Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 205-027-3 | CAS number: 131-54-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- information not available
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
Reference
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- Information not available.
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Guideline:
- other: not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: test material obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: a stock solution was prepared in reconstituted water (ISO 1982)
- Controls: reconstituted ISO water - Test organisms (species):
- other aquatic worm: Freshwater planarian D. japonica
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Dugesia japonica
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: Freshwater free-living planarians are common aquatic invertebrates in both unpolluted rivers and lakes, and play an important role in aquatic ecosystem by acting as carnivores, omnivores, or detritivores. Freshwater planarians have been suggested as suitable
test organisms for various types of short-term toxicity bioassays. In particular, they are sensitive to different types of environmental pollutants and can be easily maintained in laboratory inexpensively. For example, freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica, showed a similar sensitivity to acute toxicity of different surfactants compared with the most common invertebrate test species, Daphnia magna.
- Source: D. japonica, were collected from Nan-shi stream located in Wu-Lai (24 790 N, 121 520 E) of northern Taiwan. Since then, the animals have been maintained asexually in dechlorinated tap water at room temperature and were fed with raw chicken liver once a week.
- Feeding during test: No. The test animals were not fed at least 4 days before the start of the toxicity tests and during the whole test duration.
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: The planarians used for the test had a body length of 0.7 ± 0.1 cm. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 25 ± 1 °C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.5 - 50 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 50mL of test solution in a glass beaker :
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 5
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 5
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water (ISO 1982), including 2.5 mmol/L CaCl2, 0.4 mmol/L MgSO4, 0.8 mmol/L NaHCO3, and 77 mmol/L KCl.
- Culture medium different from test medium: Yes, dechlorinated tap water.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12 : 12 h dark/light cycle
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : The animals were inspected every 24 h for mortality during the entire 96 h experimental period. The organisms without detectable movement were considered dead and removed from test solution.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 1.7 - 2.7 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 1.7 - 2.7 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 14 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 10.9 - 17.9 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 35 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The concentrations that were lethal to 50% of the organisms (LC50) at 24, 48, 72, or 96 h were calculated using trimmed Spearman–Karber analysis with trimmed
Spearman–Karber program (version 1.5) which were obtained from Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (USEPA, Cincinnati, OH). The Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between acute toxicity of D. japonica and D. magna. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In a study with the aquatic invertebrate Dugesia japonica under static conditions, toxic effects of 2,2-Dihydroxy-4,4-dimethoxybenzophenone (Benzophenone-6) were investigated. The following results were determined for the compound: LC50 (24 h) = 35 mg/L, LC50 (48 h) = 14 mg/L, LC50 (72 h) = 2.1 mg/L, LC50 (96h) = 2.1 mg/L. The LC50 (48h) was regarded as key value, since the test duration of 48 h is recommended for acute toxicity testing on aquatic invertebrates according to relevant standard test guidelines.
Based on this result, the test item does not need to be classified as acute toxic to the aquatic environment. With regard to chronic toxicity, taking into account the facts that the test item is soluble in water, i.e. above the determined EC50 value, and not readily biodegradable, the test item should be classified as aquatic chronic Cat. 3. - Executive summary:
Within this study fourteen benzophenone-type UV filters and four paraben preservatives were selected to examine their acute toxicities on Dugesia japonica. The 48-h LC50 values for planarians exposed to benzophenone-type UV filters can be ranked as oxybenzone >mexenone >5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone >2,4- dihydroxybenzophenone >hydroxybenzophenone >dioxybenzone>benzophenone >2,2,4,4-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone >4-hydroxybenzophenone >3-hydroxybenzophenone >4,4-dihydroxybenzophenone >2,2-dihydroxy-4,4-Dimethoxybenzophenone >2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone >sulisobenzone with a range from 0.9 to 145 mg/L with a similar sequence for the 96 h LC50 values, ranging from 0.5 to 77mg/L. Among all the tested chemicals, oxybenzone was the most toxic and sulisobenzone the least toxic chemical to planarian at each exposure period. Most benzophenone-type UV filters are toxic to aquatic animals with 48 h LC50 values less than 10 mg/L, except for 2,2-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone, and sulisobenzone.
The LC50 (48h) for Dugesia japonica exposed to 2,2-Dihydroxy-4,4-dimethoxybenzophenone (Benzophenone-6, CAS 131-54-4) was determined to be 14 mg/L.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Acute Toxicity and Ecological Risk Assessment of Benzophenone and N,N-Diethyl-3 Methylbenzamide in Personal Care Products
- Author:
- Sun H-Q
- Year:
- 2 016
- Bibliographic source:
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - Open Access Journal (www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph)
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Chinese National Standards: GB/T 21805-2008 (algae)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzophenone
- EC Number:
- 204-337-6
- EC Name:
- Benzophenone
- Cas Number:
- 119-61-9
- Molecular formula:
- C13H10O
- IUPAC Name:
- benzophenone
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: The test material was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China)
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- dimethyl sulfoxide (cosolvent)
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: BG 11 liquid medium and a Benzophenone stock solution were used to prepare a serial concentration of solution (100 mL).
