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EC number: 204-854-7 | CAS number: 127-65-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Only a summary of the test results is available, therefore validity cannot be assessed.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: NEN 6501, which is fully comparable with OECD 202-1
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The EC50-48h is 4.5 mg/l.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- An a-specific method of analyses was used but because also control samples were analyzed it was shown that the response measured was related to concentration of the test substance. The concentrations measured are therefore reprentative for the concentration a.i.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- a) Artemia were used instead of Daphnids. b) Test duration was 72 hours instead of 48 hours. c) A concentration factor of > 2.2 was used. d) Synthetic seawater was used instead of reconsitituted water as testmedium. e) The testvessel volume was adjusted
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were taken and analyzed in single fold at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours from parallel vessels without test organisms.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Artemia sp.
- Details on test organisms:
- - Strain: In-house culture
- Supplier: Dose Aquatist, Bonn, Germany
- Age: < 24 hrs
- Feeding: no
- Pretreatment: no
- Feeding during test: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 19.5 - 20.5 °C
- pH:
- 8.0 - 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.9 - 9.1 mg/l
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0, 4.2, 10.4, 26, 64, 160, 400 and 1000 mg/l
- Details on test conditions:
- DILUTION WATER
- Source: Synthetic seawater, HW Meersalz, Wiegandt, Kreefeld, Germany
- Aeration: not aerated
- Volume of test vessels: 40 mL vessels with 20 mL substance
- Volume/animal; 4 mL/animal
- Number of animals/vessel: 5 animals/vessel
- Number of vessels/ concentration: 4 vessels/concentration
- Photoperiod: 16:8 light-dark cycle - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 24.55 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 18.99-31.74 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 400 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50 values were calculated using a software program (Akzo Nobel SKBT version 1.0) based on the trimmed Spearman-Karber method and the binomial method.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- On the basis of the results as presented it can be concluded that the Artemia nauplii is susceptible to Halamid at concentrations of 10 mg/l or higher. Complete immobilization (mortality) of the Artemia is accomplished at a concentration of 400 mg/l Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate or higher. These figures are based on a test duration of 72 hours.
- Executive summary:
In order to determine the susceptibility of Artemia to Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate in an aquatic environment, the toxicity of Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate to Artemia was assessed. Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate was tested in an acute toxicity test with the brine shrimp Artemia nauplii under static conditions in accordance with a slightly modified OECD test guideline for testing of chemicals, 202 (1984.04.04), and EEC directive 79/831, Annex V, part C: Methods for the determination of ecotoxicity, part C2. Acute toxicity for Daphnia (updated version of November 1989).
The Artemia were exposed to seven concentrations of the test substance for 72 hours and immobility and other biological observations, such as deviations in the behaviour or appearance of the Artemia were recorded after 24 and 48 and 72 hours.
All the Artemia survived in the controls and up to a concentration of 10.4 mg/l during 72 hours of testing.
Based on the results an EC50, value of 24.55 mg/l with 95% confidence limits of 18.99 and 31.74 mg/l was calculated. The NOEC (the lowest concentration causing no effect) value for this test is 10.4 mg/l Halamid.
No other deviations, such as changes in the behaviour,or other sublethal effects have been observed.
Based on these results, it may be concluded that Artemia nauplli is susceptible to halamid at concentrations of 10 mg/l Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate or higher, and that complete immbbilisation is accomplished at 400 mg/l or higher.
At the start of the test the exposure concentrations were substantially achieved. The low recoveries at the end of the test (52 -110%) at the lower concentrations were probably due to photodegradation or to impurities in the test medium (synthetic seawater). The somewhat high recoveries (100 - 127%) at the highest concentrations were presumably the result of the inaccuracy of the sample preparation of the analytical method used.
This test is valid as shown by the immobilization in the controls which was below 10%, no animals were trapped at the surface of the water, the oxygen concentration during the test did not drop below 2 mg/l and by the pH deviation which was less than 1 unit throughout the test.
Referenceopen allclose all
Immobilisation data
Chloramine-T trihydrate nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Mortality |
|
Number |
% |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.8 |
1 |
3 |
3.2 |
2 |
7 |
5.6 |
23 |
77 |
10 |
30 |
100 |
18 |
30 |
100 |
CHEMICAL ANALYSES
Nominal (mg/L) |
Measured (mg/L) |
% of nominal concentration |
||||||
0 |
24 |
48 |
72 |
0 |
24 |
48 |
72 |
|
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4.2 |
4.7 |
2.2 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
110 |
52 |
64 |
53 |
10.4 |
11.3 |
7.3 |
6.7 |
7.9 |
108 |
70 |
64 |
76 |
26 |
26 |
25 |
24 |
26 |
100 |
96 |
92 |
100 |
64 |
69 |
64 |
67 |
67 |
107 |
100 |
105 |
105 |
160 |
161 |
169 |
170 |
164 |
100 |
106 |
104 |
103 |
400 |
433 |
449 |
461 |
479 |
108 |
112 |
115 |
119 |
1000 |
1026 |
1046 |
1238 |
1268 |
103 |
105 |
124 |
127 |
BIOLIOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
All Artemia survived during 72 hours of testing in the controls and in the concentrations up to 10.4 mg/L Chloramine-T trihydrate. Complete immobilization (mortality) was observed at 400 and 1000 mg/L Chloramine-T trihydrate. No other deviations, such as changes in the behaviour or other effects have been observed.
Immobilisation data
Test-Substance Concentration [mg/L] |
|||||||
Immobile Artemia |
|
||||||
Number 24 h 48 h 72 h |
Percentage 24 h 48 h 72 h |
|
|||||
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
4.2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
|
10.4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
26 |
2 |
8 |
13 |
10 |
40 |
65 |
|
64 |
0 |
17 |
18 |
0 |
85 |
90 |
|
160 |
0 |
18 |
19 |
0 |
90 |
95 |
|
400 |
2 |
19 |
20 |
10 |
95 |
100 |
|
1000 |
14 |
20 |
20 |
70 |
100 |
100 |
|
Description of key information
Both a freshwater as well as a marine invertebrate have been tested with the substance Tosylchloramide sodium and also for its first transformation product p-TSA data for daphnia are available.
EC50 values indicate daphnia is more sensitive than brine shrimp (4.5 mg/L versus 24.55 mg/L respectively).
For p-TSA data have been included which indicate p-TSA has a lower toxicity to daphnia than Tosylchloramide sodium.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 4.5 mg/L
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 24.55 mg/L
Additional information
Based on the available short term toxicity data, aquatic invertebrates seem to be less sensitive to p-TSA than to Tosylchloramide sodium. In addition brine shrimp indicate to be equally or less sensitive to Tosylchloramide sodium compared to fresh water daphnia. Given the reliability scores and toxicity values of the available short term studies, PNEC has been derived from the long term toxicity studies to aquatic invertebrates.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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