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EC number: 235-115-7 | CAS number: 12069-89-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
In an acute oral toxicity study (OECD 401) young adult Crl:CD (SD) rats (5 animals per sex and dose) were orally exposed to Sodium molybdate in corn oil at concentrations of 3200, 5000 and 6400 mg/kg bw. Mortality occured within the different dose groups. The oral LD50 for both sexes was considered to be 4233 mg/kg body weight. In an acute inhalation toxicity study equivalent to OECD 403, groups of young male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (5 per sex) were exposed via the inhalation route to Sodium Molybdate (99.7% a.i.) for 4 hours to the whole body at a mean concentration of 1.93 mg/L. No mortality or distinct clinical signs were observed after exposure to Sodium Molybdate. The LC50 for both sexes was considered to be greater than 1.93 mg/L. In an acute dermal toxicity study (OECD 402, limit test), a group of young adult Crl:CD (SD) rats (5 animals per sex) was dermally exposed to Sodium molybdate in water for 24 hours to approximately 10% of body surface area at 2000 mg/kg bw. Animals were observed for 14 days. No mortality occurred and the LD50 was considered to exceed 2000 mg/kg bw.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1990-06-25 to 1990-11-02
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study. Sodium molybdate is used as read-across partner to Dimolybdenum carbide.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Crl:CD (SD)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River UK, Kent, England
- Age at study initiation: four to six weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 108 to 140 g
- Housing: up to five rats of the same sex in metal cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 8 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 24-29 °C
- Humidity (%): 67%
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12 - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Details on oral exposure:
- MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 10 mL/kg bw
- Doses:
- preliminary study: 250 and 1000 mg/kg bw
main study: 3200, 5000 and 6400 mg/kg bw - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- preliminary study: 2
main study: 5 - Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration:
14 days
- Frequency of observations
on the day of treatment at frequent intervals for a period of 5 hours. On the subsequent days two times per day. Clinical signs were recorded at each observation.
- Frequency of weighing:
on day the day of treatment, on day 8 and day 15
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes - Statistics:
- The acute median lethal oral dose (LD50) to male and female rats was calculated using the method of Finney (1971, Probit Analysis).
Where the slope was not significantly different from zero, approximate confidence limits were calculated by taking the LD50 estimate given and multiplying and dividing twice by the standard error obtained after adjustment for heterogeneity. - Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 4 233 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Mortality:
- After a single oral dose of Sodium molybdate at a concentration of 3200 mg/kg bw three male and one female died within 5 hours after treatment. At 5000 mg/kg bw one male died and two female animals died within 2 days after treatment. After treatment with 6400 mg/kg bw all animals died within 2 hours after treatment.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Piloerection was observed in all rats within five minutes after treatment. This sign was accompanied on Day 1 and/or later intervals by: - hunched posture, waddling and pallor of the extremities in all rats dosed at 3200 and 5000 mg/kg bw , less commonly
- Gross pathology:
- No macroscopic abnormalities were observed
- Interpretation of results:
- practically nontoxic
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, the oral LD50 value in rats after treatment with Sodium molybdate was 4233 mg/kg body weight.
- Executive summary:
In an acute oral toxicity study (OECD 401) young adult Crl:CD (SD) rats (5 animals per sex and dose) were orally exposed to Sodium molybdate in corn oil at concentrations of 3200, 5000 and 6400 mg/kg bw. Animals were observed for 14 days. All animals died in the high dose group. At 5000 mg/kg bw one male died and two female animals died and at 3200 mg/kg bw three male and one female died. There were treatment related clinical signs and slight changes in body weight. No treatment-related gross pathology abnormalities were observed after 14 days. Based on the mortality occured after treatment with Sodium molybdate, the oral LD50 value both in female and male Crl:CD (SD) rats was considered to be 4233 mg/kg body weight. 4233 mg sodium molybdate/kg body weight equals 2095 mg/kg body weight of the target substance Dimolydenum carbide.
