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EC number: 413-010-9 | CAS number: 6613-44-1 DMBC
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 3 September 1992 - 1 October 1992
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted to GLP in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of the relevant results.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
- Report date:
- 1993
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.6 (Degradation: Chemical Oxygen Demand)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride
- EC Number:
- 413-010-9
- EC Name:
- 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride
- Cas Number:
- 6613-44-1
- Molecular formula:
- C9H9ClO
- IUPAC Name:
- 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride
- Details on test material:
- DMBC
Appearance: clear liquid
Storage conditions: in darkness at room temperature
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): The aeration stage of the HRC sewage treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage.
A sample of activated sewage sludge was collected from the sewage treatment farm on 3 September 1992. The sample was allowed to settle for approximately 30 minutes and the supernatant filtered through Whatman GFA coarse filter paper (first 200 mL discarded). The filtrate was maintained under aeration and used within 24 hours of collection. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- PREPARATION
The test and standard substances were dispersed directly in nutrient medium (see below) without the aid of auxiliary solvents or dispersing agents to give the following series:
a) Non-inoculated nutrient medium.
b) Inoculated nutrient medium.
c) 2 mg/L test substance.
d) 3 mg/L sodium benzoate.
e) 2 mg/L test substance plus 3 mg/L sodium benzoate.
Inoculation of the stock nutrient medium with activated sewage sludge filtrate (at the rate of 1 drop of inoculum per litre) was performed after preparation of series (a) and immediately prior to preparation of series (b), (c), (d) and (e).
STANDARD NUTRIENT MEDIUM
g/L
Solution 1
KH2PO4 8.5
K2HPO4 21.75
Na2HPO4.2H2O 33.3
NH4Cl 1.7
Solution 2
MgSO4.7H2O 22.5
Solution 3
CaCl2 27.5
Solution4
FeCl3.6H2O 0.25
1 mL each of solutions 1 - 4 were added to each litre of aerated reverse osmosis purified and deionised water. The nutrient medium was left at room temperature (approximately 20 °C), under gentle agitation, for approximately 24 hours prior to use.
PROCEDURE
Biochemical Oxygen Demand bottles (280 mL) of darkened glass and fitted with ground glass stoppers were filled by siphon and firmly stoppered to exclude all air bubbles. Sufficient bottles were prepared in each test and control series to allow a single oxygen determination per bottle to be made at 0, 5, 15 and 28 days (duplicate bottles at each sampling time). Sufficient bottles for series (e) were prepared to provide information on inhibitory effects on Days 0 and 28 only.
The bottles were incubated in a water bath at 20 ± 1 °C until removed for measurement of dissolved oxygen concentration by means of a Yellow Springs BOD Meter (Model 59)
EVALUATION OF DATA
Percent biodegradation is determined by comparing the oxygen depletion value with the corresponding Theoretical Oxygen Demand (see below).
The test substance is considered to have had an inhibitory effect on the bacteria if the oxygen demand in series (e) is appreciably less than the sum of oxygen demands in series (c) and (d) at 28 days (i.e. greater than 20 % inhibition).
THEORETICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (ThOD)
The theoretical oxygen demand may be calculated from:
1) Sodium benzoate. C6H6COONa. Mol.wt. = 144
ThOD = [16(14 + 2.5 + 0.5 - 2)] / 144 = 1.67 mgO2/mg
Estimated oxygen depletion for 3 mg/L = 5.01 mgO2/L
2) DMBC. C9H9OCl. Mol.wt. = 168.6
ThOD = [16(18 + 4 - 1)] / 168.6 = 1.99 mgO2/mg
Estimated oxygen depletion for 2 mg/L = 3.99 mgO2/L
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
Results and discussion
- Test performance:
- Oxygen depletions in the inoculated and non-inoculated control series were within the prescribed limits:
Non-inoculated control: ≤ 0.3 mgO2/L after 5 days
≤ 0.4 mgO2/L after 28 days
Inoculated control: ≤ 0.5 mgO2/L after 5 days
≤ 0.6 mgO2/L after 28 days
% Degradation
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 80
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Dissolved oxygen measurements for the test substance and standard substance solutions and the inoculated and non-inoculated blank controls at 0, 5, 15 and 28 days are given in Table 1. Mean oxygen depletion values and percent biodegradation values (% of ThOD NO3) are given in Table 2.
