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EC number: 273-381-6 | CAS number: 68958-92-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- April 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Single Samples for analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control.
Frequency: at t=0 h and t=48 h
Volume: 5.0 mL from the approximate centre of the test vessels. At the end of the exposure period, the replicates were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
Storage: Not applicable, samples were analysed on the day of sampling - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test item was not completely soluble at the loading rate initially prepared. Thus, preparation of test solutions started with a loading rate of 100 mg/L applying a three-day period of magnetic stirring to reach the maximum dissolution of the test item in medium. The resulting aqueous mixture was allowed to settle for 1 hour and thereafter the Saturated Solution (SS) was collected by means of siphoning. The SS was used as the highest test concentration. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the SS in test medium. All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test item.
The method of preparation of the test medium was based on the OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures, 2000.
- Controls: Test medium without test item or other additives - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flee
- Strain/clone: Straus, 1820
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): less than 24 hours
- Method of breeding: Approximately 250 newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, were placed into 5 litres of Elendt M7 medium in an all-glass culture vessel. The maximum age of the cultures was 4 weeks. After 7 days of cultivation, half of the medium was renewed twice a week. The temperature of medium was 18-22°C.
- Source: In-house laboratory culture with a known history
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): 2nd to 5th brood
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: none; breeding and test conditions were comparable.
- Health during acclimation/breeding (any mortality observed): no signs of stress such as mortality >20%, presence of males, ephippia or discoloured animals; no delay in the production of the first brood. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 1.8 mM (180 mg CaCO3/L)
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- 7.9 - 8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.6 - 9.0 mg O2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal test concentrations: 100, 56, 32, 18, and 10% of a supersaturated solution (SS) prepared at 100 mg/L.
measured test concentrations:
at test start: 0.065, 0.047, 0.029, 0.015, and 0.0088 mg/L.
at test end: 0.022, 0.013, 0.0062, 0.0022, and <0.001 mg/L.
average exposure concentrations (the geometric mean): 0.038, 0.024, 0.013, 0.0058, and 0.0021 mg/L. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 60 mL, all-glass vessels, containing 50 mL of test medium
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 10 mL/animal
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Adjusted ISO medium, formulated using RO-water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis; GEON Waterbehandeling, Berkel-Enschot, The Netherlands); Composition: CaCl2.2H2O: 211.5 mg/L, MgSO4.7H2O: 88.8 mg/L, NaHCO3: 46.7 mg/L, KCl: 4.2 mg/L
- Ca/Mg ratio: 4:1
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes (daphnids were cultured in Elendt M7 medium)
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and dissolved oxygen were measured at the beginning and at the end of the test, for all concentrations and the control. Temperature was measured continuously in a temperature control vessel, beginning at the start of the test.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not necessary
- Photoperiod: daily photoperiod of 16 hours
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
Immobility (including mortality) and signs of disease or stress (e.g. discolouration, unusual behaviour such as surface trapping, etc.) after 24 and 48 hours of exposure.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 100, 10 and 1% of a supersaturated solution (SS) prepared at 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no significant immobility in 1.0 and 10% of the SS after 48 hours, 95% mortality was observed in the undiluted SS. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- supersaturated solution prepared at 100 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 56 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- 56% of a supersaturated solution (SS) prepared at 100 mg/L
- Details on results:
- DETAILS ON RESULTS
Behavioural abnormalities:
- Other biological observations: see attached document "S-930 - Number of Introduced Daphnids and Incidence of Immobility in the Final Test.pdf"
- Mortality of control: none
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none
All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure.
For details, see attached document "S-930 - Number of Introduced Daphnids and Incidence of Immobility in the Final Test.pdf" - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- 48-hour EC50: 0.59 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval between 0.53 and 0.72 mg/L (historical data of 48h EC50 are between 0.3 and 1.0 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24 and 48h-EC50-values could not be determined because the observed effects were below 50%. The NOELR and LOELR were determined directly from the raw data.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- In the control, no daphnids have been immobilised or showed other sub-lethal effects; the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test was > 3 mg/L in control and test vessels.
Reference
Description of key information
effect value for Daphnia magna, based on loading rates (OECD 202):
48-h EL50: > 100 mg/L mg/L (solubility in test water < 1 mg/L)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The results indicate that the test material is not toxic to daphnia up to the limits of its solubility (< 1 mg/L in test water) and a NOEC and thus a PNEC cannot be determined.
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