Reference
Preliminary study:
the results indicated that the acute median lethal oral dose (LD50) to male and female rats of Sodium molybdate was greater than 1000 mg/kg body weight.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 2 095 mg/kg bw
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1990-04-17 to 1991-04-04
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study conducted equivalent to OECD guideline 403. Sodium molybdate is used as read-across partner to Dimolybdenum carbide.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River UK Limited, Margate, Kent, UK
- Age at study initiation: 6 - 8 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: ca. 200g
- Housing: 5 per sex per cage
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18 - 24 °C
- Humidity (%): 35 - 65% - Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- clean air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus:
Wright dust generator
- Exposure chamber volume:
120 L
- Method of holding animals in test chamber:
cages of stainless mesh partitioned to provide 10 individual animal compartments
- Source and rate of air:
clean dried compressed air was connected to the dust generator and fow rate was 25 L/min
- Method of particle size determination:
Two samples were taken using a Marple model 296 cascade impactor.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber:
the air temperature was measured and recorded at the start of the exposure and then at 30 min intervals during the 4-hour exposure, relative humidity was calculated from the recorded data for the water vapour content and temperature of the chamber air
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used:
five air samples were taken from the chamber during the exposure. Each air sample was withdrawn through a weighed glass fibre filter (Whatman GF/A) held in an open face filter holder, at a rate of 4 L/min. The volume of the air sample was measured with a wet-type gas meter. The filters were reweighed to determine the concentration of the test substance in the chamber air. - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- The mean concentration of Sodium Molybdate was 1.93 mg/L
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations: at least two times per day for clinical signs
- Frequency of weighing: every day
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Food and water consumption: the daily mean intakes of food and water for each rat were calculated from the recorded data
- Other examinations performed:
at the end of the 14 day observation period, the rats were subjected to a detailed macroscopic examination. The lungs were removed, dissected clear of surrounding tissue and weighed in to order to calculate the lung to body weight ratio. Lungs, Liver and Kidneys were preserved buffered 10% formalin. Fixed lungs were embedded in paraffin wax and four-micron sections were prepared, stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under the light microscope. - Statistics:
- N.A.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 1.93 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- There were no deaths during the study.
- Clinical signs:
- other: During exposure: Partial closing of the eyes was seen in rats exposed to Sodium Molybdate. This sign is considered to be consistent with a non-specific response to exposure to high concentration of dust. During the observation period: No signs of toxicity
- Body weight:
- Small losses in body weight or a reduced rate of body weight gain were observed in rats exposed to Sodium Molybdate for up to three days after exposure. Subsequently the rate of body weight gain of the exposed rats was similar to that of the control rats.
- Gross pathology:
- Macroscopic pathology:
The lungs of two control rats had dark areas on the surface of the lungs and the lungs of one male rat exposed to Sodium Molybdate were congested (animal 95).
Microscopic pathology:
No changes considered to be of toxicological significance were observed in the lung sections examined. - Other findings:
- Food consumption:
Food consumption was reduced for two days following exposure to Sodium Molybdate. Subsequently, food consumption for exposed rats was similarto that for control rats.
Water consumption:
Water consumption was increased on Day 3 of the observation period and also, in male rats only, on day 4 after exposure.
Lung to body weight ratio:
The lung weight for one male rat (animal 95) exposed to Sodium Molybdate was higher than normal. The ratio was considered to be within normal limits for all other rats. - Interpretation of results:
- practically nontoxic
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, under the conditions of the test, the LC50 of Sodium Molybdate is greater than 1.93 mg/L
- Executive summary:
In an acute inhalation toxicity study equivalent to OECD 403, groups of young male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (5 per sex) were exposed by inhalation route to Sodium Molybdate (99.7% a.i.) for 4 hours to the whole body at a mean concentration of 1.93 mg/L. Animals then were observed for 14 days. No mortality or distinct clinical signs were observed after exposure to Sodium Molybdate. Since no mortality occured during the 14 -day observation period, the LC50 for both sexes is greater than 1.93 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1: Concentrations of Sodium Molybdate | |||
Sample | Time | Test Item in air (mg/L) | |
2.1 | 0h : 30 min | 2.01 | |
2.2 | 1h : 00 min | 1.85 | |
2.3 | 2h : 00 min | 1.94 | |
2.4 | 3h : 00 min | 1.93 | |
2.5 | 3h : 50 min | 1.91 | |
mean | 1.93 |
Variation: 8%
Table 2: Particle Size Distribution | |||||||
Sample | Time taken | Stage | Particle size range (µm) | Amount collected (mg) | % of total | % respirable (< 3.5 µm a.d.) | |
PSD1 | 1h : 40 min | 3 | 9.80 | 0.37 | 42.50 | 31.00% | |
4 | 6.00 | 0.09 | 10.30 | ||||
5 | 3.50 | 0.14 | 16.10 | ||||
6 | 1.55 | 0.27 | 31.00 | ||||
7 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
