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EC number: 203-996-7 | CAS number: 112-67-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Palmitoyl chloride is irritating to the skin, but non-irritating to the eyes.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Skin irritation was tested using an internal standard method (BASF test). Two White Vienna rabbits were used. One side of the back was treated for 20 h and the other side was treated for 1, 5 or 15 min under occlusive conditions. An application site of 2.5 X 2.5 cm was covered with the liquid or powdered and moistened with test substance.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Vienna White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Breeder
- Weight at study initiation: 3.25 and 3.54 kg - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not required
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): approx. 1 ml - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Experiment 1: 20 h
Experiment 2: 1, 5, or 15 minutes - Observation period:
- 8 days
- Number of animals:
- 2
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: An application site of 2.5 X 2.5 cm was covered with the liquid (37°C; presumably 1 ml)
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done):
Experiment 1: washing was done in the 1 min, 5 min and 15 min test directly after exposure. Lutrol conc. and 50% (mild detergent) was used.
Experiment 2: No washing was done after the 20 h treatment. - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- 20 h exposure
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Necrosis observed in both animals; see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- 20 h exposure
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 8 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- 20 h exposure
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further datails
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- 20 h exposure
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further datails
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- 15 min exposure
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- 15 min exposure
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.33
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within:
- Remarks:
- 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- 15 min exposure
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- 15 min exposure
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.67
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
Reference
Since irritation data are recommended for a 4 h skin exposition, results of the available 20 h and the 15 min exposition will serve as approximation.
Descriptive scores of the raw data have been converted to Draize numerical scores. If necroses were reported, erythema scores were given for the surrounding area.
Exposition: | 20 h | |||
Animal | Reading | Erythema | Edema | Comment |
1 | 24 h | 3 | 2 | anemic necrosis, overlapping 2 finger´s width |
2 | 24 h | 3 | 1 | |
1 | 48 h | 3 | 2 | anemic necrosis, overlapping 2 finger´s width |
2 | 48 h | 3 | 1 | white substance deposits |
1 | 72 h | 3 | 2 | anemic necrosis, overlapping 2 finger´s width |
2 | 72 h | 3 | 1 | white substance deposits |
1 | 4 d | 3 | 2 | anemic necrosis |
2 | 4 d | 3 | 1 | white substance deposits |
1 | 7 d | 2 | 0 | anemic necrosis, surrounding area with scaling |
2 | 7 d | 0 | 0 | smooth necrosis |
1 | 8 d | 2 | 0 | anemic necrosis, surrounding area with scaling |
2 | 8 d | 0 | 0 | smooth necrosis |
mean | 24 - 72 h | 3.00 | 1.50 | |
1 2 |
24 - 72 h 24 - 72 h |
3.00 3.00 |
2.00 1.00 |
|
Exposition: | 15 min | |||
Animal | Reading | Erythema | Edema | Comment |
1 | 24 h | 3 | 0 | largely overlapping |
2 | 24 h | 3 | 0 | largely overlapping |
1 | 48 h | 4 | 2 | largely overlapping |
2 | 48 h | 4 | 2 | largely overlapping |
1 | 72 h | 4 | 2 | largely overlapping |
2 | 72 h | 3 | 3 | largely overlapping |
1 | 4 d | 3 | 2 | largely overlapping |
2 | 4 d | 3 | 2 | largely overlapping |
1 | 7 d | 2 | 0 | rough scaling |
2 | 7 d | 0 | 0 | rough scaling |
1 | 8 d | 2 | 0 | rough scaling |
2 | 8 d | 0 | 0 | rough scaling |
mean | 24 - 72 h | 3.50 | 1.50 | |
1 | 24 - 72 h | 3.67 | 1.33 | |
2 | 24 - 72 h | 3.33 | 1.67 | |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- partly limited documentation; 50 μl instead of 100 μl test substance instilled
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- application volume
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Before OECD Guideline 405 was established, eye irritation was tested using an internal method (BASF test). White Vienna rabbits were used. Usually 50µl or mg of the test substance were applied to the conjunctival sac of one eye of 2 animals. The saline-treated adjacent eye served as a control.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Vienna White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Breeder
- Weight at study initiation: 2.06 - 2.23 kg
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
not reported - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: one drop of saline into the other eye
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 50 µl
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Treatment was once. The eye was left unwashed.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 8 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 1.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: see table for further details
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
Reference
Descriptive scores of the raw data have been converted to Draize numerical scores.
Animal | Reading | Opacity | Iritis | Redness | Chemosis | Comment |
1 | 1 h | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | |
2 | 1 h | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | |
1 | 3 h | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | blood |
2 | 3 h | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | blood |
1 | 24 h | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
2 | 24 h | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
1 | 48 h | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
2 | 48 h | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
1 | 5 d | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | slight corneal opacity only after fluorescein staining, comparable to the control eye |
2 | 5 d | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | slight corneal opacity only after fluorescein staining, comparable to the control eye |
1 | 8 d | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
2 | 8 d | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
mean | 24 - 48 h | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.25 | 0.25 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation:
Skin irritation was tested using an internal standard method (BASF test). Two White Vienna rabbits were used. One side of the back was treated for 20 h and the other side was treated for 1, 5 or 15 min under occlusive conditions. An application site of 2.5 X 2.5 cm was covered with the liquid or powdered and moistened with test substance. While there was a marked irritation after 15 minutes exposure "slight" necrosis (suprafacial) were observed after 20-hour occlusive conditions in both animals. Expert judgement suggests that the compound would not be caustic after a much shorter exposure time (4 hours ) and less stringent conditions (semiocclusive patch) (BASF, 1970).
Eye irritation:
Another internal standard method (BASF test) was used to test eye irritation in rabbits The study is comparable to OECD Guideline 405 with acceptable restrictions however application volume is reduced. Corneal opacity, conjunctivae redness and chemosis were slight and reversible at least after 5 d (BASF, 1970).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available data on skin irritation the substance is classified as skin irrit. cat. 2 (H315) according to criteria of Regulation EC/1272/2008 (CLP).
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