of the calibration curve as well as accuracy, precision, stability, specificity and sensitivity. The validation results are summarised in the table below.
Table 1. Summary of validation results
Parameter |
Method for the determination of Butanedioic acid, 2(or 3)-sulfo-, 4-[2-[(1-oxo(C12- C18 (even numbered) and C18 unsaturated)alkyl))amino]ethyl]esters, disodium salts in test item formulation samples. |
Linearity |
R2 = 0.9999 (concentration range: 100 to 1000μg/mL) |
Accuracy |
Inaccuracy = 0.64% (mean) |
Precision |
Imprecision Imprecision ≤ 1.04% CV intra-day Imprecision = 0.68% CV inter-day |
Stability |
No apparent degradation of processed samples after 24h storage in the autosampler. No apparent degradation in tap water after 42 days of storage at -20°C.
|
Sensitivity (calculated) |
Lower Limit of Quantification (LLOQ) = 24.55μg/mL Limit of Detection (LOD) = 8.10μg/mL |
Specificity |
No peak interferences at the retention time of Butanedioic acid, 2(or 3)-sulfo-, 4-[2 -[(1-oxo(C12-C18 (even numbered) and C18 unsaturated)alkyl))amino]ethyl]esters, disodium salts in formulation samples at the applied concentrations. |
The results of the validation confirm that the method employed is suitable for the determination and quantification of Butanedioic acid, 2(or 3)-sulfo-, 4-[2-[(1-oxo(C12-C18 (even numbered) and C18 unsaturated)alkyl))amino]ethyl]esters, disodium salts in tap water formulations.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subchronic
- Species:
- rat
- Quality of whole database:
- High quality (Klimisch 1)
- System:
- gastrointestinal tract
- Organ:
- stomach
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Mode of Action Analysis / Human Relevance Framework
The squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis in the non-glandular stomach (forestomach) after 90 days in rats are considered to be due to repeated (sub)chronic irritation, and not relevant for humans for following reasons:
1. Humans do not have non-glandular stomach (forestomach).
2. Hyperplastic findings were only seen at 1 site in these animals, no other tissues are involved.
3. There was a clear dose-response: it was only observed at the highest dose, not at the mid and low dose, so there is a clear threshold.
4. There was complete reversibility: it was NOT observed anymore in the recovery group; all findings were completely reversible.
5. It was only observed at a dose level that irritates (the highest dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/day received 5 mL/kg bw or 200 mg/mL = 20 g/100 mL = 20%; this is above the limit concentration of 10% for non-irritation, so irritating).
6. This high oral exposure volume is not applicable in humans; and humans do not have the same stomach anatomy (no forestomach in humans).
7. Genotoxicity studies are negative (Ames, Micronucleus, Mammalian genotoxicty).
8. It was only observed with gavage dosing. No other routes were tested, but the gavage is giving a bolus dose, which is considered excessive.
Additional information
Subacute toxicity
Studies were available for registered substance.
- A key study for repeated dose toxicity was performed by means of an oral combined repeated dose and reproduction/development screening study according to OECD guideline 422 (Hansen, 2013a). The test item was administered orally by gavage to rats with a liquid formulation containing 41.5% active ingredient at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day for at least 28 days in male rats and at least 39 days in females. No test item-related premature death was noted in any treatment group. No signs of clinical toxicity were noted for the male and female rats of the low and intermediate dose groups (100 and 300 mg/kg bw/day), whereas slightly increased salivation was noted in one male rat at 1000 mg/kg bw/day. No observational and functional neurological findings were seen up to the highest dose group. A slight reduction in body weight was noted for the male and female rats dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day. The laboratory examinations revealed an increased serum ALAT activity for the male and female rats dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day, and a decreased serum albumin concentration for the male rats of the high dose group. No test item-related changes were noted during the macroscopic inspection at autopsy with the exception of changes in the stomach from 2 male animals from the high dose group. Microscopic examination revealed the occurrence of squamous cell hyperplasia in the non-glandular mucosa of the forestomach and acute inflammation in the male and female rats of the high dose group. These changes are considered to be local, and not relevant for humans as humans lack a forestomach. NOAEL for paternal/maternal toxicity was 300 mg/kg bw/day.
- In a supporting 14-day dose-range-finding study (Hansen, 2013b) the dose levels were selected for a combined repeated dose and reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test. 5 Male and 5 female rats were treated once daily with a liquid formulation containing 41.5% active ingredient at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg act.ingr./kg bw/day by oral gavage administration. None of the animals died prematurely. Salivation was noted for 2 of 5 male animals treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day starting on day 9 and increased faeces was noted for 3 of 5 male and 2 of 5 female high dosed animals starting on test day 5. The food consumption of the male and female animals treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day was slightly increased by 9% for the males and by 10% for the females in test week 2. None of the male and female rats treated orally with 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day revealed any test item-related changes in body weight, body weight gain as well as relative and absolute organ weights or at macroscopic inspection at necropsy. Maximum tolerated dose was 1000 mg/kg bw.
Subchronic toxicity
A key 90-day repeated dose toxicity study was conducted with the registered substance Butanedioic acid, 2(or 3)-sulfo-, 4-[2-[(1-oxo(C12-C18 (even numbered) and C18 unsaturated)alkyl)) amino]ethyl]esters, disodium salts (= 'act. ingr.') at dose levels of 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg bw given to rats by daily oral administration via gavage for 90 days, and the reversibility of any effects after a 4-week treatment-free recovery period was studied (Leuschner, 2020).
After the 90-day treatment period, no deaths were noted at any dose level. None of the male and female rats treated orally with 100, 300, or 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed any test item-related changes in behaviour, external appearance, consistency of faeces, body posture, and movement and coordination capabilities. No test item-related effects were noted during the observational screening and the functional tests.