8 | 0.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
Filter | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
PSD2 | 3h : 30 min | 3 | 9.80 | 0.34 | 30.60 | 20.70% | |
4 | 6.00 | 0.31 | 27.90 | ||||
5 | 3.50 | 0.23 | 20.70 | ||||
6 | 1.55 | 0.23 | 20.70 | ||||
7 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
8 | 0.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
Filter | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
mass median aerodynamic diameter: 6.9 µm; standard geometric diviation: 2.71 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1990-06-13 to 1990-11-01
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study. Sodium molybdate is used as read-across partner to Dimolybdenum carbide.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Crl:CD (SD)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River UK, Kent, England
- Age at study initiation: seven to ten weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 216 to 262 g
- Housing: individually in metal cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 12 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22-24 °C
- Humidity (%): 60%
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12 - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on dermal exposure:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: dorso-lumbar region
- % coverage: 10% of the total body surface ( 50 x 50 mm)
- Type of wrap if used: gauze, which was held in place with an impermeable dressing encircled firmlay around the trunk
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes, with 30-40 °C warm water
- Time after start of exposure: 24h
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 1.12 ml/kg
- Constant volume or concentration used: yes - Duration of exposure:
- 24h
- Doses:
- 2000 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration:
14 days
- Frequency of observations:
on the day of treatment at frequent intervals for a period of 4 hours. On the subsequent days two times per day. Clinical signs were recorded at each observation. The treated areas of skin were examined daily for signs of dermal irritation and were assessed according to the following scoring systempresented in table 1
- Frequency of weighing:
on day the day of treatment, on day 8 and day 15
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes - Preliminary study:
- N:A:
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD0
- Effect level:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Mortality:
- There were no deaths following a single dermal dose of 2000 mg/kg bw
- Clinical signs:
- other: There were no signs of systemic reaction to treatment
- Gross pathology:
- Terminal autopsy revelaed no macroscopic abnormalities
- Other findings:
- N.A.
- Interpretation of results:
- practically nontoxic
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, the dermal LD50 value in rats after treatment with Sodium molybdate was established to exceed 2000 mg/kg body weight.
- Executive summary:
In an acute dermal toxicity study (OECD 402, limit test), a group of young adult Crl:CD (SD) rats (5 males and 5 females) was dermally exposed to Sodium molybdate in water for 24 hours to approximately 10% of body surface area at 2000 mg/kg bw. Animals were observed for 14 days. No mortality occurred. There were no treatment related clinical signs, necropsy findings or changes in body weight. The dermal LD50 value of Sodium molybdate in both female and male Crl:CD (SD) rats was established to exceed 2000 mg/kg body weight.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
Additional information
No data is available for Dimolybdenum carbide (target substance). Thus, available data from Sodium molybdate was used in a read-across approach. Due to a lower water solubility of Dimolybdenum carbide compared to Sodium molybdate the resulting bioavailability (toxicity potential) would also be expected to be lower. Therefore, the read across to the source substance Sodium molybdate is adequately protective. Details on the read-across rational are provided in section 13.
In an acute oral toxicity study (OECD 401) young adult Crl:CD (SD) rats (5 animals per sex and dose) were orally exposed to Sodium molybdate in corn oil at concentrations of 3200, 5000 and 6400 mg/kg bw. Mortality occurred within the different dose groups. The acute median lethal oral dose (LD50) to male and female rats was calculated using the method of Finney (1971, Probit Analysis). The oral LD50 for both sexes was calculated to be 4233 mg/kg body weight. In an acute inhalation toxicity study equivalent to OECD 403, groups of young male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (5 per sex) were exposed via the inhalation route to Sodium molybdate (99.7%) for 4 hours to the whole body at a mean concentration of 1.93 mg/L (higher concentrations technically not possible). No mortality or distinct clinical signs were observed after exposure to Sodium molybdate. The LC50 for both sexes was considered to be greater than 1.93 mg/L. In an acute dermal toxicity study (OECD 402, limit test), a group of young adult Crl:CD (SD) rats (5 animals per sex) was dermally exposed to Sodium molybdate in water for 24 hours to approximately 10% of body surface area at 2000 mg/kg bw. Animals were observed for 14 days. No mortality occurred and the LD50 was considered to exceed 2000 mg/kg bw.
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint
GLP guideline study according to OECD 401. Mortality in rat was reported after treatment with 3200 mg Sodium molybdate and above. An LD50 of 4233 mg/kg/d was established (equal to 2095 mg Mo2C/kg body weight).
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – inhalation endpoint
GLP study equivalent to OECD 403 conducted with Sodium molybdate.
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – dermal endpoint
GLP guideline study according to OECD 402 conducted with Sodium molybdate.
Justification for classification or non-classification
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