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EC number: 215-218-3 | CAS number: 1314-08-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Palladium monoxide was not irritant in a limited (pre-GLP) study, involving 24-hr occluded application to the intact and abraded skin of 6 male rabbits (Campbell et al., 1975).
According to an expert review of an unpublished eye irritation study, conducted to US guidelines (CFR 21, part 191 12), a single instillation of palladium monoxide (100 mg) to the eyes of six rabbits produced no signs of irritation.
No relevant respiratory tract irritation data were identified.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not stated in paper, but submitted for publication in 1974
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Although the study is not conducted to a modern protocol and is somewhat limited, it is nevertheless fairly well documented and scientifically acceptable
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Dermal irritancy asessed using male albino rabbits using procedures and evaluation criteria adopted from those in use by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ... a modification of the official Food and Drug Administration procedure [1973]"
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- prior to GLP
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: albino
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- no data
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: Pairs of test sites, each 2 cm x 2 cm, on the closely clipped dorsolaterals aspects of each animal, one side abraded and the other side intact
- Vehicle:
- water
- Remarks:
- 0.1 ml
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.1 g
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period:
- skin reactions scored immediately on removal of patch and 48 hours later
- Number of animals:
- Total of 6 rabbits, with up to 7 pairs of test sites each, used to test 14 test substances, some substances tested more than once
- Details on study design:
- Pairs of test sites, each 2 cm x 2 cm, on the closely clipped dorsolaterals aspects of each animal, one side abraded and the other side intact; Test substances in solid (powder) state were mixed with water (0.1 g quantity mixed with 0.1 ml deionised water) and spread over each site; after application of test substances [several probably tested simultaneously on each animal], test sites occluded; 24 hours later, coverings removed and test sites gently washed with soap, rinsed and dried; skin reactions scored immediately and 48 hours later; evaluation on a grading scale from 0 to 4 [similar to Draize scale]
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- single test rating or average of two or three
- Time point:
- other: 24 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Average skin reaction for 24 and 72 hours after the start of treatment calculated for intact and abraded skin. No individual scores or any further information presented in paper, but the data confirm that a score of 0 was obtained for each of the 6 test animals.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Remarks:
- evaluation criteria adopted from those in use by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- Conclusions:
- Palladium monoxide was not irritant in a limited (pre-GLP) study, involving 24-hr occluded application to the intact and abraded skin of 6 male rabbits.
- Executive summary:
In a pre-GLP study, the dermal irritancy of 14 materials, including palladium monoxide, was assessed in albino rabbits. Test materials, mixed with water, were applied to intact and abraded skin of 6 male albino rabbits as 24-hour occluded patches. Coverings were then removed and sites scored immediately and 48 hours later, using a scale from 0 (non-irritant) to 4 (corrosive).
Palladium monoxide failed to give any indication of irritation (score 0) on both intact and abraded skin (mean of reactions at 24 and 72 hours).
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- No data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: US CFR guideline study, pre-GLP, with limited reporting.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: CFR 21, part 191 12 (revised as of April 1, 1973)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- (prior to GLP)
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Albino rabbits with no known ocular abnormalities.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- other: The left eye of each animal served as a control.
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 100 mg (deposited on the eye surface) - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Presumably the observation period
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 3 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE: Not removed
SCORING SYSTEM: No data
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: No data - Irritation parameter:
- other: Number of animals showing irritant reactions
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 6
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Number of animals showing irritant reactions
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 6
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Number of animals showing irritant reactions
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 6
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Number of animals showing irritant reactions
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 6
- Reversibility:
- other: Not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Number of animals showing irritant reactions
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- other: 48 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 6
- Reversibility:
- other: Not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Number of animals showing irritant reactions
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- other: 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 6
- Reversibility:
- other: Not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- No corrosive conjunctival lesions or severe inflammation of the cornea and anterior chamber of the eyes
- Other effects:
- In one animal, the test material was still present in the conjunctival sac at the end of the observation period, but was completely covered with a thick mucous material.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- According to an expert review of an unpublished eye irritation study, conducted to US guidelines (CFR 21, part 191 12), a single instillation of palladium monoxide (100 mg) to the eyes of six rabbits produced no signs of irritation.
- Executive summary:
According to an expert review of an unpublished eye irritation study, conducted to US test guidelines (CFR 21, part 191 12), palladium monoxide (100 mg) was instilled into one eye of each of six rabbits. The other eye remained untreated and acted as the control. The treated eye was then assessed for ocular inflammation 24, 48 and 72 hr after application. No reaction was noted in any of the six animals, indicating that the test material was not irritating.
Based on the results of this study, palladium monoxide should not be classified for eye irritation according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
No relevant irritation/corrosion human data were identified. No in vitro skin or eye irritation studies were identified, or are required, as reliable in vivo studies are already available.
In a pre-GLP study, the dermal irritancy of 14 materials, including palladium monoxide, was assessed in albino rabbits. Test materials, mixed with water, were applied to intact and abraded skin of 6 male albino rabbits as 24-hour occluded patches. Coverings were then removed and sites scored immediately and 48 hours later, using a scale from 0 (non-irritant) to 4 (corrosive).
Palladium monoxide failed to give any indication of irritation (score 0) on both intact and abraded skin (mean of reactions at 24 and 72 hours) (Campbell et al., 1975). No classification for skin irritancy is required according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008), based on the results of this study.
According to an expert review of an unpublished eye irritation study, conducted to US test guidelines (CFR 21, part 191 12), palladium monoxide (100 mg) was instilled into one eye of each of six rabbits. The other eye remained untreated and acted as the control. The treated eye was then assessed for ocular inflammation 24, 48 and 72 hr after application. No reaction was noted in any of the six animals, indicating that the test material was not irritating (Hysell et al., 1974). Based on the results of this study, palladium monoxide should not be classified for eye irritation according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
No respiratory tract irritation data were identified. A new study was not conducted as it is not a REACH Standard Information Requirement. Further, the compound is not expected to reach the lungs in appreciable quantities (based on respiratory tract deposition modelling data). Thus, inhalation will not be a significant route of exposure.
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion
endpoint:
US Guideline study, pre-GLP, and the only skin irritation study
available.
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
US Guideline study, pre-GLP, and the only eye irritation study
available.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the results of the available skin and eye irritation studies with palladium monoxide (both in vivo), there is no requirement to classify palladium monoxide for skin or eye irritation according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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