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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 629-725-6 | CAS number: 1226892-45-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 9.87 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 741 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
An OECD 422 combined 28-day/reproduction screening study resulted to an overall NOAEL of 300 mg/kg/day being the highest dose level tested. The corrected 8 hr inhalation NOAEC for workers is NOAEL(300 mg/kg) * 1.76 mg/m3 = 529 mg/m3. Further correction of 7 d/wk study design to a 5 d/wk worker exposure results to a corrected NAOEC of 741 mg/m3.
No factor 2 route extrapolation from oral to inhalation. The substance is viscous at room temperature with bp > 300°C and a low vapour pressure (< 1.7 x 10-7 Pa, at 25°C, based on FA+DETA considered to have the highest vp among the AAI). Exposure via inhalation may only possible as aerosol if the viscous material is diluted to aqueous solutions. However, in such a case only large droplets need to be considered, as the supported use does not include fine spraying. Such big droplets will deposit mainly on upper airways and will be subsequently swallowed following mucociliary transportation to pharynx. This results to no principal difference in absorption compared oral route.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- ECHA default for sub-acute to chronic. Conservative approach as it concerns an exposure duration around 45 days in an OECD 422 rather than a 28-day.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Already included in NOAEC calculation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data are derived from recent, high quality and valid studies showing consistent results within category.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.4 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 420 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
An OECD 422 combined 28-day/reproduction screening study resulted to an overall NOAEL of 300 mg/kg/day being the highest dose level tested. The 8 hr dermal NOAEL for workers involves correction of 7 d/wk study design to a 5 d/wk worker exposure results to a corrected NAOEC of 420 mg/kg bw/d.
This extrapolation from oral NOAEL represents a worst case situation, as dermal absorption is considered to be lower compared to oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- ECHA default for sub-acute to chronic. Conservative approach as it concerns exposure duration around 45 days in an OECD 422 rather than a 28-day.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default allometric scaling rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default. Conservative approach as the effects for which the risk assessment is made is based on a local response with expected inherently relative low variation between individuals.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data are derived from recent, high quality and valid studies showing consistent results within category.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Workers - Inhalation route:
Use of the substance is limited to industrial and professional users. The likelihood of exposure via inhalation is low considering its high boiling point (> 300 °C) and very low vapour pressure (1.7 x 10-7 Pa at 25°C) and use applications that do not involve the forming of aerosols, particles or droplets of an inhalable size.
Workers - Dermal route:
No threshold effect: Substance is corrosive and sensitising. Effects following dermal exposures will be characterized by local corrosive and possible sensitising effects that are related to duration, quantity and concentration of the substance, rather than by systemic toxicity due to dermal uptake. Specifically as acute oral toxicity is low.
For corrosive and sensitising substances, the use of protective gloves and other equipment, such as face shields, aprons and good work practices are mandatory. As a result, direct dermal contact occurs only occasionally. Therefore, repeated substantial daily dermal exposure is unlikely. (For properly labelled corrosives, the emphasis in the CSR and ES should be on the presentation of adequate risk management measures, rather than on the assessment of the risks from dermal exposure.)
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.74 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 261 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
An OECD 422 combined 28-day/reproduction screening study resulted to an overall NOAEL of 300 mg/kg/day being the highest dose level tested. The corrected 24 hr inhalation NOAEC for general population following route-to-route extrapolation is NOAEL * 1/1.15 mg/m3 = 261 mg/m3.
No factor 2 route extrapolation from oral to inhalation. The substance is viscous at room temperature with bp > 300°C and a low vapour pressure (< 1.7 x 10-7 Pa, at 25°C, based on FA+DETA considered to have the highest vp among the AAI). Exposure via inhalation may only possible as aerosol if the viscous material is diluted to aqueous solutions. However, in such a case only large droplets need to be considered, as the supported use does not include fine spraying. Such big droplets will deposit mainly on upper airways and will be subsequently swallowed following mucociliary transportation to pharynx. This results to no principal difference in absorption compared oral route.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- ECHA default for sub-acute to chronic. Conservative approach as it concerns an exposure duration of 45 days in an OECD 422 rather than a 28-day.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Already included in NOAEC calculation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data are derived from recent, high quality and valid studies showing consistent results within category.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Extrapolation from oral NOAEL represents a worst case situation, as dermal absorption is considered to be lower compared to oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- ECHA default for sub-acute to chronic. Conservative approach as it concerns an exposure duration around 45 days in an OECD 422 rather than a 28-day.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default allometric scaling rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data are derived from recent, high quality and valid studies showing consistent results within category
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
As study is based on oral dosing, no route-to-route extrapolation is needed.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- ECHA default for sub-acute to chronic. Conservative approach as it concerns an exposure duration around 45 days in an OECD 422 rather than a 28-day.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default allometric scaling for rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data are derived from recent, high quality and valid studies showing consistent results within category.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
These substances are only applied in professional or industrial setting in oilfield and mining applications applying adequate PPE. Use results to the inclusion into or onto a matrix. Consequently, consumers/general population will not be exposed.
In order to be able to evaluate possible secondary exposures via environment, additionally long-term systemic DNELs for general population have been derived. (Assessment of indirect exposure is not needed as the tonnage is not above 1000 tpa, and the substance not is classified as CMR or toxic (R48 or STOT-RE).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.