Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 223-339-8 | CAS number: 3844-45-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
The test substance is not readily biodegradable (according to OECD criteria).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
A GLP guideline study according to OECD 301B has been conducted (BASF SE 2016). Activated sludge from a municipal sewage plant was exposed for 28 d and the CO2-Evolution was determined. After 28 d the biodegradation was determined to be < 10%. Therefore, the test substance is not readily biodegradable.
Additional, two literature studies are available: Pagga and Brown (1986) conducted a static test according to a modified OECD Guideline 302 B. 100 mg/l of the dye was added to 500 mg activated sludge (ds)/l and degradation based on the DOC content (initial concentration: 56 mg/L) was measured over a period of 42 days. For the test substance a degradation of 45 % was measured. Since an elimination of 14 % was measured in the first three hours of this test, the authors classified the substance, based on their own criteria, as being capable of only partial elimination from water, or potentially biodegradable.
Tonogai et al. (1978) performed aerobic and anaerobic tests on the degradation of dyes. In aerobic tests 750 ml activated sludge from the municipal sewage plant in Nakahama, Osaka, was acclimated for one week or more to a synthetic effluent solution (glucose-peptone-potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution) and then spiked with 250 ml 0.03 M (= 23.8 g/L) dye solution. The suspension was aerated at 20 °C and 5 ml samples were taken daily for DOC analysis. After a 10-day experimental period the test substance was degraded by about 5 %.
Anaerobic tests were performed by a similar method. Instead of air, nitrogen was injected into the suspension and the containers sealed. Degradation under anaerobic conditions was somewhat more rapid than under aerobic conditions, about 25 % having been degraded after a 6-day experimental period.
Furthermore, the BUA Report 242 (2002) cites the investigations of Borgerding and Hites (1994) and Jank et al. (1998) are summarized:
In investigations on the aerobic degradation of food and cosmetic dyes in a municipal sewage plant, containing effluent from a plant producing food and cosmetic dyes, Borgerding and Hites (1994) found that the test substance was not degraded. The measured values were 0.520 ± 0.066 mg/l in the sewage plant inlet and 0.530 ± 0.060 mg/l in the outlet (residence time not indicated).
The authors qualify their results, stating that they represent only daily values and that concentrations may vary greatly depending on the effiuent quantity of the emission source. The very acidic sulphonate groups (pKs of about 1.5), on each of the three aryl groups of the molecule, prevent sorption to sewage sludge and thus cause all of the substance to remain in the aqueous phase.
Jank et al. (1998) carried out various experiments on decolouration (combination of active carbon and H2O2) and on the abiotic degradation of wastewaters dyed with the test substance. They also found that the dye was not subject to biodegradation. They suggested pre-treatment with Fenton's reagent under the following reaction conditions.
- temperature: 10 °C (preferred, also 20 °C und 40 °C)
- pH setting: 3.0
- H2O2 concentration: 10 mI/l (35 %); 3.53 g/l
- Fe 2+ concentration: 0.5 g/l [1.36 g FeSO4/l; 2.489 FeSO4 x 7(H2O)/l]
- reaction time: 4 hours (up to 24 hours at a higher temperature)
After this pre-treatment and a two-day lag phase, the subsequent reaction products are degraded to 93-97 % within 14- 15 days. lt should be pointed out, however, that these were model experiments with an initial concentration of 2 g test substance/l, the residence times in typical sewage plants are less than 14- 15 days and pre-treatment with reagents is not prescribed in OECD guidelines.
Therefore, in overall conclusion, the test substance is not readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria. However, based on literature studies it can be assumed that the test substance is potentially biodegradable.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.