(2S)-6-fluoro-2-(oxiran-2-yl)chromane

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2016-12-06 to 2016-12-14

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Report date:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

July 21, 1997

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Version / remarks:

Official Journal of the European Union No. L142, 31 May 2008

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

1

Reference substance name:

(2S)-6-fluoro-2-(oxiran-2-yl)chromane

EC Number:

930-889-9

Cas Number:

1219915-05-5

Molecular formula:

C11H11FO2

IUPAC Name:

(2S)-6-fluoro-2-(oxiran-2-yl)chromane

Test material form:

liquid

Details on test material:

Physical state: liquid
Appearence: light brown liquid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: I16FB3013
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2018-06-07 (retest date)
- Date of manufacture: 2016-06-17

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: not available
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: not indicated
- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle of the cell culture medium: not indicated

OTHER: A correction factor of 1.14 for the purity/composition of the test item was applied in this study.

Method

Target gene:

Histidine locus (histidine-dependent S. typhimurium strains); Tryptophan locus (tryptophan-dependent E. coli strains)

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9-mix (Aroclor 1254 induced rat liver metabolic activation system)

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Dose Range Finding Test: 0, 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1600, 5000 µg/plate with and without 5% S9-mix (Top dose based on the solubility findings);
Mutation Assay: 0, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1000, 1600 µg/plate with and without 5% S9-mix (Top dose based on solubility finding and dose range finding test results)

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The test item was observed to be insoluble in water at 50 mg/ml. In DMSO, the test item was soluble at 50 mg/ml (= 5000 μg/plate). Based on these solubility findings, DMSO was selected as vehicle.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

without S9-mix; at 5 µg/plate (TA1535)

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: ICR-191

Remarks:

without S9-mix; at 2.5 µg/plate (TA1537)

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

2-nitrofluorene

Remarks:

without S9-mix; at 10 µg/plate (TA98)

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

Remarks:

without S9-mix; at 650 µg/plate (TA100)

Controls 5

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

Remarks:

without S9-mix; at 10 µg/plate (WP2uvrA)

Controls 6

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene

Remarks:

With S9-mix; at 2.5 µg/plate (TA1535, TA1537), at 1 µg/plate (TA98, TA100), at 15 µg/plate (WP2uvrA)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
Top agar in top agar tubes was melted by heating to 45 ± 2°C. The following solutions were successively added to 3 ml molten top agar:
- 0.1 ml of a fresh bacterial culture (10^9 cells/ml) of one of the tester strains,
- 0.1 ml of a dilution of the test item in DMSO and
- either 0.5 ml S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays).
The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C for 48 ± 4 h. After this period revertant colonies were counted.

DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 ± 4 h
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): 48 ± 4 h (simultaneous with exposure)

SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): histidine (S. typhimurium strains) or tryptophan (E. coli strains)

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: all concentrations for all experiments were tested in triplicate

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: Reduction in bacterial background lawn; increase in size of the microcolonies; reduction of revertant colonies

Evaluation criteria:

A test item is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA is not greater than two (2) times the concurrent vehicle control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537 or TA98 is not greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one follow-up experiment.

A test item is considered positive (mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA is greater than two (2) times the concurrent vehicle control, or the total number of revertants in tester strain TA1535, TA1537 or TA98 is greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) A concentration related effect is observed.
c) In case a follow up experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one follow up experiment.

Statistics:

No formal hypothesis testing was done.
In addition to the criteria stated above, any increase in the total number of revertants was evaluated for its biological relevance including a comparison of the results with the historical control data range.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

positive

Remarks:

see details below

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

positive

Remarks:

see details below

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Water solubility: insoluble at 50 mg/ml
- Precipitation: at 1600 and 5000 μg/plate (start of the incubation), no precipitation at the end of the incubation.

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
The test item was tested in the tester strains TA100 and WP2uvrA at concentrations of 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix. Based on the results of the dose range finding test, the following dose ranges were selected for the mutation experiment with the tester strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98: 17, 52, 164, 512, 1000 and 1600 μg/plate in the absence, and 17, 52, 164, 512, 100, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate in the presence of S9-mix.

HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (with ranges, means and standard deviation and confidence interval (e.g. 95%)
- Positive historical control data: The strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.
- Negative (solvent/vehicle) historical control data: The vehicle control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
- Measurement of cytotoxicity used: Reduction in bacterial background lawn; increase in size of the microcolonies; reduction of revertant colonies.
- Other observations when applicable: Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of revertants and/or reduction of the bacterial background lawn, was observed in the tester strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA98 in the absence and presence of S9-mix. In tester strain WP2uvrA, no toxicity was observed at any of the dose levels tested.

Mutagenicity:
without S9: significant increase in TA1535, TA100 and TA1537, but biologically relevant in TA1535 and TA100 only; with S9: significant increase in TA1535, TA100, TA98 and TA1537, but biologically relevant in TA1535 and TA100 only

Any other information on results incl. tables

In the absence of S9-mix, the test item induced dose related increases in the number of revertant colonies. The increase observed in tester strain TA1535 was above the laboratory historical control data range, and was up to 21-fold the concurrent control. The increase observed in tester strain TA100 was above the laboratory historical control data range and was up to 8.6-fold the concurrent control. The increase observed in tester strain WP2uvrA was above the laboratory historical control data range and was up to 9.1-fold the concurrent control. The increase observed in tester strain TA1537 was more than three times the concurrent control (4.3-fold), but was within the laboratory historical control data range. Therefore, this increase is considered to be not biologically relevant.

In the presence of S9-mix, the test item induced dose related increases in the number of revertant colonies. The increase observed in tester strain TA1535 was above the laboratory historical control data range, and was up to 7.7-fold the concurrent control. The increase observed in tester strain TA100 was above the laboratory historical control data range and was up to 12-fold the concurrent control. The increase observed in tester strain WP2uvrA was above the laboratory historical control data range and was up to 7.0-fold the concurrent control. The increases observed in tester strain TA1537 and TA98 were more than three times the concurrent control (3.3 and 3.7-fold, respectively), but were within the laboratory historical control data range. Therefore, these increases are considered to be not biologically relevant.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results:
positive with and without metabolic activaiton

Based on the results of this study it is concluded that the test item is mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.