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EC number: 231-048-2 | CAS number: 7423-42-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations:
0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/l nominal.
- Sampling method:
The samples were filled into 2 mL glass vials.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis:
To each vial, 0.25 mL acetonitrile was added and samples were stored in the freezer at ≤ -18 °C. Of each sampled treatment, one of the analytical samples from 0 h, 24 h and 48 h was sent to the
analytical laboratory for chemical analysis using an insulated box with thermal packs. The remaining samples were stored as retain samples in the freezer (≤ -18 °C) until finalisation of the study. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- The test was performed with Elendt M4 medium according to OECD 202 (2004).
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- The test organism Daphnia magna Straus originates from the clone breeding of the Federal
Environment Agency, department IV 2.4, Berlin, and has been cultivated at Hydrotox GmbH since
October 2012. The daphnids are cultured at 20 +/- 2 °C with 16 h light : 8 h dark and placed into
fresh Elendt M4 medium twice a week. They are kept at approx. 10 animals / 200 mL and fed on
workdays with Desmodesmus subspicatus algae corresponding to 0.1 mg C × daphnid-1 × day-1.
The test organisms used were 1h 10 min - 23 h 40 min old at the start of the test.
Quality assurance takes place at regular intervals by testing the sensitivity of the test organisms to the reference item potassium dichromate (Honeywell Speciality Chemicals Seelze GmbH, Seelze, Germany; Lot no.: H1030). The recent quality testing was performed in November 2021 (GLP 1663) with EC50 (24h) = 2.02 mg/L which is in the declared range of 0.6 – 2.1 mg/L (24 h) according to OECD 202. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Test temperature:
- 20.9-21.7
- pH:
- 7.6-7.8 in control
7-7.6 in treatment - Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.8-8 mg/l in control
7.7-8.1 mg/l in treatment - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] : 0 (negative control), 5, 10, 20, 40, 80
The measured test item concentrations in the test item treatments were 89.5 – 105.0 % of the nominal loading rates - Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 21.9 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 15.6 - <= 31.2
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 5 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 2 - <= 8
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 75.4 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 51.4 - <= 166.6
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 19.3 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 8.9 - <= 28.1
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Immobilisation of the test organisms in the control at the end of the test was 0 (desired ≤ 10 %). Dissolved oxygen concentration in the control and the test item treatments at the end of the test ≥ 7.7 mg/L (Desired >=3 mg/l).
- Conclusions:
- A static acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna according to OECD 202 (13 April 2004) was
conducted in order to investigate the effects of the test item on daphnids.
The substance is considered as difficult to test due to the surface activity (surface tension is 30.7
mN/m at 20 °C, EU method A.5) and adsorptive properties (according ECHA Decision on
Compliance Check).
According to OECD 202 and ECHA requirements with reference to OECD 23 for difficult to test
substances, evidence of stability of exposure concentrations must be provided.
The pre-test results (non-GLP) showed stable exposure concentrations throughout the test
duration within 80 -120% of the nominal concentrations in the substance-specific analysis and a
dose-response relationship was evident. For these reasons, no modification of the test method was
necessary for this test substance. To demonstrate the stability of the exposure concentration
during the test period, each test concentration was measured analytically at each measurement
time point. Thus, the ECHA requirements for difficult-to-test substances were fulfilled.
As the measured test item concentrations are within ± 20 % of the nominal concentrations,
according to OECD 202 (2004), all results are given in relation to the nominal test item
concentrations.
EC 50 (24h/48 h): 75.4/21.9 mg/l
LOEC (24h/48 h): 20/10 mg/l
Reference
Description of key information
A static acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna according to OECD 202 (13 April 2004) was
conducted in order to investigate the effects of the test item on daphnids.
The substance is considered as difficult to test due to the surface activity (surface tension is 30.7
mN/m at 20 °C, EU method A.5) and adsorptive properties (according ECHA Decision on
Compliance Check).
According to OECD 202 and ECHA requirements with reference to OECD 23 for difficult to test
substances, evidence of stability of exposure concentrations must be provided.
The pre-test results (non-GLP) showed stable exposure concentrations throughout the test
duration within 80 -120% of the nominal concentrations in the substance-specific analysis and a
dose-response relationship was evident. For these reasons, no modification of the test method was
necessary for this test substance. To demonstrate the stability of the exposure concentration
during the test period, each test concentration was measured analytically at each measurement
time point. Thus, the ECHA requirements for difficult-to-test substances were fulfilled.
As the measured test item concentrations are within ± 20 % of the nominal concentrations,
according to OECD 202 (2004), all results are given in relation to the nominal test item
concentrations.
EC 50 (24h/48 h): 75.4/21.9 mg/l
LOEC (24h/48 h): 20/10 mg/l
This result is in excellent agreement with the QSAR (Model ECOSAR) prediction.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 21.9 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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