The mean body weight of the male and female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day was slightly reduced by up to 10.7% in females and up to 7.4% in males in comparison to the control group. The body weight gain and the body weight at autopsy of both sexes were reduced accordingly. This effect is considered to be test item-related.
No toxicologically relevant test item-related influence was noted on absolute and relative food consumption. Treatment with 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day led to an increase of the drinking water consumption of the female animals by up to 25.9% in comparison to the control group starting in test week 1. No effect was noted for the corresponding male animals. At the high dose of 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day, both the male and the female animals revealed an increase of the drinking water consumption by up to 64.0% in comparison to the control group starting in test week 1. The increased drinking water consumption is considered a test item-related effect.
No test item-related changes were noted in haematological and coagulation parameters, clinical chemistry, serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and urinalysis.
No test item-related changes were noted in ophtalmological and auditory examination.
At necropsy, one of 10 female animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed test item-related changes in form of a thickened mucosa in the cardia region of the stomach with multiple elevated foci with a diameter of 1 to 3 mm that were partly crater-like. Histopathological correlates were noted at microscopic examination.
No test item-related changes were noted in organ weights.
Histopathological examination restricted to control and high dose group, revealed test item-related local changes in the stomach (non-glandular) of almost all animals treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day in form of squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (10 of 10 males, 9 of 10 females) and submucosal mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate (4 of 10 animals per each sex). Histopathological stomach examination of low and intermediate dose groups revealed no local changes in the stomachs at 100 and 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day.
After the recovery period, none of the animals previously treated with 1000 mg act. ingr./kg bw/day revealed any abnormalities related to the previous treatment during the 4-week recovery period. The body weight of the male and female animals recovered towards the normal range, no noteworthy difference compared to the control group was noted at the end of the recovery period. The drinking water intake of all previously high-dosed animals was in the normal range during the recovery period. The histomorphological examination did not reveal any findings related to the previous test item-treatment, in particular no abnormalities were noted in the stomach.
Under consideration of the observations described above, in particular the reduced body weight and the substantially increased water consumption, the experimental NOAEL was 300 mg act. ingr./kg bw by daily oral administration.
Data were also available for read across substance 'Aspartic acid, N-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-sulfopropyl)-N-(C16-C18 (even numbered), C18unsaturated alkyl) tetrasodium salts'. Justification for read across within the category of N-containing sulphosuccinates (N2 and N3 subcategories) is documented in a separate document attached in Section 13.
- A supporting 14-day dose-range-finding was conducted with test item containing 34.4% active ingredient (Hansen, 2013c). Male and female rats were treated orally with 100, 300 or 1000 mg act. ing. /kg bw/day. No rats died prematurely nor revealed any test item-related changes in behaviour, external appearance or faeces. No changes in body weight and body weight gain, food and drinking water consumption or for relative and absolute organ weights were noted at any of the tested dose levels. Macroscopic examination revealed no test item-related changes at any of the tested dose levels. Maximum tolerated dose was 1000 mg/kg bw.
- In a supporting subchronic repeated dose toxicity study, 160 Sprague-Dawley albino rats, 80 of each sex, were fed a control diet, or 0.50, 2.00 or 8.00 g/kg /day of test item mixed in the diet (Tegeris and Underwood, 1976a). The liquid test item contained 35.8% active ingredient, which was taken into account for the dosages. The high dose was reduced to 4.00 g/kg/day mixed in the diet for weeks five through to termination. The study showed decreased body weight gain, feed consumption and food efficiency at the mid dose and high dose levels and increased SGOT and SGPT at the high dose. Further hematuria was seen in the mid and high dose rats, various organ weights were decreased (e.g. decrease in adrenal and gonadal weight in high dose groups; decrease in pituitary weight in females of high dose group) and lower urinary tract pathology was seen in 2 high dosed rats. It thus appeared that the NOEL in the rat was below 0.50 g/kg/day, however 0.5 g (500 mg) act.ingr./kg bw/day can be considered as NOAEL.
- In another subchronic repeated dose toxicity study, test item containing 35.8% active ingredient was given in the diet to purebred beagle dogs for ninety days (Tegeris and Underwood, 1976b). Thirty-two purebred beagle dogs, sixteen of each sex, with an average age of three to four months, were fed the control diet or 0.062, 0.250 or 1.000 g act.ingr. /kg bw/day thoroughly mixed in the diet. The dogs were carefully observed for the duration of the experiment and several hematological and biochemical parameters were conducted while the experiment was in progress. At the conclusion of the experiment all dogs were necropsied and all organs and tissues were examined histologically. These studies have shown that the test substance interfered with the average daily feed consumption of the mid-dose female and high dose test dogs and decreased the rate of bodyweight gain of the high dose test dogs when fed to them under the conditions of this experiment. Otherwise it was harmless up to 1 g/kg bw/day; a NOAEL of 0.250 g/kg bw/day can be considered.
Conclusion
- The NOAEL of 300 mg/kg bw in the oral subchronic OECD 408 study with registered substance was considered as the most conservative value, therefore this was selected as the descriptor for DNEL calculations.
- Further information supporting the safety of the test substance is provided by the subacute toxicity with same NOAEL and the read across justification for the N2 and N3 subgroups, showing that all substances in these sulfosuccinates subgroups had similar to higher NOAELs (justification with data matrix separately attached in Section 13).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on these results and according to the CLP Guidance (No. 1272/2008 of 16 December 2008), the test substance does not have to be classified and has no obligatory labelling requirement for repeated dose toxicity.
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