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Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests

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Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: sediment simulation testing
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 308 (Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Aquatic Sediment Systems)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA Subdivision N Pesticide Guideline 162-3 (Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Radiolabelling:
yes
Oxygen conditions:
anaerobic
Inoculum or test system:
natural water / sediment
Details on source and properties of surface water:
- Details on collection : Lawrence, Jefferson County, Kansas, USA
- Temperature: 2.6 °C
- pH: 7.8
- Hardness: 168 mg eq. CaCO3/L
- Electrical conductivity: 0.4 mmhos/cm
- Oxygen concentration:
Initial: 0.1 mg/L
Final: 0.0 mg/L
- Dissolved organic carbon: 2.5 ppm
- Total organic carbon: 4.9 ppm


Details on source and properties of sediment:
- Details on collection: Lawrence, Jefferson County, Kansas, USA
- Textural classification (i.e. %sand/silt/clay): 26 % sand, 46 % silt, 28 % clay
- pH at time of collection: 6.5
- Organic carbon (%): 2.2
- CEC (meq/100 g): 24.2
- Bulk density (g/cm³): 0.94
Duration of test (contact time):
122 d
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
CO2 evolution
radiochem. meas.
Compartment:
water
DT50:
5.2 d
Temp.:
20 °C
Compartment:
entire system
DT50:
> 365 d
Temp.:
20 °C
Transformation products:
no

Major Outcomes of Study:

In an anaerobic aquatic environment, [14C]AE 1170437 declined with a half-life of 5.2 days (k = 0.1334 day-1, R2 = 0.90) and a DT90 of 17.3 days in water. The radioactivity in sediment and in the total system did not decline appreciably during the study. Only a small amount of bound residues were formed. No transformation product was formed under anaerobic aquatic conditions.

Significance of Results to Environmental Behavior of Test Compound:

In an anaerobic aquatic environment AE 1170437 will not degrade to form any new product.

Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: sediment simulation testing
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 308 (Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Aquatic Sediment Systems)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA Subdivision N Pesticide Guideline 162-3 (Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Radiolabelling:
yes
Oxygen conditions:
anaerobic
Inoculum or test system:
natural water / sediment
Details on source and properties of surface water:
- Details on collection : Lawrence, Jefferson County, Kansas, USA
- Temperature: 2.6 °C
- pH: 7.8
- Hardness: 168 mg eq. CaCO3/L
- Electrical conductivity: 0.4 mmhos/cm
- Oxygen concentration:
Initial: 0.0 mg/L
Final: 0.0 mg/L
- Dissolved organic carbon: 2.5 ppm
- Total organic carbon: 4.9 ppm
Details on source and properties of sediment:
- Details on collection: Lawrence, Jefferson County, Kansas, USA
- Textural classification (i.e. %sand/silt/clay): 26 % sand, 46 % silt, 28 % clay
- pH at time of collection: 6.5
- Organic carbon (%): 2.2
- CEC (meq/100 g): 24.2
- Bulk density (g/cm³): 0.94
Duration of test (contact time):
119 d
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
CO2 evolution
radiochem. meas.
Compartment:
water
DT50:
4.9 d
Temp.:
20 °C
Compartment:
entire system
DT50:
> 365 d
Temp.:
20 °C
Transformation products:
no

Major Outcomes of Study:

In an anaerobic aquatic environment, [14C]AE 1170437 declined with a half-life of 4.9

days (k = 0.1413 day"1, R2 = 0.92) and a DT90 of 16.3 days in water. The radioactivity in

sediment and in the total system did not decline appreciably during the study. Only a

small amount of bound residues were formed. No transformation product was formed

under anaerobic aquatic conditions.

Significance of Results to Environmental Behavior of Test Compound:

In an anaerobic aquatic environment AE 1170437 will not degrade to form any new

product.

Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: sediment simulation testing
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 308 (Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Aquatic Sediment Systems)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA Subdivision N Pesticide Guideline 162-4 (Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Commission Directive 95/36/EC amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC Annexes II and III
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 835.4300 (Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Radiolabelling:
yes
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
natural water / sediment
Details on source and properties of surface water:
- Details on collection: Angler Weiher
- Temperature (°C) at time of collection: 2.0
- pH at time of collection: 7.4
- Oxygen concentration (%) initial: 83.7
- Dissolved organic carbon (%): < 2


- Details on collection: Hoenniger Weiher
- Temperature (°C) at time of collection: 16.2
- pH at time of collection: 7.3
- Oxygen concentration (mg/l) initial: 97.9
- Dissolved organic carbon (%): < 2
Details on source and properties of sediment:
- Details on collection: Angler Weiher, Leverkusen, Northrhine-Westfalia, Germany
- Textural classification (i.e. %sand/silt/clay): 95.3 % sand, 3.7 % silt, 1.0 % clay (Sand)
- pH at time of collection: 6.9
- Organic carbon (%): 0.68
- CEC (meq/100 g): 1.5
- Redox potential (mv) initial: 310

