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Physical & Chemical properties

Density

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Endpoint:
density, other
Remarks:
density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP status not known, guideline not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Type of method:
other: Method not known
Type:
density
Density:
0.545 g/cm³
Temp.:
-89 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Liquid ethane
Conclusions:
The density of liquid ethane at -89˚C is 0.545 g.cm-3.
Executive summary:

No information on the primary source of the data or the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. Most up to date source at the time.

Endpoint:
relative density
Remarks:
density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Up to 2008
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Type of method:
other: Not reported
Type:
relative density
Density:
0.59 g/cm³
Temp.:
25 °C
Conclusions:
The density of but-1-ene is 0.588 g/cm3 at 25ºC.
Executive summary:

No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The density of but-1 -ene is 0.588 g/cm3 at 25ºC.

Endpoint:
relative density
Remarks:
density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Up to 2008
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Type of method:
other: Not reported
Type:
relative density
Density:
0.59 g/cm³
Temp.:
25 °C
Conclusions:
The density of 2-methylpropene is 0.59 g/cm3 at 25ºC.
Executive summary:

No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The density of 2 -methylpropene is 0.59 g/cm3 at 25ºC.

Endpoint:
density, other
Remarks:
density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Remarks:
No data reported
Type of method:
other: No data reported
Type:
density
Density:
0.589 g/cm³
Temp.:
25 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Pressure >1 atm
Conclusions:
The density of isobutane is 0.589g/cm3 at 25°C.
Executive summary:

The density of isobutane is 0.589g/cm3 at 25˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Endpoint:
density, other
Remarks:
density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Remarks:
No data reported
Type of method:
other: No data reported
Type:
density
Density:
0.57 g/cm³
Temp.:
25 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Pressure >1 atm
Conclusions:
The density of butane is 0.573 g/cm3 at 25°C.
Executive summary:

The density of butane is 0.573 g/cm3 at 25˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Endpoint:
density, other
Remarks:
density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Remarks:
No data reported
Type of method:
other: No data reported
Type:
density
Density:
0.423 g/cm³
Temp.:
-162 °C
Conclusions:
The density of methane is 0.423g/cm3 at -162°C.
Executive summary:

The density of methane is 0.423g/cm3 at -162°C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Endpoint:
density, other
Remarks:
density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Remarks:
No data reported
Type of method:
other: No data reported
Type:
density
Density:
0.493 g/cm³
Temp.:
25 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Pressure >1 atm
Conclusions:
The density of propane is 0.493g/cm3 at 25°C.
Executive summary:

The density of propane is 0.493g/cm3 at 25˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Endpoint:
relative density
Remarks:
density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP status not known, guideline not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Remarks:
No data reported
Type of method:
other: No data reported
Type:
relative density
Density:
0.615 g/cm³
Temp.:
25 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Pressure >1 atm

No further details provided

Conclusions:
The density of 1,3-butadiene is 0.6149 g/cm3 at 25°C.
Executive summary:

The density of 1,3-butadiene is 0.6149 g/cm3 at 25ºC. No information on the primary source of this data or the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint

Endpoint:
relative density
Remarks:
Other density types indicated: density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
up to 2006
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP status not known, guideline not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions
Guideline:
other: Not specified
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the Merck Index states that physical data are cited as found in the literature. When several alternate data values appear in the literature, the data is evaluated and representative selections are made; values are then reported with the corresponding source. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Type of method:
other: No data reported
Key result
Type:
density
Remarks:
at 760 mm Hg
Density:
1.26 g/L
Temp.:
0 °C
Key result
Type:
relative density
Density:
ca. 0.98 other: Relative density is a ratio
Temp.:
20 °C
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Relative density is a ratio

One litre of ethylene gas at 760 mmHg and 0°C weighs 1.260g.

Conclusions:
The relative vapour density of the test subtance is 0.978.
The density of the test substance is 1.260 g/L at temperature of 0°C and pressure of 760 mmHg.
Executive summary:

The relative vapour density of the test subtance is 0.978. No information on the primary source of this data or the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint.

Endpoint:
relative density
Remarks:
density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Up to 2008
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Type of method:
other: Not reported
Type:
relative density
Density:
0.59 - 0.62 g/cm³
Temp.:
20 °C

Temperature not stated, assumed to be standard

Conclusions:
The density of 2-butene ranges from 0.588 - 0.616 g/cm3 at 20ºC.
Executive summary:

No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, as this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook it can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The density of 2-butene ranges from 0.555 - 0.616 g/cm3 at 20ºC.

Endpoint:
relative density
Remarks:
density
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Up to 2008
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Type of method:
other: Not reported
Type:
relative density
Density:
0.56 - 0.62 g/cm³
Temp.:
20 °C

Temperature not stated, so assumed to be standard

Conclusions:
The density of butene ranges from 0.555 - 0.616 g/cm3 at 20ºC.
Executive summary:

No information on the methods used. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The density of butene ranges from 0.555 - 0.616 g/cm3 at 20ºC.

Description of key information

The density of the substances in the category ranges from 0.423 g/cm3 to 0.62 g/cm3.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Relative density at 20C:
0.598

Additional information

Data from the CRC handbook (Lide 2008) were available for the substances methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, 2-methylpropane (isobutane), 2-methylpropene, butane, butene, 1-butene, 2-butene, and 1,3-butadiene. Data are also available from the Merck handbook (O’Neill 2006) for methane, ethane, ethylene, propane and butane. The information is taken from reliable peer reviewed handbooks and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint.

The density of methane is 0.423g/cm3 at -162°C, ethane is 0.545 g/cm3 at -89˚C, ethylene is 1.290 g/L at 0°C and 760 mm Hg pressure, propane is 0.493 g/cm3 at 25°C, 2 -methylpropane is 0.589g/cm3 at 25°C, 2 -Methylpropene is 0.59g/cm3 at 25ºC, butane is 0.573 g/cm3 at 25°C, Butene is 0.56 to 0.62g/cm3 at 20ºC; 1 -Butene is 0.588g/cm3 at 25ºC; 2-Butene is 0.588g/cm3(cis) and 0.616g/cm3 (trans) at 20ºC; 1,3 -Butadiene is 0.6149g/cm3 at 25ºC.

The data available for these substances can be read across to other members of the category. The mean of the density values for the category is 0.598 at 25°C and this has been used to complete the 'key value for chemical safety assessment'. This value may change for streams that do not contain 1,3 -butadiene.