Pentyl phenylacetate

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

Data is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 and QMRF report has been attached

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: estimated data

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction was done by using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of the test material: pentyl 2-phenylacetate
- IUPAC name: pentyl 2-phenylacetate
- Molecular formula: C13H18O2
- Molecular weight: 206.283 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Smiles: C(=O)(Cc1ccccc1)OCCCCC
- Physical State: Liquid

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

24.508 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: No other detailes available

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: LC50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 7 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" )  and ("e" and ( not "f") )  )  and ("g" and ( not "h") )  )  and ("i" and ( not "j") )  )  and "k" )  and "l" )  and ("m" and "n" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Michael addition AND Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals AND Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters by Acute aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinones OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release >> Specific Acetate Esters OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR AN2 >> Thioacylation via nucleophilic addition after cysteine-mediated thioketene formation OR AN2 >> Thioacylation via nucleophilic addition after cysteine-mediated thioketene formation >> Haloalkenes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups OR Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> DNA Intercalators with Carboxamide Side Chain OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones OR Radical OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Quinones OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation OR SN2 >> Acylation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Haloalkenes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom >> Sulfonates and Sulfates OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation >> Alkylphosphates, Alkylthiophosphates and Alkylphosphonates OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Specific Acetate Esters by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Azlactones and unsaturated lactone derivatives  OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides OR Acylation >> Ring opening acylation OR Acylation >> Ring opening acylation >> Active cyclic agents  OR Michael Addition OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group >> alpha,beta-Carbonyl compounds with polarized double bonds  OR Nucleophilic addition OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds >> Ketones OR Schiff base formation OR Schiff base formation >> Schiff base formation with carbonyl compounds OR Schiff base formation >> Schiff base formation with carbonyl compounds >> Aldehydes OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom >> Alkyl halides  OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom >> alpha-Activated haloalkanes  OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution on benzilyc carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution on benzilyc carbon atom >> alpha-Activated benzyls  OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom >> Activated alkyl esters and thioesters  by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify according to these rules (GSH) by Protein binding potency

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Highly reactive (GSH) OR Highly reactive (GSH) >> Miscellaneous Alkyl 2-halo alkenoates (SN2) by Protein binding potency

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Low (Class I) by Toxic hazard classification by Cramer (original) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Class 3 (unspecific reactivity) by Acute aquatic toxicity classification by Verhaar (Modified) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 0.225

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 5.48

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

LC 50 value of test chemical pentyl 2-phenylacetate was estimated to be 24.50 mg/L when test chemical was exposed to Danio rerio for 96 hrs.

Executive summary:

Short term toxicity of test chemical pentyl 2-phenylacetate (CAS no. 5137 -52 -0)  was estimated by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 with log Kow as primary descriptor and considering the seven closest read across substances. When test chemical was exposed for 96 hrs on Danio rerio fish, LC50 value was estimated to be 24.50 mg/L.

This LC50 value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable in water thus it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as toxic asper the CLP classification criteria. 

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish:

Short term toxicity of test chemicalpentyl 2-phenylacetate(CAS no. 5137 -52 -0)  was estimated by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 with log Kow as primary descriptor and considering the seven closest read across substances. When test chemical was exposed for 96 hrs on Danio rerio fish, LC50 value was estimated to be 24.50 mg/L.

This LC50 value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable in water thus it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as toxic asper the CLP classification criteria. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

24.5 mg/L

Additional information

Short term toxicity to fish:

Short term toxicity of test chemical pentyl 2-phenylacetate (CAS no. 5137 -52 -0)  was estimated by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 with log Kow as primary descriptor and considering the seven closest read across substances. When test chemical was exposed for 96 hrs on Danio rerio fish, LC50 value was estimated to be 24.50 mg/L.

This LC50 value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable in water thus it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as toxic asper the CLP classification criteria. 

The above prediction was supported by experimental data conducted by Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB (UERL) for the structurally similar read across substance Benzyl Propionate (5137-52-0).

Fish Acute Toxicity test according to OECD Guideline 203 was conducted for Benzyl Propionate. The nominal concentration selected for the experiment were and test fish were exposed to 6.25 mg/L, 12.5 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L & 100 mg/L concentrations for 96 hours. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for Benzyl Propionate on Danio rerio in a 96 hours study on the basis of mortality effect was found to be >12.5 mg/L. Thus, on the basis

of this LC50 value and according to CLP criteria for aquatic classification of the substance, it is concluded

that the substance, is classified under aquatic chronic 3 category Benzyl Propionate (CAS No. 122 -63 -4) exhibits short term toxicityto fish.LC0 (96 hours) (highest loading at which no mortality was observed) = 12.5 mg/L LC50 (96 hours) Experimental = >12.5 mg/L

This LC50 value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable in water thus it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as toxic asper the CLP classification criteria. 

The above experimental report was further supported by experimental result summarized In experimental study from peer reviewed journal (U.S.Fish.Wildl.Serv., Sp.Sci.Rep.- Fish.No.471, Washington, D.C.: 124 p., 1963)Short term toxicity study to Cyprinus carpio was carried out for 44 hrs.

Test was performed under flow through conditions.After exposure of test animal to different dose conc. i.e, at 68, 130 and 146 mg/l of test chemical benzyl acetate, no effects were observed on the test animal. Thus, the NOEC value was consider to be 146 mg/l respectively.

On the basis of estimation by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 with log Kow as primary descriptor and considering the seven closest read across substances and the experimental data summarized for structurally similar read across substance, pentyl 2-phenylacetate (CAS no. 5137 -52 -0) can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as toxic asper the CLP classification criteria.