- Details on collection: Hoenniger Weiher, Wipperfuerth, Northrhine-Westfalia, Germany
- Textural classification (i.e. %sand/silt/clay): 40.0 % sand, 49.9 % silt, 10.1 % clay (Sand)
- pH at time of collection: 6.3
- Organic carbon (%): 2.87
- CEC (meq/100 g): 10.4
- Redox potential (mv) initial: 114
Duration of test (contact time):
120 d
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
CO2 evolution
radiochem. meas.
Compartment:
water
DT50:
13.8 d
Type:
other: Single first order
Temp.:
20 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Angler Weiher
Compartment:
water
DT50:
4.8 d
Type:
other: First order multi compartment
Temp.:
20 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Angler Weiher
Compartment:
water
DT50:
3.6 d
Type:
other: Single first order
Temp.:
20 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Hoenniger Weiher
Compartment:
water
DT50:
2.7 d
Type:
other: First order multi compartment
Temp.:
20 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Hoenniger Weiher
Compartment:
entire system
DT50:
120.5 d
Type:
other: Single first order
Temp.:
20 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Angler Weiher
Compartment:
entire system
DT50:
139 d
Type:
other: First order multi compartment
Temp.:
20 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Angler Weiher
Compartment:
entire system
DT50:
236.4 d
Type:
other: Single first order
Temp.:
20 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Hoenniger Weiher
Compartment:
entire system
DT50:
650.7 d
Type:
other: Double first order in parallel
Temp.:
20 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Hoenniger Weiher
Transformation products:
yes
No.:
#1
No.:
#2
No.:
#3

This study demonstrated that AE 1170437 disappeared fast from the water body with DT50 values of 4.8 days and 2.7 days for Angler Weiher and Hoenniger Weiher, respectively.

The test item was degraded slowly in the entire water-sediment systems. The DT50 values for AE 1170437 in the entire water-sediment systems were 126.7 days and > 365 days for Angler Weiher and Hoenniger Weiher, respectively.

Overall, three transformation products were detected, AE 1170437-triazine indanone, AE 1170437-carboxylic acid and AE 1170437-diaminotriazine. Minor amounts of carbon dioxide were formed from both labeling positions indicating the complete mineralization of the test item.

Significance of Results to Environmental Behaviour of Test Item:

The test item is rapidly adsorbed to the sediment, but the overall degradation is slow. However, formation of carbon dioxide and metabolites demonstrates the complete degradation of AE 1170437 in water-sediment systems.

Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: simulation testing on ultimate degradation in surface water
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
03 Jul 2017 - 31 Jan 2018
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 309 (Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water - Simulation Biodegradation Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
Landesamt für Umwelt, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
Radiolabelling:
yes
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
natural water: freshwater
Details on source and properties of surface water:
- Details on collection (e.g. location): Natural water from the “Kellmetschweiher” located near the town of Böhl-Iggelheim (postal code: 67459), Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
- Storage conditions: 4 °C with aeration
- Storage length: Overnight
- Temperature (°C) at time of collection: Air 22.6 °C; water 22.5 °C
- pH at time of collection: 8.03
- Electrical conductivity: 0.260 mS/cm
- Redox potential (mv): 169
- Oxygen concentration: 7.07 mg/L / 83.8%
- Hardness: 5.1 °dH [0.913 mmol/L]
- Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC): 10.7 mg/L
- Biochemical Oxygen Demand after 5 days (BOD5): - Water filtered: yes/no: yes, 150 µm mesh
Duration of test (contact time):
59 d
Initial conc.:
10 µg/L
Based on:
act. ingr.
Remarks:
radiolabeled isomer mixture
Initial conc.:
100 µg/L
Based on:
act. ingr.
Remarks:
radiolabeled isomer mixture
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
CO2 evolution
radiochem. meas.
Details on study design:
TEST CONDITIONS
- Volume of test solution/treatment: 400 mL
- Composition of medium: Fresh surface water
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): Methanol
- Test temperature: 19.8 - 20.9 °C
- pH: 8.0-8.2 (initial) - 8.5-8.9 (test end)
- Oxygen content: >90% saturation
- Continuous darkness: Yes

TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: “Bio control” test systems
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Sterile controle: 2 (Sterilised by the addition of 100 mg/L formalin.)
- Blank control: 1
- Trap for 14CO2 and other volatile metabolites: attached soda lime trap
- 14CO2 bound to the soda lime was liberated with HCl, trapped in scintillator-cocktail and measured by LSC
- Paraffin wetted glass wool for adsorption of volatile organic molecules was extracted with acetone
- Sampling frequency: immediately after treatment (day 0), and after about 2, 7, 14, 21, 35 and 59 days of incubation.