DMBC attained 80 % biodegradation within 28 days. The "pass" level of 60 % was reached within 10 days of exceeding the 10 % level and, consequently, the test substance may be termed as readily biodegradable.
Cultures containing both test and standard substances combined showed an oxygen depletion value 16 % higher than that anticipated on the basis of results from separate cultures. Consequently DMBC is not considered to have had an inhibitory effect on sewage bacteria under the conditions of this test.
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- Sodium benzoate attained 71 % biodegradation within 28 days.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1 Dissolved Oxygen Measurement
Culture Medium |
Replicate |
Day |
|||
0 |
5 |
15 |
28 |
||
(a) Nutrient medium without inoculum |
R1 R2 Mean |
8.90 8.90 8.900 |
8.72 8.68 8.700 |
8.68 8.59 8.635 |
8.50 8.56 8.530 |
(b) Nutrient medium with inoculum |
R1 R2 Mean |
8.90 8.90 8.900 |
8.65 8.55 8.600 |
8.51 8.54 8.525 |
8.48 8.32 8.400 |
(c) Test substance (2 mg/L) |
R1 R2 Mean |
8.90 8.90 8.900 |
7.91 7.83 7.870 |
5.86 5.72 5.790 |
4.93 5.46 5.195 |
(d) Standard substance (3 mg/L) Sodium benzoate |
R1 R2 Mean |
8.90 8.90 8.900 |
5.37 5.51 5.440 |
4.86 4.88 4.870 |
4.86 4.48 4.850 |
(e) Test substance (2 mg/L) plus standard substance (3 mg/L) |
R1 R2 Mean |
8.90 8.90 8.900 |
n/a n/a n/a |
n/a n/a n/a |
0.62 0.52 0.570 |
Table 2 Mean Oxygen Depletion and Percentage Biodegradation Values
Culture Medium |
Day |
|||
5 |
15 |
28 |
||
(a) Nutrient medium without inoculum |
O2 Depletion (mgO2/L) |
0.200 |
0.265 |
0.370 |
(b) Nutrient medium with inoculum |
O2 Depletion (mgO2/L) |
0.300 |
0.375 |
0.500 |
(c) Test substance (2 mg/L) |
O2 Depletion (mgO2/L) % Degradation |
0.730 18 |
2.735 69 |
3.205 80 |
(d) Standard substance (3 mg/L) Sodium benzoate |
O2 Depletion (mgO2/L) % Degradation |
3.160 63 |
3.655 73 |
3.550 71 |
(e) Test substance (2 mg/L) plus standard substance (3 mg/L) |
O2 Depletion (mgO2/L) |
n/a |
n/a |
7.830 |
(i) Test and standard substances
Oxygen depletion = (a - c or d) - (a - b) from Table 1
(ii) Inoculated and non-inoculated nutrient medium
Oxygen depletion = initial O2 concentration - measured value
(iii) Inhibition check (test substance plus sodium benzoate)
Oxygen depletion = (a - e) - (a - b
(iv) % Degradation = (Oxygen depletion / (conc. of substance x ThOD NO3)) x 100
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- DMBC may be termed as readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the ready biodegradability of DMBC in accordance with OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 301D and EEC Methods for the Determination of Ecotoxicity, EEC Directive 67/548 Annex V Part C.6 (841449/EEC).
Sealed bottles containing the test substance and inorganic nutrient medium were inoculated with activated sewage sludge bacteria and incubated for up to 28 days at 20 ± 1 °C. On Days 0, 5, 15 and 28 duplicate bottles were taken and dissolved oxygen measurements were performed electrochemically. Percentage biodegradation values were calculated by comparing the extent of oxygen depletion with the Theoretical Oxygen Demand (3.99 mgO2/L). Additional bottles, containing both the test substance and a readily biodegradable standard substance were prepared in order to provide additional information on the inhibitory effect of the test substance.
DMBC attained 80 % biodegradation after 28 days. The pass level of 60 % was achieved within 10 days of passing the 10% level. DMBC was not found to be inhibitory to activated sewage sludge bacteria under the conditions of this test.
Therefore, DMBC may be termed as readily biodegradable.
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