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Chlorella vulgaris
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Chlorella vulgaris
- Strain: FACHB-8
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Freshwater Algae Culture Collection, at the Institute
of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Wuhan, China). The algae were cultured for three generations in the laboratory before the toxicity experiments.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 25 ± 2 °C,
- pH:
- pH 7.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The chemical concentrations of the definitive test were set up based on the results of the pre-test, so the concentration ranges are narrow and have good linear relation to the inhibition rates. Five concentrations in the concentration range of 2.00 - 10.00 mg/L were tested.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 mL glass flasks with 100 mL of test solution
- Initial cells density: 1E6 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 3 (cosolvent)
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: no
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used:
BG 11 medium:
A) Stock solutions for BG-11:
Stock 1:
Na2MG EDTA: 0.1g/liter
Ferric ammonium citrate: 0.6g/liter
Citric acid . 1H2O: 0.6g/liter
CaCl2 . 2H2O: 3.6g/liter
Filter sterilize into a sterile bottle or autoclave
Stock 2:
MgSO4 . 7H2O: 7.5g/liter
Filter sterilize into a sterile bottle or autoclave
Stock 3:
K2HPO4 . 3H2O: 4.0g/liter
or K2HPO4: 3.05g/liter
Filter sterilize into a sterile bottle or autoclave
Stock 5 (Microelements):
H3BO3: 2.86g/liter
MnCl2 . 4H2O: 1.81g/liter
ZnSO4 . 7H2O: 0.222g/liter
CuSO4 . 5H2O: 0.079g/liter
COCl2 . 6H2O: 0.050g/liter
NaMoO4 . 2H2O: 0.391g/liter
or MoO4 (85%): 0.018g/liter
B) For basic BG11 medium combine the following stock solutions:
Stock Solution Per Liter of medium
Stock 1
10 ml
Stock 2
10 ml
Stock 3
10 ml
Na2CO3
0.02g
Stock 5
1.0 ml
NaNO3
1.5g
Combine stocks and adjust pH to 7.5 (use 1.0N HCl). Aliquot into flasks (50 ml/125 ml flask) with cotton stoppers on top and autoclave. After autoclaving and cooling the pH is about 7.1. For solid media add 1% noble agar. For BG-11o don't add NaNO3 .
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The growth medium BG 11 and Benzophenone stock solutions were used to prepare a serial concentration of solutions of Benzophenone (100 mL).
- Culture medium different from test medium: not specified
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: not specified
- Photoperiod: 12 h:12 h light–dark cycle
- Light intensity and quality: 2000–3000 lx,
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : During the period of the experiment, the absorbance of C. vulgaris was measured every 24 h, then it
was converted to cell density to calculate growth rates.
- Determination of cell concentrations: Before the experiment, microscopic counting and spectrophotometry were employed to obtain the linear correlation between the C. vulgaris cells density and absorbance at 680-nm wavelength. This correlation was used to determine the cell density for every 24 h, by the measurement of absorbance (see above). The converted cell denity was used to calculate growth rates.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: not specified
- Range finding study: A pre-test was conducted but no details were specified in the publication.
- Test concentrations: 2.00 - 10.00 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: The chemical concentrations were set up based on the results of a pre-test, so the concentration range is narrow and has good linear relation to the inhibition rates. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.86 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 6.40–7.34 mg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- IBM SPSS version 20 software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was applied to calculate the 96-h half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of C. vulgaris
Any other information on results incl. tables
Results
There was no significant difference between the dimethyl sulfoxide control group at the highest concentration and the blank control group for C. vulgaris growth rate by analysis of variance. This indicated that dimethyl sulfoxide had no repression effect on C. vulgaris in this study. All the results were analyzed by comparing the testing to the blank control groups.
Acute Toxicity of Benzophenone to Chlorella vulgaris (Growth Inhibition)
The inhibition effect on C. vulgaris growth increased with the increasing in the concentrations.
During the exposure time, although the algal growth rate was inhibited, the algal densities still showed an increasing trend. When the Benzophenone concentration was 10.00 mg/L, there was almost no growth between 48 and 72 h, but rapid growth from 72 to 96 h.
The linear regression equation between Benzophenone concentration and its inhibition ratio was
y = -10.216 + 8.979x, (x : 2.00mg/L - 10.00mg/L)
where x is the Benzophenone concentration, and y is the inhibition ratio on C. vulgaris growth (%).
The 96-h EC50 was calculated as 6.86 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 6.40–7.34 mg/L).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The study was performed according to Chinese National Standards (GB/T 21805-2008 (algae)) on Benzophenone without obvious deviations which may have an impact on the validity of the study. Thus, the results were obtained via a scientifically reasonable method. Hence, there is no doubt that the obtained results are not reliable.
Under the conditions of the test, there was a significant growth inhibition of Chlorella vulgaris at concentrations >2.00 mg/L. The following EC-value was determined accordingly after 96 hours: EC50 = 6.86 mg/L. - Executive summary:
In the present acute toxicity sudy according to Chinese National Standards, the toxic effect of Benzophenone and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide on Chlorella vulgaris,Daphnia magna, and Brachydanio rerio was tested and the ecotoxicological risks were evaluated.
For Benzophenone the 96-h half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) on Chlorella vulgaris was 6.86 mg/L.
.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.