STATISTICAL METHODS:
- The degradation rate was calculated according to FOCUS kinetics guidance (2006) using the software CAKE v. 3.2. The calculations were carried out using SFO and FOMC models.
Reference substance:
benzoic acid, sodium salt
Compartment:
natural water: freshwater
% Recovery:
92.4
St. dev.:
4.2
Remarks on result:
other: Low concentration (10 µg/L)
Compartment:
natural water: freshwater
% Recovery:
95.3
St. dev.:
3.7
Remarks on result:
other: High concentration (100 µg/L)
Compartment:
other: Sterile controls
% Recovery:
95.4
St. dev.:
2.5
Compartment:
natural water: freshwater
DT50:
> 1 000 d
Type:
other: SFO and FOMC
Temp.:
20 °C
Remarks on result:
other: Low dose and high dose test sytem
Mineralization rate (in CO2):
0.4 other: Formation of 14CO2 was negligible and did not exceed 0.4%
Transformation products:
not specified
Details on transformation products:
Up to seven non-identified metabolites (N.I.-1 – N.I.-7) could be determined in low amounts in the course of the study never exceeding a mean 10% AR or 2 x 5% AR in two consecutive sampling intervals or showed increasing at the end of the study while being ≥ 5% AR. Two of the non-identified fractions (N.I.-3 and N.I.-4) were already present as impurities in the application solution.
Evaporation of parent compound:
no
Volatile metabolites:
no
Results with reference substance:
14C-labelled benzoic acid was degraded within 96 hours regardless whether organic solvent was present in the positive controls or not. Between 11.0% and 11.6% of applied benzoic acid was mineralised and trapped in the soda lime pellets within 8 days of incubation.

Description of key information

Aerobic Aquatic Mineralization in Surface Water (OECD 309):

DT50 water: > 1000 days at 20 °C

Aerobic Biodegradation in Aquatic Water/Sediment Systems (OECD 308):

DT50 water: 2.7 - 4.8 days at 20 °C

DT50 water/sediment: 127 - >365 days at 20 °C

 

Anaerobic Biodegradation in Aquatic Water/Sediment Systems: (OECD 308):

DT50 water: 4.9 - 5.2 days at 20 °C

DT50 water/sediment: >365 days at 20 °C

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information

Aerobic Aquatic Mineralization in Surface Water (OECD 309)

Indaziflam did not degrade significantly in the test systems containing natural water within the 59 days incubation period.

Beside two impurities already present in the stock and application solutions three minor non-identified fractions could be determined in the aqueous phase in irregular time intervals never exceeding 4.6%. Two further non-identified fractions could be determined in the water phase of some test systems (“Low dose”, “High dose” and “Sterile controls”) showing high adsorption to mechanical abrasions of Teflon-coated magnetic stirrers indicating an artificial based formation and are therefore not of relevance. The formation of 14CO2 and other volatiles was negligible never exceeding 0.4% AR in case of 14CO2 (released from the soda lime traps) and never exceeding 2.9% AR (single determination) in case of volatiles released from the water phase after addition of acid and ultra-sonic bath treatment.

The degradation rate of Indaziflam in natural water was calculated according to FOCUS kinetics guidance (2006) using the software CAKE v. 3.2. The calculations were carried out using SFO and FOMC models. Independent on the concentration the DT50 and DT90-value amounted to > 1000 days (“High dose” and “Low dose” test systems, SFO and FOMC).

Aerobic and Anaerobic Water/Sediment Systems (OECD 308)

Three studies investigating the biodegradation in water sediment systems under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were performed according to OECD 308 and GLP conditions. Two different labels were used in each water-sediment system to investigate the aerobic degradation rate and the pathway. The radioactive labeled substances were applied to the water body at a rate of 5 μg test item per test vessel, corresponding to about 20 kBq per test vessel and about 10 μg/L in the water layer. This study demonstrated that the substance disappeared fast from the water body with DT50 values of 4.8 days and 2.7 days for two different lakes, Angler Weiher and Hoenniger Weiher, respectively. The test item was degraded slowly in the entire water-sediment systems. The DT50 values for the test substance in the entire water-sediment systems were 126.7 days and > 365 days for Angler Weiher and Hoenniger Weiher, respectively. Overall, three transformation products were detected, and minor amounts of carbon dioxide were formed from both labelling positions indicating the complete mineralization. Indaziflam is rapidly adsorbed to the sediment, but the overall degradation is slow. However, formation of carbon dioxide and metabolites demonstrates the complete degradation of the substance in water-sediment systems.

In an anaerobic aquatic environment, indaziflam declined with a half-life of 4.9 and 5.2 days in water. The radioactivity in sediment and in the total system did not decline appreciably during the study. Only a small amount of bound residues were formed. No transformation product was formed under anaerobic aquatic conditions. In an anaerobic aquatic environment the substance will not degrade to form any new product.

Summary of degradation in water/sediment systems:

Characteristic

Value

Degradation in aerobic water/sediment system (half-life)

Two Systems

Sandy

Loam

pH 6.9

pH 6.3

Water: 4.8 days

Water: 2.7 days

Total system: 127 days

Total system: > 1year

Degradation in anaerobic water/sediment system (half-life)

4.9 to 5.2 days (Water column)

> 1 Year (total System)