Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 210-519-6 | CAS number: 617-52-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
DMI will be readily absorbed over biological membranes by passive diffusion. This absorption may be enhanced by irritating properties of DMI and altered by ester hydrolysis. DMI will be distributed uniformly throughout the body water in the extracellular compartment. DMI distribution may be limited by skin protein binding. In addition of ester hydrolysis, DMI may induce phase 2 metabolic enzymes. Excretion via urine is the most likely route of excretion for DMI and its metabolites.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- no bioaccumulation potential
Additional information
Absorption
It is expected that slight lipophilic Dimethyl itaconate (DMI) with a partition coefficient Log P of 0.9 (25 °C), a low molecular weight (158.2 g/mol), no ionisable groups and a high water solubility of 35 g/L (20° C) will be readily absorbed over biological membranes first of all by passive diffusion (alveolar, capillary membranes, etc.). In addition, DMI may pass through aqueous pores or be carried through the epithelial barrier by the bulk passage of water. Absorption of DMI may be enhanced as well because of irritating properties (CLP, Category 2) leading to damage to cell membranes. In skin sensitization study (LLNA), DMI was identified as potential skin sensitizer (CLP, Category 1, sub-category 1B); therefore some dermal uptake is possible. However, pH independent DMI for gastrointestinal tract absorption may undergo ester hydrolysis by carboxylesterases to form ionisable (di)carboxylic acid (Smeets and Kieboom, 1992) and so alter the oral bioavailability.
Liquid DMI with the vapour pressure of 4.05 Pa (at 20 °C) and the boiling point of 208 °C (at 1 atm) is considered as a low volatile substance (ECHA Chapter R.14) and has a low potential for intake by inhalation in vapour form. Liquid aerosol building of DMI is not expected, but in the worst case, considering its Log P of 0.9 (25 °C), the compound has a potential to be absorbed directly across the respiratory tract epithelium.
Distribution
Regarding physico-chemical properties of DMI and its hydrolysed forms, it may be expected that the compound and its metabolites will be distributed uniformly throughout the body water in the extracellular compartment with relatively small volume of distribution (Vd). From skin sensitization study (LLNA), where DMI was identified as potential skin sensitizer (CLP, Category 1, sub-category 1B), it may be expected that DMI will bind to skin proteins and limit the amount of the substance available for distribution.
Metabolism
DMI is a relatively potent inducer of phase 2 metabolic enzymes (Talalay et al., 1988) and is susceptible to ester hydrolysis by carboxylesterases (Smeets and Kieboom, 1992). The later reaction is expected to increase the water solubility of the substance and thereby enhances excretion (via the urine).
Excretion
Since DMI is a high water soluble substance with low molecular weight and a probability to be hydrolysed into (di)carboxylic acid (which is almost ionised at the pH of urine), excretion via urine is expected rather than excretion via faeces. As unchanged DMI may be present in blood plasma, excretion via breast milk could be minor but likely route.
References:
Smeets JWH, Kieboom APG (1992) Enzymatic enantioselective ester hydrolysis by carboxylesterase NP. Recl. Tray. Chim. Pays-Bas 38: 490-495.
Talalay P, DeLong M and Prochaska HJ (1988) Identification of a common chemical signal regulating the induction of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85: 8261-8265.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.