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EC number: 242-604-9 | CAS number: 18824-74-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 96 hours
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- EPA review document covering tetrabromophthalates; two fish studies presented
Substance in test was the anhydride, but this hydrolyses rapidly in water to the acid.
This is considered a valid substitute for read-across as the potassium salt will quickly dissociate; when diluted in solution, both the potassium salt and acid will combine with Calcium and Magnesium ions in natural water and form poorly soluble salts.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Reference
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Justification for type of information:
- Performed by Lead Registrant in-house using calibrated equipment.
Information was generated to help support observations from environmental testing and to confirm suspected solublity under environmental and biological conditions. - Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The substance was disolved in two types of commercially available bottled water of known hardness, pH and analysis and concentrations up to 100 mg/l.
The substance was dissolved in molar HCl (ca pH1) at up to 100 mg/l
Precipitation of insoluble salts/acid was determined by use of a calibrated turbidity meter - GLP compliance:
- no
- Other quality assurance:
- other: Use of calibrated instrumentation
- Type of method:
- flask method
- Water solubility:
- < 5 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- other: estimation in considering presence of undisolved material
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 100 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- ca. 1 h
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- > 6.7 - < 7.4
- Water solubility:
- < 5 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- other: estimation in considering presence of undisolved material
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 100 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- ca. 1 h
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- ca. 1
- Details on results:
- The measured pH for the mineral water was based on analysis provided by the suppliers.
The test substance did not impact on the pH.
The figure of 5 mg/l cited for solublity is based on report solublity for the acid form. Turbity was considered hardly detectable at < 10 mg/l - Conclusions:
- The substance showed low solubiilty when diluted to below 100 mg/l in water typically used for ecotoxocity testing
The substance showed low solublity when diluted at pH 1 to mimic possible effects if ingested.
Acutal solubility was not possible to establish since it was in equilibrium - Executive summary:
Standard testing to EC A6 method demonstrated very high water solubility / miscibility with a slightly alkaline pH 9.9.
However, under dilute conditions in 'natural' water (as required for environmental toxicity testing), the substance proved to be poorly soluble with the apparent formation of calcium and other salts from the hardened test water. The apparent solubility decreased as concentrations were reduced. A solubility limit of ca 5 mg/l is reported in environmental toxicity testing for tetrabromophthalate salts.
It is likely that under these dilute conditions, the salt will exist in equilibrium and apparent solubility will depend greatly on actual hardness of the water and also the pH
Further work (Report, Dixon Chew, 19 March 2020) demonstrated precipitation under diluted conditions at pH 1 or in natural water (assessed by turbidity), thus confirming dissociation with formation of insoluble salts (natural water) and also formation of the poorly soluble acid form (pH 1, molar HCl). Although this work was non-quantitative in terms of determining actual solubility under these conditions, the observations demonstrated that the potassium salt will behave in the same way as the acid form under environmental and biological conditions.
These conclusions need to also be considered in the light of the well established observations that the anhydride quickly hydrates to the acid form under similar environmental conditions. Likewise, research has shown that the alkyl esters also hydrolyse to the acid form under environmental conditions.
It must also be noted that the functionality of these substances is to provide the same propertied to different fabrics for fire retardant properties. The purpose of creating alkyl esters, or water soluble potassium salts is to allow use in different textile treatment media, but the functionality come from the C-O and C=O bonds of the phthalate to adhere to proteins and other charged groups in wool and other fibres.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Tetrabromophthalic Anhydride [CASRN 632-79-1] Review of Toxicological Literature
- Author:
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- Year:
- 1 999
- Bibliographic source:
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1075 (Freshwater and Saltwater Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tetrabromophthalic acid
- Cas Number:
- 13810-83-8
- Molecular formula:
- C8H2Br4O4
- IUPAC Name:
- Tetrabromophthalic acid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Substance in test was an alkyl ester, shown to react in light to quickly hydrolyse in water to the acid. The data relates to the acid form.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate, EC 247-426-5 hydrolysis shows rapid degradation to tetrabromophthalic acid ( Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/)
This is considered a valid substitute for read-across as the potassium salt will quickly dissociate; when diluted in solution, both the potassium salt and acid will combine with Calcium and Magnesium ions in natural water and form poorly soluble salts.
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Tests to limit of solubility, ca 10 mg/l
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Not specified in review document; claimed to be to guideline specification
- Test temperature:
- Not specified in review document; claimed to be to guideline specification
- pH:
- Not adjusted but not specified in review document; claimed to be to guideline specification
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- The report solublity in water of the acid form (the anhydride converts to acid in water) is
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Substance in test was the anhydride, but this hydrolyses rapidly in water to the acid.
This is considered a valid substitute for read-across as the potassium salt will quickly dissociate; when diluted in solution, both the potassium salt and acid will combine with Calcium and Magnesium ions in natural water and form poorly soluble salts.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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