Xylene

Flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2008

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP status not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

N/A

Key result

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

0.8 % (not further specified)

Key result

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

6.7 % (not further specified)

N/A

Interpretation of results:

extremely flammable

Remarks:

vapour

Conclusions:

The explosion limits of ethylbenzene are 0.8-6.7%

Executive summary:

No information on the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Up to 2008

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP status not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

N/A

Key result

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

1.1 % (not further specified)

Key result

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

7 % (not further specified)

N/A

Interpretation of results:

extremely flammable

Remarks:

vapour

Conclusions:

The explosion limits of m-xylene are 1.1-7%.

Executive summary:

No information on the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Up to 2008

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP status not known, guideline not known, information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

N/A

Key result

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

0.9 % (not further specified)

Key result

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

6.7 % (not further specified)

N/A

Interpretation of results:

extremely flammable

Remarks:

vapour

Conclusions:

The lower and upper explosive limits of o-xylene are 0.9-6.7% by volume.

Executive summary:

No information on the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Up to 2008

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP status not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

N/A

Key result

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

1.1 % (not further specified)

Key result

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

7 % (not further specified)

N/A

Interpretation of results:

extremely flammable

Remarks:

vapour

Conclusions:

The explosion limits of p-xylene are 1.1-7%.

Executive summary:

No information on the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Description of key information

The lower and upper explosion limits of m xylene are 1.1-7%, o xylene are 0.9-6.7%, p xylene are 1.1-7%, and ethylbenzene are 0.8 - 6.7%

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:

flammable

Additional information

The CRC Handbook (Lide, 2008) is a peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Justification for classification or non-classification

The flammability of liquids is determined on the basis of their flashpoint (in combination with their boiling point), their ability to emit flammable gases upon contact with water and their pyrophoricity. The molecular structure of these streams do not contain any groups that indicate potential reactivity with water or pyrophoric properties and handling of the substance indicates that this is the case. The lowest flashpoint indicates that the members of this category would be considered as Category 2 flammable liquid with the hazard statement 'highly flammable liquid and vapour' under the CLP Regulation.