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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 233-038-3 | CAS number: 10025-73-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.61 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12.5
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 32.6 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The oral NOEL(chronic) of 18.5 mg CrCl3.6H2O/kg bw/d is converted to a NOAEC by dividing by 0.38 and multiplying by 0.67 according to ECHA Guidance (NOAEC of 32.6 mg CrCl3.6H2O/m3). No absorption correction is applied as inhalation absorption and oral absorption are considered both low (10% as worst case assumption).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEC is used as a starting point
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on a chronic study (MacKenzie, 1958)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation route
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- for workers the default factor of 5 is used
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data from substance fulfilling scientific principle is used, supported by data from a subchronic study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further uncertainties to be taken into account
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.61 mg/m³
DNEL related information
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.31 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- not required as LOAEC based on minimal local, reversible effects
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- based on a subchronic inhalation study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- not used for inhalation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default factor for worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- not required
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further uncertainties to be taken into account
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.62 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12.5
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEC
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- not required as LOAEC based on minimal local, reversible effects
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- not used for inhalation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default factor for worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- not required
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further uncertainties to be taken into account
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.37 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: NOEL
- Value:
- 18.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral to dermal, no adjustment for absorption made as both, dermal and oral absorption, are considered max. 10%
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOEL is used as a starting point.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on a chronic study (MacKenzie, 1958)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rats are used in the animal test
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default value for worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data from substance fulfilling scientific principle is used, supported by subchronic data
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no other uncertainties needed to be considered.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.37 mg/kg bw/day
DNEL related information
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
For systemic effects the most reliable study to derive a NO(A)EL for DNEL derivation is the 1-year chronic toxicity study by oral route (Mackenzie, 1958). In this study one dose of 25 ppm in drinking water (equivalent to 3.6 mg Cr/kg bw/d or 18.5 mg CrCl3.6H2O/kg bw/d) was applied to rats and no systemic or local effects were noted. Thus, the highest dose 18.5 mg CrCl3.6H2O/kg bw/d can be seen as NOEL. Anderson (1997) found a NOAEL of 7 mg Cr/kg bw/d in a subchronic oral feeding study, pointing into the same direction. Accordingly, the NOEL from the 1-year chronic toxicity study of 18.5 mg CrCl3.6H2O/kg bw/d, derived by MacKenzie (1958) is used as basis for derivation of DNELs for systemic effects.
For local effects by inhalation exposure, the results found in a 90 day-inhalation study (Derelanko et al., 1999) has shown slight and reversible local effects in the respiratory tract when chromium hydroxyl sulphate was applied as dust. Chromium hydroxyl sulphate is acidic and very soluble in water same as chromium trichloride. Therefore, results from this study are suitable for read across and the study may be used to derive the DNEL(inhalation) for local effects towards chromium(III) species such as chromium trichloride. Consequently, the LOAEC of 3 mg Cr(III) /m3 in this study was used to derive inhalation DNELs for local effects (long term and acute exposure). As no systemic effects were seen in this study and thus no NOAEL for systemic effects was derived, the DNELs for systemic effects were based on the chronic oral studies (see above).
For dermal exposure, no suitable data are available and thus the oral chronic data were used for route to route extrapolation to assess dermal systemic DNELs.
In the absence of skin irritation seen for chromium trichloride but a potential for skin sensitization, short term DNELs were not derived but a high hazard is assumed, leading into a qualitative exposure and risk assessment, targeting at minimization of skin exposure.
No eye irritation / damage was seen in in vitro and in vivo studies for chromium trichloride and thus no hazard to eyes is concluded.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.644 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 16.1 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The oral NOEL(chronic) of 18.5 mg CrCl3.6H2O/kg bw/d is converted to a NOAEC by dividing by 1.15 according to ECHA Guidance (NOAEC of 16.1 mg CrCl3.6H2O/m3). No absorption correction is applied as inhalation absorption and oral absorption are considered both low (10% as worst case assumption).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEC is used as a starting point
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on a chronic study (MacKenzie, 1958)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation route
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data from substance fulfilling scientific principle is used, supported by data from a subchronic study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further uncertainties to be taken into account
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.644 mg/m³
DNEL related information
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.077 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- not required as LOAEC based on minimal local effects
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- based on a subchronic inhalation study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- not used for inhalation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default factor for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data from substance fulfilling scientific principle is used
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further uncertainties to be taken into account
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.154 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEC
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- not required as LOAEC based on minimal local effects
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- not used for inhalation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default factor for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data from substance fulfilling scientific principle is used
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further uncertainties to be taken into account
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.185 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 18.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral to dermal, no adjustment for absorption made as both, dermal and oral absorption, are considered max. 10%
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is used as the starting point
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on a chronic study (MacKenzie, 1958)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rats are used in the animal test
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data from substance fulfilling scientific principle is used, supported by subchronic data
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no other uncertainties need to be considered.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.185 mg/kg bw/day
DNEL related information
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.185 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 18.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- no route to route extrapolation applied
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is used as the starting point
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on a chronic study result (MacKenzie, 1958)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rats are used in the animal test
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default factor for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data from substance fulfilling scientific principle is used, supported by subchronic data
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no other uncertainties need to be considered.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.185 mg/kg bw/day
DNEL related information
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Chromium trichloride is not used by the general population and thus no exposure is foreseeable. However, for sake of completeness, also DNELs for general population were derived and the same underlying data as used for deriving worker DNEL (see above) were used.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.