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EC number: 220-864-4 | CAS number: 2921-88-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- amphibian Xenopus laevis, juvenile: (sub)lethal effects
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD TG 231 (The Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program Test Guidelines OPPTS 890.1100: Amphibian Metamorphosis (Frog). EPA 740-C-09-002
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chlorpyrifos
- EC Number:
- 220-864-4
- EC Name:
- Chlorpyrifos
- Cas Number:
- 2921-88-2
- Molecular formula:
- C9H11Cl3NO3PS
- IUPAC Name:
- O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl phosphorothioate
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Substance ID: TSN101285
Lot Number: KC28161419
Purity: 99.8%
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- acetone or dimethylformamide (DMF)
Test organisms
- Aquatic vertebrate type:
- frog
- Test organisms (species):
- Xenopus laevis
Study design
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 54-70 mg/L as CaCO3 in the control water and 46-78 mg/L as CaCO3 in the highest treatment level
- Test temperature:
- 21.4-22.6°C
- pH:
- 7.0-7.6
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.0-8.4 mg/L (remained ≥40 % air saturation)
- Conductivity:
- 184.5-199.8 μmhos/cm in the control water and 174.9-196.6 μmhos/cm in the highest treatment level.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0 (water control), 0 (solvent control) 0.3, 1.25, 5.00, and 20.0 μg/L
Measured:- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.881 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Based on reduced cholinesterase activity in tail and hind limb tissues and reductions in tadpole growth
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.68 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Based on reduced cholinesterase activity in tail and hind limb tissues and reductions in tadpole growth
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- NOEC (Frog): 0.881 μg/L
LOEC (Frog): 3.68 μg/L - Executive summary:
This study was conducted to ascertain whether or not the test substance has thyroid activity in the amphibian metamorphosis assay (AMA) in Xenopus laevis, following OECD guideline 231 and EPA OPPTS 890.1100.
The tadpoles were exposed for 21 days under flow-through conditions at nominal concentrations of 0.3, 1.25, 5.0, 20.0 µg/L. The measured concentrations were 0.215, 0.881, 3.68, and 13.6 μg/L. Water control and solvent control were included along with the test concentrations.
Throughout the entire exposure period, five tadpole mortalities were noted: one in the solvent control, one in the 0.215 μg/L treatment, one in the 0.881 μg/L treatment, and two in 13.6 μg/L test substance treatment (one of which was due to a handling error and was not counted as a mortality in the statistical analysis), indicating that concentrations of test substance used in the present study were not lethal to X. laevis tadpoles over the course of the exposure. Signs of generalized toxicity were apparent at day 7 and day 21. At day 7, there was a significant reduction in tadpole snout-vent length in the 13.6 μg/L test substance treatment compared to controls. By day 21, snout-vent length, wet weight, developmental stage and normalized hind limb length were all significantly reduced in the 13.6 μg/L treatment compared to controls, and snout-vent length and weight were also significantly reduced in the 3.68 μg/L treatment compared to controls. Additionally at day 21, tadpoles exposed to either 3.68 or 13.6 μg/L had significantly reduced cholinesterase activity in both the tail and hind limb tissues compared to controls. However, histopathological investigation of the hind limb and tail tissues of exposed tadpoles revealed no significant histopathological findings relative to controls despite reduced cholinesterase activity at the two higher treatment levels. Finally, compared to thyroid glands from controls, there were no treatment-related histopathological effects observed in the thyroid glands from test substance exposed tadpoles. Because there were no signs of advanced development (as measured by increased developmental stage and hind limb length) or asynchronous development among test substance exposed tadpoles relative to control tadpoles on either day 7 or day 21 of the exposure, and since there were no significant histopathological effects observed among thyroid glands from test substance-exposed tadpoles, test substance was considered “likely thyroid inactive” in the amphibian metamorphosis assay. The No-Observable-Effect Concentration in this study was 0.881 μg/L based on both reduced cholinesterase activity in tail and hind limb tissues and reductions in tadpole growth. The Low-Observable-Effect Concentration in this study was 3.68 μg/L based on both reduced cholinesterase activity in tail and hind limb tissues and reductions in tadpole growth.
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