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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 224-929-8 | CAS number: 4559-86-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.9 mg/m³
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 225
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 194 mg/m³
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.12 mg/kg bw/day
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 900
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 110 mg/kg bw/day
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
DNEL Long-term – dermal, systemic effects
Relevant dose descriptor for the endpoint concerned: NOAEL of 110 mg/kg bw/d in female rats in a Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study (E.I. Dupont, 1980; Kennedy et al.,1987)
Assessment factors relating to the extrapolation procedure:
Interspecies: 4 (allometric scaling) and 2.5 (remaining differences)
Intraspecies: 5 (worker)
Time extrapolation: 6 (sub-acute to chronic study)
Route to route extrapolation: 1 (no correction necessary)
Dose-response: 1 (NOAEL)
Quality of whole database: 3 (sub-acute study, not all typical endpoints examined)
Overall assessment factor: 4 * 2.5 * 5 * 6 * 1 * 1 * 3 = 900
DNEL long-term– dermal, systemic effects: 110 mg/kg bw/d ÷ 900 = 0.12 mg/kg bw/d
DNEL Long-term–inhalation, systemic effects
Relevant dose descriptor for the endpoint concerned: NOAEL of 110 mg/kg bw/d in female rats in a Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study (E.I. Dupont, 1980; Kennedy et al.,1987)
Correction of starting point:
Bioavailability: complete absorption is assumed (no correction necessary)
Route of exposure (dermal vs. inhalation exposure): complete absorption assumed (no correction necessary)
Differences in respiratory volumes: respiratory volume of the rat in 8 h corresponds to 0.38 m3/kg bw, additional correction for the higher standard respiratory volumes of workers compared to resting persons: correction factor = (1 ÷ 0.38) * (6.7 ÷ 10) = 1.76
Overall correction factor: 1.76
Corrected starting point: 110 * 1.76 = 194 mg/m3
Assessment factors relating to the extrapolation procedure:
Interspecies: 2.5 (remaining differences)
Intraspecies: 5 (worker)
Time extrapolation: 6 (sub-acute to chronic study)
Dose-response: 1 (NOAEL)
Quality of whole database: 3 (sub-acute study, not all typical endpoints examined)
Overall assessment factor: 2.5 * 5 * 6 * 1 * 3 = 225
DNEL Long-term–inhalation, systemic effects: 194 mg/m3 ÷ 225 = 0.9 mg/m3
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/m³
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 450
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 96 mg/m³
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.06 mg/kg bw/day
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 1 800
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 110 mg/kg bw/day
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.06 mg/kg bw/day
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 1 800
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 110 mg/kg bw/day
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
DNEL Long-term – dermal, systemic effects
Relevant dose descriptor for the endpoint concerned: NOAEL of 110 mg/kg bw/d in female rats in a Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study (E.I. Dupont, 1980; Kennedy et al.,1987)
Assessment factors relating to the extrapolation procedure:
Interspecies: 4 (allometric scaling) and 2.5 (remaining differences)
Intraspecies: 10 (general population)
Time extrapolation: 6 (sub-acute to chronic study)
Route to route extrapolation: 1 (oral to dermal)
Dose-response: 1 (NOAEL)
Quality of whole database: 3 (sub-acute study, not all typical endpoints examined)
Overall assessment factor: 4 * 2.5 * 10 * 6 * 1 * 1 * 3 = 1800
DNEL long-term– dermal, systemic effects: 110 mg/kg bw/d ÷ 1800 = 0.06 mg/kg bw/d
DNEL Long-term–inhalation, systemic effects
Relevant dose descriptor for the endpoint concerned: NOAEL of 110 mg/kg bw/d in female rats in a Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study (E.I. Dupont, 1980; Kennedy et al.,1987)
Correction of starting point:
Bioavailability: complete absorption is assumed (no correction necessary)
Route of exposure (dermal vs. inhalation exposure): complete absorption assumed (no correction necessary)
Differences in respiratory volumes: respiratory volume of the rat in 24 h corresponds to 1.15 m3/kg bw, correction factor 1 ÷ 1.15 = 0.87
Overall correction factor: 0.87
Corrected starting point: 110 * 0.87 = 96 mg/m3
Assessment factors relating to the extrapolation procedure:
Interspecies: 2.5 (remaining differences)
Intraspecies: 10 (general population)
Time extrapolation: 6 (sub-acute to chronic study)
Dose-response: 1 (NOAEL)
Quality of whole database: 3 (sub-acute study, not all typical endpoints examined)
Overall assessment factor: 2.5 * 10 * 6 * 1 * 3 = 450
DNEL Long-term–inhalation, systemic effects: 96 mg/m3 ÷ 450 = 0.2 mg/m3
DNEL Long-term - oral, systemic effects
Relevant dose descriptor for the endpoint concerned: NOAEL of 110 mg/kg bw/d in female rats in a Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study (E.I. Dupont, 1980; Kennedy et al.,1987)
Correction of starting point:
Bioavailability: complete absorption is assumed (no correction necessary)
Route to route extrapolation: 1 (oral to dermal)
Assessment factors relating to the extrapolation procedure:
Interspecies: 4 (allometric scaling) and 2.5 (remaining differences)
Intraspecies: 10 (general population)
Time extrapolation: 6 (sub-acute to chronic study)
Dose-response: 1 (NOAEL)
Quality of whole database: 3 (sub-acute study, not all typical endpoints examined)
Overall assessment factor: 4 * 2.5 * 10 * 6 * 1 * 3 = 1800
DNEL long-term– dermal, systemic effects: 110 mg/kg bw/d ÷ 1800 = 0.06 mg/kg bw/d
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