Butane-1,3-diol

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

n/a

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: control and 1000 mg/L at test start and after 48 h of exposure
- Sampling method: 1.5 mL taken from each test vessel
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: analysis performed on day of sampling

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: addition of an aqueous solution of the test substance (10.0 wt.%) to dilution water
- Differential loading: limit test
- Controls: negative control: dilution water
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): not used
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): not used
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: waterflea
- Source: laboratory culture, original source: National Environmental Research Centre
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 24 h
- Feeding during test: no

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

20.4 to 20.5 °C

pH:

7.4 to 8.0

Dissolved oxygen:

8.06 to 9.61 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 1000 mg/L
Measured recovery after 48 h: > 80 %

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100mL-capacity glass beaker
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): yes, but no data on intervals (probably once after 24 h)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: OECD M4 medium
- Culture medium different from test medium: no data

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light, 8 hours dark
- Light intensity: room light

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobilisation (48 h)

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: not applicable
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: limit test

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: no
- Mortality of control: 0%
- Abnormal responses: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no

Mortality/immobilisation: no dead or immobile animals observed

Analytical monitoring:

Test concentration
nominal [mg/L]	measured [mg/L]			[% of nominal]
	0 h	48 h	Mean	0 h	48 h
0 (control)	< 20	< 20	---	---	---
1000	884	1016	947	88.4	102

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 48-h EC50 for acute effects of 1,4-butanediol to Daphnia magna is > 1000 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of 1,4 -butanediol was tested under static conditions in a 48-h toxicity study on the waterflea (Daphnia magna) following OECD TG 202. Analytical verification of the test substance concentrations revealed recovery rates of > 80 % after 48 h. Based on nominal concentrations, the 48 -h EC50 was determined to be > 1000 mg/L.

Description of key information

48-h EC50 (Daphnia magna, immobility) > 1000 mg/L (OECD 202, Env. Angency of Japan, 1997)

Additional information

Read-across approach: butane-1,4 -diol (source), butane-1,3 -diol (target) (see also Read-across justification in IUCLID section 13)

In the available key study, acute toxicity of the source compound 1,4 -butanediol was tested under static conditions in a 48 -h toxicity study on the water flea (Daphnia magna) following OECD TG 202 (RL1). Analytical verification of the test substance concentrations revealed recovery rates of > 80 % after 48 h. Based on nominal concentrations, the 48 -h EC50 was determined to be > 1000 mg/L for source and target substance ( no conversion factor applied as source and target compound have the same molecular weight).

 

A calculated result is available for 1,3 -butanediol, indicating that the acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates is beyond 1000 mg/L (Daly, 2000, RL4). Regarding the other studies, the original reports are not available (RL 4), but the results are published under reviewed programmes and by reliable organisations like ECB (see summary of results below).

Test substance	Species	EC50 [mg/L]	Reliability	Remark	Reference
1,4-butanediol (C4)	Daphnia magna	> 1000 (48 h)	1	key study; measured; analytical monitoring	Environmental Agency of Japan, 1997
1,4-butanediol (C4)	Daphnia magna	813 (48 h)	4	measured; analytical monitoring	ECB, 2000
1,3 -butanediol (C4)	Daphnia sp.	8702 (48 h)	4	calculated	Daly, 2000